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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Revenue Opportunities from MDOT Fiber Infrastructure and Other Utility Types</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2785634</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates potential non‑vehicle‑related revenue opportunities associated with Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) infrastructure assets within highway right‑of‑way (ROW), with particular focus on fiber‑based commercialization. The research evaluates a range of revenue concepts for alignment with MDOT’s financial, operational, and connectivity objectives. The study employed a two‑phase approach. First, a qualitative literature review and peer agency assessment examined a range of alternative revenue mechanisms, including solar photovoltaic installations, electric vehicle (EV) charging, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) data, air rights leasing, telecommunication tower leasing, right‑of‑way occupancy compensation, and fiber‑based infrastructure. Based on alignment with MDOT objectives and implementation feasibility, the analysis advanced fiber commercialization—specifically the leasing of existing fiber and conduit assets and the development of new middle‑mile fiber infrastructure—for more focused evaluation. Second, a planning‑level commercialization assessment was conducted to estimate the indicative scale of market opportunity across selected corridors using assumptions related to demand, competition, and cost. Results indicate that both leasing of existing assets and new middle‑mile fiber development demonstrate meaningful but distinct commercial potential. New middle‑mile deployment exhibits higher long‑term indicative opportunity due to broader corridor coverage and access to a larger addressable market, while leasing existing assets offers more limited but near‑term value opportunities. Results are presented as illustrative ranges based on conservative assumptions and are not intended to represent investment‑grade forecasts. The study concludes that fiber commercialization represents a viable opportunity for MDOT. The report outlines implementation considerations—including market validation, governance and procurement structuring, and asset inventory development—to support informed decision‑making regarding whether, how, and when fiber commercialization strategies may be pursued.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 08:56:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2785634</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Assessment of Biomanufacturing in Forward Deployed Locations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784511</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Biomanufacturing uses microorganisms to produce chemicals or materials of interest, much like a brewery uses fermentation by yeast to produce the alcohol in beer. Biomanufacturing relies upon synthetic biology to reprogram yeast or other microorganisms to produce something of greater value, such as fuel, food, or pharmaceuticals. Industrial biomanufacturing has made significant advances and the products it can deliver include reactive coatings and textiles, sensors, optical materials that can bend light, and new therapeutics such as antimicrobials and vaccines. The convergence of synthetic biology, robotics, and artificial intelligence is opening the way to produce materials never before possible in the commercial market. These same technologies create the opportunity for the miniaturization of this technology to fit into ever more compact spaces, bringing forward deployment of these mini-factories closer and closer to the point of need.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 13:19:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784511</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Robust Fiber Optics for Ground Combat Vehicles: Unlocking the Bandwidth for the Mission</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784503</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Army’s Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) is driving data-centric vehicle architectures that demand higher bandwidth, faster decision loops, and greater cross-platform interoperability. Despite these needs, stakeholders hesitate to adopt fiber optics because of perceived fragility, field-retrofit FOD risk, and soldier-handling concerns. This paper characterizes common fiber failure modes in ground-vehicle environments and demonstrates how system-level ruggedization, connector design, and qualified components mitigate those risks. Drawing on demonstrated experience with hardened optics, connector-integrated transceivers, sealed media converters, and rugged cabling, we summarize practical architecture and field maintenance procedures that enable reliable fiber deployment in vehicles. Results show that, with appropriate component selection, installation practices, and built-in diagnostics, fiber optics can provide a robust, maintainable backbone for future ground vehicle networks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 13:19:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784503</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing Condition of Rehabilitated Concrete Pavement with Slab Fracturing and Asphalt Overlay Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2778064</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reflective cracking is one of the primary causes of premature deterioration in asphalt-overlaid Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements, reducing service life and increasing maintenance costs. Because crack initiation begins within the underlying PCC layer before becoming visible at the surface, conventional inspection methods have limited capability for early detection. This project developed and experimentally validated a hybrid experimental-numerical framework that integrates optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR)-based distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS), laboratory-scale three-point bending tests, and finite element (ABAQUS) modeling to monitor and interpret bottom-up reflective cracking. Rectangular and semi-cylindrical