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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7T2lsIGFkZGl0aXZlcyZxdW90OyIgb3JpZ2luYWxfdmFsdWU9IiZxdW90O09pbCBhZGRpdGl2ZXMmcXVvdDsiIC8+PC9maWx0ZXJzPjxyYW5nZXMgLz48c29ydHM+PHNvcnQgZmllbGQ9InB1Ymxpc2hlZCIgb3JkZXI9ImRlc2MiIC8+PC9zb3J0cz48cGVyc2lzdHM+PHBlcnNpc3QgbmFtZT0icmFuZ2V0eXBlIiB2YWx1ZT0icHVibGlzaGVkZGF0ZSIgLz48L3BlcnNpc3RzPjwvc2VhcmNoPg==" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>A Basic Study on Energy-Efficient Electric Vehicle Oils by Applying Oil Film Forming Lubricant Additive (Second Report)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630471</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We have previously developed a new additive (developed FM) that reduces friction in drive units. In this study, we verified the effects of lowering viscosity and friction in Electric Vehicle (EV) oil. As a result, it was found that a combination of lowering viscosity and applying the developed FM is effective for better energy efficiency. Finally, we succeeded in developing an ultra-low-viscosity EV oil that has excellent energy efficiency, while keeping sufficient durability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2026 09:19:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630471</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of High RAP And Babassu Oil Contents on the Mechanical and Economic Performance of Asphalt Mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2653119</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the mechanical performance and economic feasibility of asphalt mixtures incorporating high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents rejuvenated with babassu oil (BO). Asphalt mixtures were produced with RAP contents ranging from 0% to 70% and BO dosages between 0% and 7%. Mechanical behavior was evaluated through indirect tensile strength (ITS), moisture susceptibility (ITSR), resilient modulus (RM), flow number (FN), fatigue resistance, and Cantabrian abrasion loss. Structural performance was assessed using mechanistic–empirical pavement design with the MeDiNa method, followed by a cost-per-kilometer and net present value analysis. High RAP contents significantly increased mixture stiffness, with ITS and RM rising up to 44.7% and 82.8%, respectively, compared to the control mixture. The incorporation of babassu oil effectively mitigated excessive stiffness and enhanced fatigue performance; mixtures with 56%, 63%, and 70% RAP were all classified as fatigue class 4. Moisture resistance improved with increasing BO content, reaching a 6.1% increase in ITSR for the 70% RAP–7% BO mixture, while abrasion loss results confirmed adequate surface durability. Mechanistic analysis showed that high-RAP mixtures with babassu oil enabled reductions in asphalt layer thickness without compromising pavement performance. From an economic perspective, the 70% RAP–7% BO mixture yielded the lowest production and construction costs, achieving savings of up to 73% per kilometer and the most favorable net present value over a 10-year analysis period. Overall, babassu oil proved effective in enabling very high RAP contents while maintaining or improving mechanical performance and substantially reducing costs, supporting sustainable and economically viable pavement solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Jan 2026 10:13:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2653119</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Novel Approach to Reduce Acid Value of Waste Edible Oil Using Nano Calcium Oxide and Its Effect on Asphalt Moisture Susceptibility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Moisture-induced damage remains a critical challenge for asphalt pavements, particularly when bio-oils with inherently high acid values are utilized as sustainable modifiers. Conventional chemical routes for acid value reduction, while effective, are often time-consuming and have complexity for performing in real-scale scenarios, leaving a significant research gap for practical, efficient, and scalable alternatives. This study proposes a novel approach to simultaneously rejuvenate long-term aged asphalt binder (LTAB) with waste edible oil (WEO) and mitigate its acidity using nano-calcium oxide (nano-CaO), aiming to enhance binder–aggregate adhesion and moisture resistance. An optimum dosage of 6.7% WEO was determined based on penetration and softening point tests. Subsequently, nano-CaO was incorporated at 1%, 3%, and 5% dosages through two methods, including pre-mixing with WEO and post-mixing with bio-binder. Chemical analyses showed that pre-mixing nano-CaO reduced the acid value of WEO by up to 78%. WEO alone decreased asphaltenes by 23%, while pre-mixing with nano-CaO achieved a cumulative reduction of 35% relative to LTAB. High-molecular-weight species declined by up to 18%, oxidative indices by ~22%, and colloidal instability index (CII) by 37% (from 1.41 to 0.88, entering stable sol regime <0.9), confirming effective acid neutralization and colloidal stabilization. Performance evaluation revealed substantial improvements: the Moisture-Induced Shear-Thinning Index values increased by 25-35% in pre-mixed samples, while Hamburg wheel tracking tests confirmed a reduction in proportional rut depth percentage (from 30.1% to 4.9%) and more than 71.9% extension of the stripping inflection point, highlighting superior rutting and stripping resistance. Pre-mixing yielded better results than post-mixing, owing to more efficient neutralization and nanoparticle dispersion. These