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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Government Plans for Lorry Road-User Charging in the UK: A Critique and an Alternative</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/783015</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The British government was planning to introduce a system of road-user charging for lorries in 2008. In July 2005, it decided to abandon these plans and incorporate the development of a charging scheme for trucks into a future road pricing system for all categories of traffic. This paper examines the objectives of the proposed lorry road-user charging scheme in the UK and argues that the government's plans for LRUC would have been inappropriate. An alternative method of road-user charging for lorries is proposed which would meet the main objectives of LRUC at much lower cost, disruption and risk and act as an interim measure until it is possible, technically and politically, to introduce general road pricing in the UK.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jul 2006 08:11:42 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>OVERVIEW OF IMPLEMENTED SYSTEMS AND MULTI-APPLICATION SMART CARDS IN EASTERN EUROPE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/744727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the following points: 1. General information about conditions for smart cards systems on the Central Eastern European (CEE) market; 2. Why Traffic operators decide for smart cards systems; 3. Short introduction about working systems with smart cards in the 3 cities in Poland, 2 in Slovakia and 2 in Czech; 4. Typical structure of working systems; 5. Different view for the tariff structure and different expectations for payment (in advance or check in - check out); 6. Solutions made for occasional travellers (one way paper tickets, onboard vending machines); Expectations from passengers, operators and authorities side; 7. Multi-application systems (connection with school cards, parking payments, banking system etc); 8. Political and social environment; and 9. Future for CEE market.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Nov 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>UNICOCAMPANIA AND UNICOCAPRI: THE CONTACTLESS EXPERIENCES IN REGIONE CAMPANIA ITALY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/744733</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The CONSORZIO UNICOCAMPANIA manages the fare system of the transport service run on the whole territory of the Region Campania, Italy, by all the thirteen existing public transport companies. The carrying out of the fare integration has made possible to develop the UNICOCAMPANIA automatic and smart ticketing system, definitively abandoning the paper support and currently adopting a mixed system, both magnetic for occasional users and contactless for subscribers. The application of the contactless technology finds the top accomplishment on the isle of Capri. The author, engineer and director of the CONSORZIO UNICOCAMPANIA, implemented, as inventor and planner, the fare integration and the electronic ticketing system called UNICOCAPRI. The three transport companies on the island use exclusively CTS low cost electronic tickets for tourists and occasional users, while the contactless GTML smart card is conceived for inhabitants and commuters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Nov 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>EFFICIENTLY DEALING WITH "OCCASIONALS" IN A PURE CONTACTLESS SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/744734</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On the way to a pure Contactless Access Control system, "dealing with the occasional travelers" turned out to be of the more "vexing" issues - even more than solving the technical riddles attached to "low cost fare media". Working on it, it quickly appeared that occasional travelers were not the problem, but that people buying "one at a time" were, all the more as they do not fit in a single mold. On the technical side the author figured that, in order to fit that segmentation a range of "medium" had to be proposed. The condition for the parallel deployment of that range of medium is that they all have to use the same standardized hard and soft interface. In order to resolve that issue technical, fare and marketing actions are to be taken.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Nov 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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