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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Design of distributed cooperative observer for heavy-haul train with unknown displacement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1467360</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Acquiring the relative displacement of adjacent vehicles when designing a distributed controller for a heavy-haul train is a critical issue. As heavy-haul trains run in complex, varying environments, the relative displacement of adjacent vehicles may not be measured accurately. To address this issue, this study proposes a distributed cooperative observer to estimate the relative displacement among train vehicles. First, a mass-point elastic-coupled dynamic model is constructed to capture the relative displacement of a heavy-haul train, and the complex model is further decomposed into a series of reduced double integrators. Then, a distributed cooperative dynamic observer is designed for each reduced double integrator. State information is shared via communication among neighbouring observers to accurately estimate the relative displacements of the vehicles under system noise. The convergence of the cooperative observer error is analysed using a Riccati equation. Finally, the performance of the closed-loop heavy-haul train control system combined with the cooperative observer is rigorously evaluated using real parameter settings of Shuohuang Railway in China.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jun 2017 14:15:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1467360</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrated active control of independently rotating wheels on rail vehicles via observers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1458398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the well-known difficulties are that feedback signals are not easy and economical measurement in practice for active control, this paper presents a study of state estimation for active control of independently rotating wheels (IRW) based on observers. The reduced-order observer and high-order sliding mode observer are used to provide reliable and accurate estimations of the wheel pair state and track curvature using practical sensors. This proposed method uses less sensors than the one of previous studies. Furthermore, lateral accelerator and yaw velocity sensors (gyros) are economical and available for active steering and stability control system to obtain the required feedback signals. The wheels’ relative rotational speed, track curvature and yaw angle of wheelsets are the feedback signals for IRW active control approach. Computer simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of proposed methods and assess control performance in stability and negotiation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 May 2017 09:36:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1458398</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Adaptive side slip angle observer using simple combined vehicle dynamics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1352564</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the authors propose a new adaptive side slip observer using a simple combined vehicle dynamics. Though there are many ways to estimate the side slip angle, some problems still exist in the popular estimation techniques based on the kinematic model, the dynamic model, and the combined kinematic-dynamic model. Therefore, the authors propose the adaptive side slip observer. A combined model of linearized roll motion and lateral vehicle dynamics was used to involve the roll motion in the second-order lateral vehicle dynamics. Furthermore, a time delay was also applied to the combined model, reflecting the reaction time between the steering angle and the side slip angle. The authors designed an H sub ∞ discrete-time slip angle observer using linear matrix inequality to reduce the infinite norm between a set of disturbance inputs and the estimation error. The performance of the proposed method was validated via simulations and experiments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2015 12:42:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1352564</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HEADLIGHT GLARE AND MEDIAN WIDTH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/111058</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SUMMARIZATION IS MADE OF SEVERAL EXPLORATORY STUDIES EMPLOYING DIFFERENT METHODS OF STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIAN WIDTH OF HIGHWAYS AND THE DISABLING EFFECT OF OPPOSING MOTOR VEHICLE HEADLIGHT GLARE. INSIGHTS WERE SOUGHT INTO THE FACTORS WHICH WERE OPERATING AND THE METHODS WHICH WOULD BEST DETERMINE THOSE RELATIONSHIPS. BOTH LATERAL SEPARATION AND LONFITUDINAL DISTANCE BETWEEN GLARE VEHICLE AND OBSERVER WERE VARIED. SOME LIMITED MEASUREMENTS OF OF DISCOMFORT DUE TO GLARE WERE MADE]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/111058</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE VARIETY OF WAVE CONDITIONS ENCOUNTERED BY SHIPS SAILING IN THE SAME SEA ZONE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391222</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Continuing a discussion, in a previous report, of wind and wave conditions encountered by 59 voluntary ships in the Pacific Ocean over the six-year period 1967-1981, this report further analyzes the data and concludes that the coefficient of variation of the maximum wave load on a ship operating in the same sea zone as the voluntary ships is between 18 and 22 per cent and that the value increases in proportion to ship size.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391222</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MARINER REPORTS (MAREP)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395037</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An important mission of the National Weather Service is the provision of marine weather warnings and forecasts. This paper describes the system that enables forecast formulation, including data sources, the volunteer observer ship program, and Mariner Report program (MAREP).