findings establish nano-CaO-assisted bio-oil modification as a cost-effective and sustainable pathway to reduce moisture susceptibility in asphalt binders and mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 17:03:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Used Motor Oil Regeneration Efficiency of Type X Fly Ash–Based Zeolite Alone and Combined with Other Adsorbents</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604483</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research article assesses the used motor oil’s (UMO) regeneration efficiency of a synthetic type X zeolite (siliceous fly ash–based) alone and combined with other adsorbents (composite adsorbents), namely activated carbon, bentonite, and acid-activated bentonite from Goshica’s (Kosovo) region. The UMO treated with the regenerating mixes has run about 20,000 km. Parameters including density, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, and sulfur content were measured in the untreated and treated UMO and compared to those of the reference oil with additives of type SAE 5W-30. All regeneration mixes showed good regeneration efficiency, restoring the UMO’s parameters to almost the original ones of the reference oil with additives (SAE 5W-30). Only the zeolite alone could significantly reduce the sulfur content (removal efficiency 60%). This method deserves further investigation and with some improvements, it can be established as a reliable regeneration method for some UMO.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 09:25:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604483</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Utilizing olive pomace oil and the extrusion of SBS and PVC to enhance the physical and rheological characteristics of asphalt binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2477044</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Polymers and bio-oils have recently become increasingly popular for modifying asphalt binders to mitigate pollution, conserve natural resources, and enhance asphalt binders' efficacy by improving their mechanical properties and overall performance. The primary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of olive pomace oil (OPO) and polymer blend, created with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) using an extruder, in modifying the properties of asphalt binder. The performance of asphalt binder with the OPO and polymer mix as a novel composition to satisfy performance requirements at all temperatures was investigated for the first time in this research. Initially, OPO was substituted into the base asphalt binder at doses of 3 %, 6 %, and 9 % relative to the asphalt binder weight. Based on the rheological (rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS)) and physical tests (penetration, softening point, ductility), utilizing OPO alone in asphalt binder to improve the intermediate and low temperature performance but diminished the high temperature performance. Thus, a polymer blend with 50 % PVC and 50 % SBS was extruded to alter the asphalt binder's high temperature properties. Subsequently, 5 % of the resultant polymer blend was mixed with the specimen containing 6 % OPO, and the rheological and physical tests were performed again on the specimens produced using the modified composition. Based on the findings, adding the polymer blend to the bio-binder raised the binder's softening point and viscosity and lowered the penetration values. Despite the raised shear strength, the polymer blend-containing specimens did not face any operational challenges related to transportation or pumping. According to the rheological tests, incorporating a 5 % polymer blend in the bio-binder promoted the withstand to permanent deformation at elevated temperatures such that the upper limit of the bio-binder's performance grade was increased by 4 degrees (PG 52 was converted to PG 76). Asphalt binder modification with bio-oil and the proposed polymer blend led to a more flexible sample at low temperatures. By reducing the creep stiffness and raising the creep rate of the lower limit, the base asphalt binder's performance grade was improved by two degrees (PG 64–16 was converted to PG 76–28). Overall, the asphalt binders containing polymer blends were more vulnerable to fatigue cracking at intermediate temperatures than the bio-oil-containing specimens, yet all the modified specimens had superior fatigue life than the base asphalt binder.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 11:16:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2477044</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Innovative application of coffee grounds oil as an asphalt modifier: Extraction, preparation, and rheological properties</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2465341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study innovatively utilized coffee grounds oil (CGO) extracted from waste coffee grounds to modify base asphalt, aiming to promote sustainable reuse of coffee waste. The effects of modifier dosage, type, and aging conditions on the rheological properties of asphalt were investigated. After determining the extraction protocol, coffee grounds oil-modified asphalt (CGOA) and waste cooking oil-modified asphalt (WCOA) were prepared and subjected to short-term aging. