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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>EXTRABOARD SCHEDULING, WORKERS' COMPENSATION, AND OPERATOR STRESS IN PUBLIC TRANSIT: RESEARCH RESULTS AND MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/269870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of a year-long study of practices associated with employee absence in the transit industry are reported. The research focused on three subjects: extraboard scheduling, workers' compensation, and occupational stress. An extensive review of prior research was conducted, and new data about both organizational policies and employee attitudes within California transit agencies were collected by mail surveys and analyzed statistically. Twenty-one organizations and 1,039 operating employees from within California responded to the surveys. The research indicated that most organizations use judgmental methods for determining the size of the extraboard and that these methods are likely to result in extraboards that are either too large or too small. Strong relationships were identified between workers' compensation experience and equipment design and maintenance practices. Occupational stressors were strongly correlated with self-reported health outcomes and job attitudes. Suggestions are offered for managerial actions that would mitigate some of the problems identified by the research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:57:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/269870</guid>
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      <title>BUS DRIVER IN THE CITY. AN OCCUPATION WITH HIGH RISK TO HEALTH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/209742</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Some epidemiological studies which underline the theory of an extra ageing of bus drivers are discussed.  The importance of the major stress factors of this occupation is discussed.  A study made by the author is concerned with severe stress effects on drivers who have already undergone the ageing process for some time.  Finally some critical notes on the new tariff plan for public transport in the Netherlands are given.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Oct 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/209742</guid>
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      <title>ACCIDENTS OF BUS DRIVERS - AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY. PART I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/192011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Results of an analysis of traffic accidents of bus drivers of a regional bus company in the western part of the Netherlands are described.  It was assumed that the occurrence of a traffic accident could contain information about possible effects of the task performance of a bus driver, and of the conditions of this task, on the man.  The accident study contains two parts.  The following hypothesis was the basis for the project.  The performance of an occupational task had a cumulative effect on the individual performing this task; the nature of this effect is determined by characteristics of the task itself, of the environment (of which the task forms an integral part) and by individual qualities of the task performer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Oct 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/192011</guid>
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      <title>REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO BUS OPERATOR STRESS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/188874</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bus drivers must not only have vehicle operating skills but must also be able to deal effectively with the public. Training and discipline may not overcome psychological factors and resultant stress may lead to other job-related problems. At present no single method of selecting or training bus operators with respect to psychological stress is considered generally acceptable by transit agencies. NCTRP Project 33-1 is to produce an evaluative method or questionnaire to be part of the bus-driver-selection process, as well as a training module to help drivers deal with stressful situations and another module for supervisors that will enable them to recognize stress symptoms. Preliminary findings of the literature review for this project are given in this digest. This review is presented in 3 parts: (1) Occupations stress in general; (2) Stress specifically associated with bus drivers, and (3) Existing stress measurement instruments. Although the final products of Project 33-1 will be issued later, the literature review does provide an advance indication of the nature and potential applicability of those products.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Apr 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/188874</guid>
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      <title>FATIGUE IN PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/187376</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report deals with research into the fatigue of professional bus drivers in Belgrade.  Two methodological approaches were applied to two independent groups of drivers: a psychophysiological test before and after driving, and a continuous registration of pulse frequency during driving.  The psychophysiological test included the following biochemical tests before and after driving: adrenalin, noradrenalin, 17-ohcs; the physiological test included ear temperature, arterial blood pressure, sight tests for accommodation and convergency of the eyes; psychological tests for sight and audio reaction time, and subjective change of fatigue.  This group of tests was applied to a group of 24 bus drivers who drove on five city routes of public transportation.  The examination was carried out in the autumn (September-November) and there was no rain.  The average age was 33 and the average years of driving were 10.  Working time per day was 7 hours.  The examination of pulse frequency was carried out by electrocardiocorder on 7 drivers. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/187376</guid>
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      <title>WORKING ENVIRONMENT OF PROFESSIONAL BUS DRIVERS: SEAT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/187382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this report a literature survey and a series of experiments are presented.  In the first experiment the variations in the position of the seat, with repeated adjustments from the same and different initial positions, were studied.  In the second experiment an attempt was made to establish how many, which and in what sequence, adjustments were made.  In three experiments the natural relation between design/location and functioning/operation of the seat controls was studied. The last experiment is a study of the experience of necessary forces of operation for the seat controls.  In two appendices a summary of physiological and anthropometrical recommendations from the literature are given. (A) (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/187382</guid>
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      <title>WORK ENVIRONMENT FOR BUS DRIVERS. EXHAUST GASES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/187381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Different techniques for reducing the extent of contamination of the working environment of bus drivers in urban traffic have been investigated.  An elevated air intake reduced the average level of the contamination in the driver's area by about 5-15 per cent.  The use of an air-cleaning filter (purafil), however, gave hardly any improvement at all.  Intake of the bus's own exhaust during door openings was significant at certain directions of the wind. (A) (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/187381</guid>
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      <title>WORK ENVIRONMENT FOR BUS DRIVERS - A SUMMER CLIMATE STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/187383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The thermal environment for bus drivers has been studied during normal Swedish summer temperatures.  Data have been collected mainly in city and suburban buses with passengers. The results show that the drivers during sunny summer days (20 - 25 deg C) work under conditions, which are far from temperature comfort (air temperatures greater than 30 deg C and radiation temperatures greater than 45 deg C).  The results also indicate that there are risks of a decrease in the performance, but hardly any health risk. Based on the results some suggestions for improvements are discussed. (A) (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/187383</guid>
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      <title>PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND ACCIDENTS AT WORK WITH BUS DRIVERS IN "AUTOPREVOZ" BANJA LUKA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/187377</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Research into psychosocial factors that differentiate between professional bus drivers (employed in the working organization "Autoprevoz" in Banja Luka) which have few accidents from those that have many accidents, shows that these factors are related to adaptability to the work and also to hypersensitivity.  Adequate procedures when selecting persons for this profession could probably reduce the number of accidents at work with the drivers in "Autoprevoz". (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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