asphalt-overlaid PCC specimens were instrumented with surface-bonded distributed optical fibers in a serpentine layout with 20-mm spacing. Controlled bending tests reproduced bottom-up crack initiation and propagation, with cracks consistently originating at a predefined notch within the PCC layer and propagating toward the asphalt overlay. The OFDR-based DFOS system identified localized strain concentrations associated with crack development; and finite element simulations reproduced the observed crack initiation location, propagation path, stress redistribution, and global structural response. The close agreement among laboratory observations, distributed strain measurements, and numerical predictions validates the framework and demonstrates the potential of OFDR-based DFOS for structural health monitoring and condition assessment of rehabilitated concrete pavements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 16:46:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2778064</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Broadband &amp; TSMO Integration: Next-Generation Fiber Network for ITS and Asset
Management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2780487</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project will develop a unified fiber optic network strategy and governance framework to support intelligent transportation systems (ITS), transportation systems management and operations (TSMO), and enterprise communications across the Idaho Transportation Deparement (ITD). The study will evaluate ITD’s existing fiber optic network, communications infrastructure, and asset management practices and review approaches used by other transportation agencies. The results will be used to develop network standards, governance processes, geographic information system (GIS) based asset management practices, and decision making tools to support future communication technology investments and improve network resilience and long term operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2026 15:53:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2780487</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Strain measurements of airport concrete pavement utilizing distributed fiber-optic sensors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2768742</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the feasibility of using distributed fiber optic sensors for the monitoring of the deformation of airport concrete pavements using a simple post-construction installation method. A targeted loading device with known characteristics was employed to generate structural responses. The results demonstrate that post-installed fiber-optic sensors can successfully collect meaningful strain measurements. However, several factors that influence the quality of the measurement were identified, including sensitivity to the installation method, the non-uniform thickness of the adhesive, and the plastic and viscoelastic behavior of the adhesive. In addition, thermal drift in the strain measurements and operational limitations of the interrogation device under low temperatures were observed. Despite these challenges, the findings confirm the potential of distributed fiber-optic sensing to monitor existing concrete pavements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 16:00:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2768742</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Salem District Distributed Acoustic Sensing Pilot on I-81: Performance Evaluation Research Proposal</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2778217</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has an extensive network of fiber optic cables that provide the opportunity for Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) to monitor traffic. DAS operates on existing dark (i.e., unused) fibers, using vibrations to characterize events such as passing cars or incidents like vehicles stopping or crossing over rumble strips. By following traces along a cable, these systems can often identify vehicle trajectories and impute speeds and vehicle class. The accuracy and sensitivity of DAS systems is greatly impacted by fiber installation parameters, including the cable type, installation method, depth, and distance from the roadway. This has the potential to greatly add to VDOT’s sensing space along rural roads without additional capital investment, supplementing existing camera systems. Salem District is piloting a DAS unit at three different sites to determine its effectiveness for TOC alerts of events like disabled vehicles. This project will evaluate the system’s effectiveness for alerts and traffic parameter measurements, enumerate considerations for statewide deployment, and study how VDOT’s fiber installation policies impact DAS sensing capabilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 09:02:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2778217</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Copper Valence and Content in Copper Red Glaze on Its Color Appearance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Copper red glazes have received considerable attention due to their perfect                     decorative effects and vivid coloration. This paper selected four different                     formula copper red glazes with different colors of bright red, violet blue, dark                     red, and gray blue as the samples. Based on the analysis of the colorimeter,                     X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning                     electron microscope (SEM), a possible coloration mechanism was proposed to                     explain the variation of glaze colors. The results indicated that the glaze                     layers were mainly composed of amorphous phases with few quartz diffraction                     peaks and mainly presented a granulous structure and phase separation.                     