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzed the modification mechanism, while temperature sweep, frequency sweep, bending beam rheometer, and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests assessed the rheological properties at high and low temperatures. Results showed that before aging, CGO improved thermal stability at medium to high temperatures and enhanced deformation and stress relaxation at low temperatures, though it reduced rutting resistance at high temperatures. After aging, CGOA with a dosage limited to 4 % exhibited rheological properties approaching base asphalt and improved the viscoelasticity of aged asphalt. In comparison, WCOA demonstrated significantly weaker performance, particularly after aging. This study provides practical insights into the novel application of CGO in pavement engineering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Dec 2024 15:27:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2465341</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The influence of rice bran oil and nano-calcium oxide into bitumen as sustainable modifiers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2398708</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bio-oils are increasingly used to enhance petroleum bitumen’s intermediate and low-temperature characteristics regarding their economic and environmental benefits. Research has shown a beneficial impact of nanomaterials on altering bitumen’s high-temperature characteristics. The present study uses a mixture of rice bran oil and nano-calcium oxide to improve the performance of bitumen in all three temperature conditions. Rice bran oil was added to pure bitumen at doses of 3, 5, and 7 % relative to the weight of bitumen. The rheological tests (dynamic shear rheometer, multiple stress creep recovery, linear amplitude sweep, and bending beam rheometer) demonstrated that using rice bran oil in bitumen enhanced its performance at intermediate and low-temperatures but declined its performance at high-temperatures. Therefore, to improve the performance at high-temperatures, the bituminous sample containing 5 % rice bran oil was combined with 1, 3, and 5 % nano-calcium oxide, followed by repeating the rheological tests on them. The samples modified with nano-calcium oxide showed increased friction and shear stress, viscosity, and rutting parameters. Besides, the samples exhibited reduced sensitivity to aging compared to the bio-oil samples. However, the non-recoverable creep compliance and percentage of recovery showed improvements. The fatigue life of bio-oil samples decreased after adding nano-calcium oxide. However, the fatigue life remained higher than the base bitumen sample when adding 1 % nano-calcium oxide. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that a new chemical reaction occurred due to adding nano-calcium oxide to bitumen containing rice bran oil. Besides, the scanning electron microscope image revealed that the nano-calcium oxide particles are uniformly and homogeneously distributed within the bitumen sample containing 5 % rice bran oil. Consequently, the mix containing 5 % rice bran oil and 3 % nano-calcium oxide increases the resistance against high-temperature failures and improves the low-temperature performance compared to the base bitumen sample.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jul 2024 13:54:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2398708</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of waste engine oil and warm mix additive on the physical, rheological, and short-term aging attributes of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber-modified asphalt binders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2396137</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex is used widely to increase the low-temperature resistance of asphalt binders. However, the high content of butadiene copolymer in SBR-treated asphalt causes oxidation and aging. Furthermore, following the SBR modification, the compatibility and thermal storage stability of SBR-modified asphalt is not satisfactory. Therefore, the best approach to improve the quality of short-term aged SBR-modified asphalt is to lower the manufacturing temperatures of the SBR-modified asphalt mixture. In this study, to reduce the preparation temperatures of SBR-modified asphalt mixes and improve their performance after short-term aging, several additives i.e., waste engine oil (WEO), warm mix agent i.e., ZycoTherm, and WEO/ZycoTherm combination (WEO+ ZycoTherm) were selected. The rheological properties and aging performance of binder samples were evaluated through the rational viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests. The results showed that adding WEO together with ZycoTherm into an SBR-modified binder contributed to reducing the compaction and mixing temperatures. The chemical analysis showed that the three additives i.e., WEO, ZycoTherm, and ZycoTherm/WEO declined the aromaticity and chemical aging indicators of aged SBR-modified binders. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that both the ZycoTherm and WEO/ZycoTherm improved the asphalt resistance to rutting at elevated temperatures in both conditions i.e., before and after short-term aging. In addition, the findings revealed ZycoTherm /WEO compound yielded the best performance to improve the minimal-temperature cracking resistance of the SBR-modified binder, resulting in lower short-term aging temperatures. In summary, this study highlights the necessity of lowering preparation temperatures in asphalt mixes containing SBR to enhance binder resistance to rutting and cracking and reduce susceptibility to oxidation during short-term aging.