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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Durability and PSO-CZM parameter inversion of Fe-SMA/steel adhesive joints under coastal service condition of a practical bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2593439</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cost-effective iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) has shown great potential for infrastructure strengthening via bonding techniques. However, the degradation of adhesive layers in service environments remains a critical factor affecting the effectiveness of reinforcement systems. Despite this, experimental studies on the durability of Fe-SMA/steel adhesive joints under natural aging conditions are still limited. This study experimentally investigates the shear behavior of Fe-SMA/steel adhesive joints after one-year natural aging under coastal service conditions of Chong'qi Bridge in China, evaluating their ultimate loads, failure modes, and load-displacement curves. An innovative hybrid computational framework based on the ABAQUS-MATLAB iterative interface, incorporating a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, is developed to inversely identify cohesive zone model (CZM) parameters from experimental data. A Bayesian hierarchical framework combined with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is employed to establish a probabilistic model for ultimate load degradation. The results indicate that after one-year natural aging, the ultimate loads of Type-A and Type-B specimens with a 50 mm overlap length decrease by 68 % and 24 %, respectively. Based on the PSO-CZM parameter inversion, the maximum error between the ultimate loads predicted by numerical modeling and the experimental results is 11.00 %. The exponential degradation model integrated with a hierarchical Bayesian framework accurately predicts the ultimate loads of adhesive joints, with a maximum prediction error of 13.04 %. The findings, which integrate performance degradation, data–model hybrid-driven parameter inversion, and a hierarchical Bayesian model, establish a robust data-driven and theoretical foundation for enhancing the resilience of Fe-SMA-bonded reinforcement systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Oct 2025 17:02:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2593439</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fe-SMA prestressed strengthening of damaged transverse hinge joints in hollow slab bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2584180</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The hinge joint is crucial for enabling transverse load transfer between slab beams in hollow slab concrete bridges. However, cracking damage in hinge joints is a common issue. This study proposes a novel transverse local prestress strengthening method using self-prestressing iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) bars to repair damaged hinge joints. To validate the method, a scaled model (1:4) comprising six hollow slab beams was constructed, with artificial damage introduced into one hinge joint. Load tests were conducted to evaluate lateral load distribution patterns before damage, after damage, and post-repair using the proposed method, followed by an ultimate failure test. A finite element parametric analysis was also performed. Results indicated that before damage, transverse load transfer between slab beams was efficient. After hinge joint damage, load transfer efficiency dropped significantly, and the lateral load distribution factor (LLDF) and strain transverse distribution factor (STDF) exhibited irregular variations under different loading conditions. Following repair, LLDF and STDF distributions became more uniform, exceeding the initial state. Moreover, the transverse connection stiffness of the repaired hinge joint surpassed its original condition, and the relative displacement between slab beams decreased by 20.1–85.4 % under loading. Finite element parametric analysis revealed that reducing Fe-SMA bar spacing and increasing recovery stress could further improve repair effectiveness. The findings confirm that the proposed Fe-SMA-based transverse local prestress method effectively restores and strengthens damaged hinge joints, significantly enhancing the transverse connection in hollow slab bridges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 10:34:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2584180</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental investigation on seismically deficient RC bridge columns strengthened with prestressed vertical Fe-SMA plates and confined with CFRP wraps and UHPFRC jacket</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2528655</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the experimental investigation of a novel prestressed flexural strengthening system employing Fe-SMA plates utilized vertically on both sides of seismically deficient RC columns to enhance their lateral cyclic response. In addition, passive confinement using CFRP and UHPFRC jackets, alongside the vertical Fe-SMA plates, were incorporated to determine their further effect on Fe-SMA strengthened columns. The study included four columns. One column was strengthened in flexure only using vertical Fe-SMA plates along the column’s potential plastic hinge length. The other two columns also received the same Fe-SMA flexural strengthening system, in addition to CFRP and UHPFRC jacketing, which was applied to each column separately. The last column was left unstrengthened for comparison. The vertical Fe-SMA plates were heated above 250℃ to induce high recovery stresses, averaging around 308.61 MPa, thereby creating vertical prestressing effects on both sides of the columns. A quasi-static lateral cyclic loading was subjected to all columns. The flexural strengthening system employing vertical prestressed Fe-SMA plates successfully increased the column’s lateral strength, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation capacity by 35.32%, 21.33 %, and 72.60 %, respectively. The addition of CFRP and UHPFRC jacketing further increased the aforementioned parameters considerably. Furthermore, the vertical Fe-SMA plates played a major role in improving the column’s recentering ability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Apr 2025 17:08:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2528655</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Application of a Chemical Inhibitor in an Effort to Prevent the
