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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
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      <title>FATE OF OIL SPILLED FROM THE SUPERTANKER METULA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/89383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On 9 August 1974, the METULA, a 206,000 deadweight VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) enroute from Ras Tenura, Saudi Arabia to Quintera Bay, Chile, with a load of 195,673 tons of Arabia light crude, ran aground on the Satellite Patch Shoal in the Straits of Magellan, Chile. The oil spill was destined to become the world's second largest as of that time, exceeded only by the famous TORREY CANYON disaster. In terms of oil deposited on the shore, the METULA spill may be the world's largest, since the geography of the area, the prevailing winds, and the nearness of the grounded ship to shore caused most of the oil to reach the Chilean shoreline primarily on the shore of the famous Island of Tierra del Fuego, which forms the southern shore of the eastern half of the Straits. The greatest significance of this spill results from the fact that no cleanup operation was attempted and thus the spill became by default, the world's largest scientific oil spill. This report describes the oceanographic and meteorological setting of the grounding and subsequent spill and discusses the grounding, the resulting spill and the deposition of the oil on shore. An in-depth discussion of fifteen selected sites is presented including environmental features, the deposited oil and its appearance and behavior at different times and the visual impact of the spill. The final section of this report addresses the lessons learned at the time of the spill and subsequently discusses the development of pilot international training efforts to help countries plan to deal with such spills. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>TRAINING AS A FACTOR IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/74613</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A videotape Oil Spill Response Training Program has been developed by NUS Corporation in conjunction with Texaco Inc. to provide industry training for all levels of personnel in the areas of oil spill prevention, planning, and response. The program consists of 23-1/2-hour color videotapes that integrate strong educational principles into the creative videotape medium.  It is structured to permit the inclusion of specific material relative to any facility/installation, and is currently being used by both civilian and government agencies.  This paper addresses the motivation behind and the methodology used in the development of the program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Jul 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>1977 OIL SPILL CONFERENCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/71724</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Papers are presented on the legal and financial aspects, spill prevention and cooperatives, contingency planning, training, monitoring and enforcement, cleanup techniques and equipment, and spill behavior and effects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Jun 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>OIL SPILL CONTROL TRAINING: TEXAS A&amp;M UNIVERSITY'S APPROACH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51856</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Developed initially by Texas A&M's Civil Engineering Department in 1974 through a grant from the American Petroleum Institute, the five-day oil spill control course was subsequently turned over to the Texas Engineering Extension Service for implementation .  Currently the course is offered at facilities in Galvestion, Texas.  Flexibility within the curriculum allows the course to be directed towards non-industry personnel as well as personnel directly involved in oil production.  Techniques current in industrial education, such as the spiral-step method of instruction, are employed throughout the course.  Also, the course emphasizes practical training and is unique in its hands-on capabilities. The curriculum, subject to keen scrutiny, is continuously improved and updated.  Moreover, the success of this program has encouraged the development of other specialized and refresher courses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE SPILL TRAINING AND EDUCATION PROGRAM AT TEXAS A&amp;I - CORPUS CHRISTI</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The object of the week-long Spill Training and Education Program at Texas A&I at Corpus Christi is to enable the student to accomplish the following for the home community. 1) Recognize the exposure to oil spill of the home community.  2) Determine the equipment and techniques necessary to clean up an oil spill.  3) Prepare a contingency plan to meet the needs of the community.  4) Recommend the vehicle needed to carry out the contingency plan.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>CANADIAN APPROACH TO OIL SPILL TRAINING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51858</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The oil industry and governments in Canada are very conscious of the need to initiate and continue training to prevent and control spills. It was believed that such training could be improved if input would be obtained from both sectors in joint productions rater than if each worked independently. Early in 73 the Consortium on Spill Training (COST) was formed. Representation continues to be from industry, and the federal and provincial governments. The purpose of the consortium is to produce spill training aids. Videotape cassettes (3/4-in, 26 min) have been prepared on following: "Spill in a Creek," "Contingency Planning Guidelines," "Public Relations at the Spill Scene," and "Safety at the Spill Scene." In process are "Boom Deployment" and "Shoreline Protection and Cleanup."  A documentary film of a simulated oil spill exercise was prepared.  The improved quality of the aids confirms the advantages of joint rather than independent productions. The training aids are available in English and French at cost.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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