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jun 2024 14:11:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2396137</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Heavy Duty Engine Lubricants for a Global Market: Formulating a Global Additive Technology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1787739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Regulations reducing emissions worldwide are the driving force behind the trend to converging diesel engine design strategies among manufacturers. This results in common engine lubricant performance and the need for a global performance platform for diesel engine lubricants. This paper chronicles a multi-year project that defined a diesel engine lubricant platform to meet global Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) requirements. The design of the additive chemistry required to achieve the platform targets is described. Demonstration of the performance capabilities of the new technology in engine tests that constitute international specifications and field testing is also discussed. The results suggest that formulating a heavy duty diesel engine oil to meet a variety of worldwide lubricant requirements results in a more robust formulation, outperforming oils designed to meet only regional requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 08:40:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1787739</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Contribution of Oil Traction to Diesel Engine Cam Galling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1791569</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Heavy Duty diesel engines typically use roller followers in contact with the cam to reduce friction and accommodate high Hertzian stresses. When the rolling contact slips into sliding, cam galling can occur that may lead to major cam failures. Oil traction has been identified as a possible source to cause slipping. In this study, oil traction was first measured in a Mini Traction Machine (MTM). The results were then validated by a series of engine tests to show that the measured oil traction correlated with the occurrence of cam galling. Finally, the MTM was used to evaluate various engine oil formulations. It is concluded that some advanced base oils, if not properly compensated by the additive package, exhibit dangerously low oil traction. Oil traction needs to be part of the oil formulation considerations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2023 12:07:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1791569</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on the optimal biomass oil content of biomass oil emulsified asphalt based on permeation performance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2277214</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As a prime coat material, emulsified asphalt has an effective consolidation effect on the semi-rigid base layer, biomass oil can effectively increase the penetration depth, but its content will also lead to the loss of bonding effect when it is too large, so the optimal biomass oil content needs to be further determined. In this paper, based on the theory of drying film formation of emulsified asphalt, molecular dynamics simulation and experimental methods such as viscosity test, contact angle test and maximum particle accumulation rate test were used to investigate the wetting performance indexes of emulsified asphalt particles with different biomass oil contents in the particle filling stage. Further the formation time of the maximum stacking rate of particles and the stabilization time of the relative concentration of emulsifiers in the drying film stage were also studied. The biomass oil emulsified asphalt has the best penetration performance when the ratio of biomass oil/asphalt is 1:3. In this dosage, emulsified asphalt can not only ensure that in the pre-construction can penetrate into the aggregate in a certain depth of penetration, to ensure that the construction effect of the early stage, and also in the later stage can reach a deeper depth of penetration, and thus better consolidation and strengthening of cement stabilized gravel base.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Nov 2023 09:25:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2277214</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating the Properties of Bioasphalt Produced with Bio-oil Derived from Biodiesel Production</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973836</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Environmental concerns are conditioning all processes that use hydrocarbon products, building awareness for a more sustainable environment through products called bio. In this scenario, it is also the production of bitumen, where the substitution of part of the bitumen by bioproducts is a contribution to the sustainability of the environment. Bio-oil, which is currently used for burning with the purpose of producing energy, can be used to modify the bitumen, producing a bio-asphalt. Trying to contribute to sustainable development, this paper presents an initial analysis of the feasibility of using bio-oil in the production of pavement bitumen. One base bitumen was used, namely, residue of asphalt. The tests were carried out for physical characterization of the bio-bitumen, namely the penetration, the softening point, and the Brookfield viscosity, as well as its rheological characterization in which the dynamic shear modulus and the phase angle were evaluated. The bio-oil content, by weight, varied from 2 to 10% for the residue of