          Scaling of Ferrous Carbide</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2483021</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The properties of organic nitrate ester that inhibit scale formation were                     investigated in order to acquire a better understanding of ferrous carbide                     precipitation from supersaturated solutions. When the scale inhibitor was                     present, precipitation rates were much lower than when it was missing, even at                     very low concentrations. When the temperature and time are increased                     simultaneously, more scale is deposited. The effect of nitrate ester on scale                     deposition demonstrates that the inhibitory dosage is relatively low at low                     temperatures but rapidly increases when exposed to high temperatures. The                     inhibitor is thought to alter the shape of the first crystals by binding to                     dynamic growth sites and inhibiting the threshold level of development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 11:53:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2483021</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters for Invar 36 Material Using TOPSIS Method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474895</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a contemporary method that is extensively employed for intricate machining operations, especially in materials with high hardness and intricate shapes. Invar 36, a nickel-iron alloy known for its minimal change in size with temperature and consistent dimensions, poses distinct difficulties in the process of machining because of its specific properties. This study explores the process of optimizing WEDM parameters for Invar 36 material by adopting the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. The study involved conducting experimental trials to analyze the influence of significant machining variables, such as pulse-on time, pulse-off time, applied current, on performance indicators such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra). The Taguchi based TOPSIS method was utilized to analyze the problem of multi-criteria decision-making and determine the most favorable parameter configurations. The results obtained shows the efficacy of the TOPSIS method in pinpointing the most advantageous combinations of parameters for improving the efficiency of machining and the quality of the surface of Invar 36 components. The implemented optimization method offers a structured framework for enhancing the efficiency of WEDM processes, specifically in hard to cut materials such as Invar 36. This study enhances the comprehension of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Invar 36 material and offers appreciated perceptions into the optimization of variables, which can be applied to various machining applications. Manufacturers can enhance efficiency and quality in the machining of complex components made from Invar 36 and similar materials by utilizing the TOPSIS method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 09:57:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474895</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization and ANFIS Predictive Modeling of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining for Invar 36 Material</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474890</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a highly accurate machining approach that is well-known for its capability to create intricate forms in materials with high levels of hardness and intricate geometries. Invar 36, a nickel-iron alloy, is extensively utilized in industries that demand exceptional dimensional stability across a wide temperature range. The objective of this exploration is for optimizing the WEDM parameters of Invar 36 material. Additionally, a predictive model called Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) will be developed to forecast the machining performance. The study involved conducting experimental trials to analyze the influence of crucial factors in WEDM. These parameters included pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff), and current. The objective was to examine their influence on key performance indicators such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra). The methodology of Design of Experiments (DOE) enabled a systematic exploration of parameters. A predictive model using ANFIS was created to forecast machining performance by utilizing input parameters. The model was trained using empirical data to accurately capture the intricate correlations between process variables and output responses. The outcomes clearly demonstrated that the ANFIS predictive model was highly effective in accurately predicting machining performance for WEDM of Invar 36 material. The model offers valuable insights on the ideal parameter configurations to maximize machining efficiency and surface quality. This study enhances the comprehension of WEDM for Invar 36 material and provides a useful tool for optimizing the process. Manufacturers can improve machining productivity and quality in precision engineering applications by utilizing the ANFIS predictive model, thereby promoting the wider use of WEDM technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 09:57:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474890</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters for Invar 36 Material Using Regression Modeling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474889</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is an advanced method of machining that provides distinct benefits in machining materials with high hardness and intricate geometries. Invar 36, a nickel-iron alloy with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, is widely used in the aerospace, automotive, and electronic industries because of its excellent dimensional stability across a broad range of temperatures. The main objectives are to optimize the machining parameters and create regression models that can accurately predict the key performance