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395037</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WATCH OUT FOR NELSON EDDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395967</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The participation of the tanker EXXON JAMESTOWN in the Volunteer Observing Ship Program that extends the reach of oceanographic research beyond what can be accomplished with research vessels alone, is described. The focus is on the ship's capability to assist in investigating the formation of rotating masses of ocean water called "eddies" whose currents can pose a threat to deepwater oil operations, and to measure those currents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395967</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RADIO STATIONS ACCEPTING SHIPS' WEATHER AND OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/399595</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This manual is an international listing of radio stations authorized to accept weather and oceanographic observations from ships. It also provides a list of U.S. Coast Guard communications stations receiving marine observations via single side-band, supressed carrier radiotelephone.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/399595</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VOLUNTEER OBSERVING SHIPS AND THE U.S. GOVERNMENT--A WINNING PARTNERSHIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/401352</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS) program is a partnership between various U.S. government agencies (including the National Ocean Service, U.S. Navy, Coast Guard, and the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) and the maritime industry. The key to the VOS program is the cooperation of nearly 1500 volunteer ships that collect and transmit timely, accurate marine observations from the world's oceans. Data gathered through the VOS program are received at the National Prediction and Archive Centers and aid the entire maritime industry by improving marine forecasts and services. The partnership is not limited to U.S.  ships, but extends to vessels of other nations as well.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/401352</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE RTCM SC-65 RADAR COMMITTEE'S IMPACT ON MERCHANT MARINE OFFICER TRAINING AT MITAGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/148421</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper brings out some of the important advantages to the Mariner in his training in having radar displays that meet the performance specifications of special committee 65, for ships 1,600 gross tons and over.  All of the 16 inch radars in the MITAGS ship radar navigation simulator meet these specifications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/148421</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RADAR INSTRUCTION MANUAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/43436</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This third revised edition of the Maritime Administration's Radar Manual has been prepared for instructional aid and guidance for the seafarer who is preparing to either upgrade, recertify or sit for an original license.  This updated manual incorporated the latest approved methods of radar collision avoidance plotting.  The text has been prepared in layman's language to the extent possible with the intent being to convey to the student, whether in class or through self study, the correct use of radar as an instrument of safety.  The latest in theory, operation, rapid radar plotting and minor equipment maintenance are used.  The Manual is divided into nine Chapters covering: (1) A Short History of Radar; (2) The Legalites of Radar use; (3) General Characteristics and Operation of Radar; (4) Characteristics of Radar Propagation; (5) Plotting; (6) Transfer Plotting, using the Rapid Radar Plotting Technique; (7) Transfer Plotting Problems; (8) Direct Plotting; and (9) Radar Navigation.  A bibliography and Glossary is included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Feb 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/43436</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RAPID RADAR PLOTTING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/43392</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A clearly written, step-by-step explanation of how to use the Rapid Radar Plotting method instead of using maneuvering board plotting sheets.  The new method teaches plotting directly on the radar scope or reflection plotter which provides a speed triangle rather than a distance triangle using a relative motion plot.  Seven separate work problems or tests and their answers are included to help the student develop proficiency and understanding of this method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/43392</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RADAR OBSERVER COURSE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/43320</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The manual is divided into eight chapters: (1) Provides an introduction to radar, its history, basic principles and theory; (2) Covers the characteristics of radar signal propagation and the effect of weather on radar performance; (3) Discusses interpretation of the radar display, mechanical and electrical phenomena, target characteristics and the use of radar as an aid to navigation; (4) Describes the controls and operation of radar sets as well as maintenance and safety precautions; (5) Reviews the Rules of the Road and their application to radar in collision avoidance; (6&7) Introduces the student to radar plotting, the use of plotting sheets and procedures as well as practical ploting problems, and chapter (8) Covers rapid radar plotting techniques.  An appendix provides a glossary of radar terms as well as excerpts from USCG Annex 169 to the Rules of the Road.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 03 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/43320</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RADAR OBSERVER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/43372</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This course was developed and designed solely to prepare the mariner to demonstrate his qualifications on the U.S. Coast Guard examination for an endorsement as a "Radar Observer."  The authors have gathered their information from many different sources: H.O. Pub. No. 257, C6-101, C6-191, H.O. Pub. No. 9, H.O. Pub. No. 220, Radar Instruction Handbook (Maritime Administration), information from former students, as well as a combined total of over 50 years many different sources: H.O. Pub No. 257, CG-101, CG-191, to explain all the theoretical and technical aspects of radar.  However it is felt that the basic theory and operational procedures required are more than adequately covered in order to prepare the candidate for his examination.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/43372</guid>
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