asphalt. It was verified that the base bitumen, namely the residue of asphalt, can be softened significantly due to the bio-oil. The bio-oil content of 6% added to the residue of asphalt produces a bio-binder with physical behaviour similar to a conventional 35/50 pen asphalt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Nov 2023 15:01:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973836</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of olive pomace and SBS modified bitumen to the performance characteristics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2238127</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigated the applicability of olive pomace (OP) waste, a biomass waste, in bitumen modification. The OP modification was compared with styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) modified bitumen, which is widely used in asphalt modification, in terms of performance and cost. The OP and SBS binders were tested with conventional and rheological experiments. For this, modified asphalt binders were obtained by adding OP (wt. 4, 8, 15, 19, 25, 30%) and SBS (wt. 4, 4.5%) to pure B 50/70 penetration bitumen. The conventional test results of OP and SBS modified bitumen are close to each other, both modified bitumen decreased the penetration and temperature sensitivity of pure bitumen and increased the softening point. According to rheological test results, it was seen that the critical OP ratio was obtained from the 19% OP addition, and the critical SBS ratio was obtained from the 4% SBS addition and they exhibited the same performance grade. Then, for the hot mix asphalt (HMA) design, the optimum bitumen content was determined according to the Marshall method by using aggregate and B 50/70 pure bitumen, 19% OP, and 4% SBS modified bitumen. The effects of OP and SBS-modified bitumen on the mechanical properties of HMA mixtures were evaluated using Marshall stability tests. It could be said that OP-modified bitumen behaves like a more elastic solid at high temperatures, due to its lower penetration and higher softening point than pure bitumen. It has been observed that 19% OP additive provides an improvement, especially in rutting resistance, fatigue, and thermal crack resistance and 19% OP modified binder can be considered as an alternative to 4% SBS modified binder in general in terms of performance and cost. As a result, it is evaluated that OP can be used as a remedial additive in asphalt modification and contribute to the increase of pavement performance, and also that the damage of this waste material to the environment can be eliminated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Sep 2023 11:06:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2238127</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fuel Economy Gains with Modern Technology, SAE 5W-20 Engine Oils in a GM Engine as Measured in the EPA FTP Test</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1790934</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Gains in fuel economy with modern technology, SAE 5W-20 engine oils (GF-3 quality) in two identical 1998 MY Buick Centuries equipped with the 3.1L engine were measured in the EPA FTP test. These oils resulted in 1.0-2.2% gains in combined fuel economy (average 1.5%) over a typical GF-2 quality SAE 5W-30 oil. No significant gains in FE were observed during the cold transient portion of the FTP test. Engine oil temperatures were also reduced by 1-2°C with the SAE 5W-20 oils compared to the SAE 5W-30 oil. Of the two test oils, the one formulated with a Mo-type friction modifier additive was about 0.5% more fuel-efficient than the one formulated with an organic-type FM additive. Of the two vehicles, the one with the inherently poorer FE performance showed higher gains (expressed as percent improvement in FE) with the SAE 5W-20 oils than the other vehicle. Potential carry-over FE effects were observed with the oil containing the organic-type FM additive, but these effects were not verified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Jun 2023 09:49:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1790934</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soot &amp; Acid Control in Diesel Lubricating Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1801965</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Soot and combustion by-products are acidic and create serious challenges for the buffers in engine lubricating oil additive packages. Diesel engines, utilized in a wide variety of operating modes, have shown that the Neutralization Number (NN) of the engine oil can decrease below the Total Base Number (TBN) threshold of 2.00 mg/g HCL (0.1N), which is one indicator commonly used to signal an oil change prompt. Current model engines may utilize retarded injection timing, and Exhaust Gas Re-circulation (EGR), to reduce oxides of nitrogen emissions. This configuration generates higher soot levels than an engine electronically managed for peak performance output. Soot is also abrasive, causing increased cylinder and ring wear, and can increase oil viscosity as the concentration increases. Therefore, to optimize the performance of the engine lube system, it is desirable to enhance the function of the oil additive package and remove soot as a contaminant, either of which can extend oil drain intervals and improve operational uptime.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Jun 2023 09:38:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1801965</guid>
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