Increasing the content of CaO could cause color changes of the glaze due to the                     high ionic potential of calcium ions, which could form a unique feature in the                     glaze melt. In addition, a small amount of calcium phosphate could greatly                     change the color of the glaze. The phase separation structure of the blue                     samples was more obvious than that of the red samples, with a phase separation                     size of less than 100 nm. The formation of droplet phase separation structure in                     the glaze could lead to Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering, which made the                     color of copper red glazes blue and opacified. Increasing the content of                         Cu0 and decreasing Cu+ could weaken the structural                     color, which contributes to a* value of the glaze changing from 26.93 to 22.93.                     At the same content of Cu0, the higher the ratio of Cu+                         /Cu2+ is, the less a* value of the glaze is. Finally, the                     existence of CuSiO3 in the glaze could also make the blue color.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 15:33:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and Optimization of Hollow Rotating Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Motor Based on Laser Beam Expander</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2742536</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To meet the critical need for rapid response and miniaturization in laser beam expander drive systems, this study proposes an innovative actuation solution based on a hollow rotary traveling-wave ultrasonic motor. By thoroughly analyzing the optical adjustment mechanism of laser beam expanders and the electromechanical coupling behavior of ultrasonic motors, the motor structure was systematically optimized. Using a multiphysics coupling approach, the performance of stators fabricated from three distinct materials was compared, and parametric optimization was conducted. Experimental verification confirms that the developed ultrasonic motor precisely matches the load characteristics of beam-expanding optics while fulfilling the stringent requirements for both fast response and compact design. This research provides a reference for the miniaturization drive of high-precision optical systems, with promising applications in space optics and precision instrumentation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 15:36:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2742536</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Integrating TCN-Transformer for Damage Evolution Analysis of Asphalt Concrete under Freeze–Thaw Cycles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686600</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, an artificial intelligence-driven distributed fiber optic sensing technology was used to monitor the mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete under different loading forms to address the problem of damage evolution prediction of asphalt concrete. Experiments of static loading, fatigue loading, postdamage unsaturated freezing and thawing cyclic action, and postdamage saturated freezing and thawing cyclic action were designed in order to collect the strain data of the specimens under the four working conditions. Subsequently, the time-series prediction model of the temporal convolutional network-Transformer (TCN-Transformer) was developed to predict the strain distribution of specimens obtained from distributed fiber optic sensors under the four aforementioned conditions. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the TCN-Transformer time-series prediction model in predicting the strain distribution of asphalt concrete under different damage cycles, the root mean square error, the mean absolute percentage error, and the coefficient of determination (R²) were calculated to quantify the accuracy of the model, utilizing the spatial distribution points of the fiber optic sensors as samples for comparing the true values with the predicted values. Subsequently, the performance and prediction capabilities of the proposed model were evaluated across datasets of varying sizes. The performance of the model and the fit of the predicted values to the true values were evaluated for different sizes of datasets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 09:23:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686600</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Key Technologies of Aircraft Flight Test Based on Structural Control</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2732292</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A comprehensive solution integrating advanced sensor technology, structural dynamics models, and intelligent control algorithms is proposed to address the shortcomings of traditional flight testing techniques in monitoring and controlling aircraft structures under complex flight conditions. By establishing precise aircraft structural dynamic equations through fiber optic sensors, an accurate description of the dynamic characteristics of the aircraft structure can be achieved. A distributed structural monitoring system is constructed through FBG to monitor the physical quantities, such as strain and temperature, of key parts of the aircraft in real time during flight testing. Based on the real-time monitoring data, the structural state of the aircraft can be predicted, and the structural response can be actively adjusted by controlling the actuator. The experimental results show that this technology system effectively improves the accuracy of structural monitoring and the effectiveness of control during aircraft flight testing, providing strong guarantees for the safety and reliability of aircraft flight testing, and laying a solid foundation for aircraft structural design optimization and flight performance improvement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:33:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2732292</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Quadrotor UAV Position Accuracy Based on EKF Multi-Sensor Data Fusion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2732256</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operate in urban low-altitude airspace, especially within complex environments, their sensor perception signals are highly susceptible to blockages, deviations, and the inclusion of high-frequency noise. These factors, in turn, induce nonlinear variations in the UAVs’ flight mechanical properties, giving rise to abnormal flight stability issues such as attitude jitter, altitude fluctuations, and trajectory deviations. To address these challenges, this paper puts forward a method aimed at enhancing the positional accuracy of quadrotor UAVs, which is based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) multi-sensor fusion. In conjunction with the redundant configuration of sensors, a proportional-integral controller is specifically designed to allow optical flow sensors to compensate for the speed data generated by inertial sensors. Building on the EKF method, a comprehensive data fusion model is established, encompassing both position and speed states. Leveraging the MATLAB platform, trajectory flight simulations are conducted, utilizing multi-sensor data fused via EKF, with the sensor suite including GPS, IMU, Optical Flow sensors, and Barometers. The simulation results demonstrate that this proposed method can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of environmental interference and sensor noise on the positional accuracy of quadrotors. By continuously correcting position information and accurately estimating position states, it significantly improves the UAVs’ flight position accuracy. This research outcome lays a robust and theoretically sound foundation for in-depth investigations on critical issues related to general aviation applications, such as the safe and efficient autonomous flight, adaptive and reliable intelligent navigation, and ultra-precise and mission-critical operations of quadrotor UAVs, thereby significantly contributing to the sustained and innovative advancement of the field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:33:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2732256</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fiber Optic Sensors in Asphalt Pavements: Investigation of the Sensor and the Asphalt Pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671798</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Implementing fiber optic sensors (FOS) in asphalt pavements provides a wealth of data with multiple applications. Successful integration of FOS into asphalt pavements depends on two key requirements. First, the sensor embedded in the asphalt must withstand the paving process without damage. Second, the cable must neither compromise the performance nor the durability of the asphalt. These requirements were rigorously evaluated in a joint effort between the Technical University of Darmstadt and RINA Consulting S.p.A. Using realistic forces and material temperatures, asphalt samples were compacted and cable functionality and integrity were non-destructively evaluated. Standardized mechanical tests were used to conduct asphalt performance under dynamic loading. Void distribution within the asphalt specimens were evaluated using asphalt petrology techniques. Results confirmed the integrity of nearly all cables tested, with minimal impact on asphalt void content and structure. Mechanical tests provided insight into the durability and performance of FOS-containing specimens.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 16:05:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671798</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Distributed Sensing System Based on FOS Technology for Road Infrastructure Management and Maintenance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671110</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the context of European road transport, where safety is paramount, this paper presents an innovative approach to road infrastructure management and maintenance, exploiting Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) technology for asphalt-paved roads. The work integrates autonomous robotized solutions and modularization techniques, developing a real-time monitoring system using FOS embedded in the road wear layer. Extensive laboratory tests verified FOS parameters and performance, reporting a 100% success rate in surviving to asphalt realization process; functionality tests showcased real-time monitoring capabilities, detecting residual stress during the pavement realization. The already available results indicate the technology’s potential to revolutionize road maintenance, enhancing safety and minimizing maintenance costs, representing a significant stride toward proactive and efficient road infrastructure management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671110</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fiber-Optic Technology for Monitoring Asphalt Roads-Results of a Feasibility Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671034</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Infrastructure operators such as the Autobahn GmbH of the Federal Government in Germany depend on being able to use as much information as possible about the existing infrastructure for planning and maintenance. In addition to the existing non-destructive measurements, monitoring with sensor technology built into the infrastructure can also provide useful information for efficient maintenance planning. As part of a feasibility study, various setups of new developments in fiber-optic sensors were installed in a rehabilitated autobahn section in order to investigate traffic-related information as well as long-term integrity. In addition to temperature monitoring during the road construction, strain and acoustic measurements were recorded and evaluated during defined crossings of traffic. The preliminary results show that traffic relevant information such as the counting of passing vehicles, their velocity, vehicle type and axle load can be derived from the fiber-optic data. Furthermore, the results suggest that relevant parameters about the elastic properties of the roadwork (Young’s Modulus and material fatigue) can be extracted. At the present time, considerable efforts are still required for data preparation and data analysis to apply this monitoring technology permanently. This is the objective of the current and future development stages.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671034</guid>
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