indicators. Experimental trials were performed utilizing a WEDM setup to machine Invar 36 under various machining conditions, such as pulse-on time, pulse-off time, current setting percentage (%). The machining performance was evaluated by measuring the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra). The design of experiment method (DOE) was utilized to systematically investigate the parameter space and determine the most effective machining settings. Regression models were constructed utilizing statistical methodologies to corroborate correlation amid independent factors and output metrics, enabling accurate prediction of machining performance. This study enhances the comprehension of WEDM of Invar 36 material and offers valuable insights into how machining parameters affect the results of the process. The empirical relationship that have been developed for providing a beneficial tool for optimizing the WEDM variables and improving the effectiveness of the machining process, while also ensuring that the preferred surface quality is achieved in components made of Invar 36. This research promotes the utilization of WEDM as a practical manufacturing method for Invar 36-based applications, thus contributing to progress in precision engineering and materials processing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 09:57:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474889</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hinge joint performance in hollow-core slab bridges transversely strengthened with local near-surface mounted iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) bars</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2454638</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hinge joints provide key lateral connections within hollow-core slab (HCS) bridges, providing load transfer between adjacent beams. However, hinge joints are prone to cracking, which is a common problem in HCS bridges. Therefore, the present study proposes a novel technique for transverse strengthening of hinge joints by utilizing locally near-surface mounted (NSM) Fe-SMA bars, based on the self-prestressing mechanism of iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs). To verify the feasibility of the strengthening technique, 13 slab beam-hinge joint specimens are prepared and loaded under a flexural-shear load in combination with digital image correlation (DIC) tests. The test series encompasses two quantities of Fe-SMA bars (one and two), two activation lengths (100 mm and 200 mm), and three activation temperatures (non-activated, 200 ℃, and 400 ℃). The generated self-prestress level for the strengthening technique is investigated based on experimental data. The results indicate that the strengthening technique can effectively enhance the lateral connection of adjacent HCS beams and the mechanical behavior of hinge joints. Increasing the quantity of Fe-SMA bars and the activation temperature can significantly increase the cracking load, crack penetration load, and ultimate load of hinge joints. Activation lengths of 100 mm and 200 mm have a limited effect on strengthening. At 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ activation temperatures, the effective prestresses based on analysis are 277 ± 19 MPa and 411 ± 21 MPa, respectively.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2024 10:39:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2454638</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Strengthening, lifetime extension, and monitoring of a deficient steel–concrete composite roadway bridge using iron-based shape memory alloys</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2458772</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents an innovative application of smart metals for the prestressed strengthening of roadway bridges. The target structure is a steel–concrete composite bridge, in which poor construction practices cause nonlinear creep, excessive deflection, and crack growth. However, the high flood water level of the creek below the bridge limits the application of conventional strengthening solutions. Therefore, an innovative strengthening method using iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) bars for the post-tensioning of bridge members was designed and employed. The study framework encompassed the design, laboratory examination, installation, and monitoring of Fe-SMA reinforcements. A finite-element simulation was used to estimate the effect of applied prestressing on the stress distribution of the structure. High-cycle fatigue tests of Fe-SMA bars with different types of connections at room temperature and –20 °C, were conducted to select the most reliable connections. A total of approximately 825 m of Fe-SMA bars with a diameter of 18 mm, comprising 68 Fe-SMA bars, were installed and activated. A wireless sensor monitoring system consisting of strain gauges, potentiometers, linear-variable differential transformer sensors, and thermocouples was utilized to measure the changes in strain and stress of the designed system under field conditions. The results revealed a prestress loss of 8.5 % owing to relaxation after six months, which match well to the values obtained by the laboratory tests. A second static loading test was conducted approximately six months after strengthening, and the results indicated a 9 % reduction in mid-span deflection and a remarkable 106 % reduction in average stresses in the lower flange at the mid-span of the beams. The results of monitoring the bridge for a duration longer than 6 months highlighted a significant decrease in the mid-span deflection and indicated the potential of Fe-SMAs for the lifetime extension of bridges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2024 10:39:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2458772</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization and Characterization of Ferrochrome and Recycled Concrete Aggregate Mixes for Pavement Base Layers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2442145</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Utilizing alternate aggregates is crucial for conserving resources, promoting sustainability, and managing waste effectively. The focus of the current study was the utilization of ferrochrome aggregate (FCA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in cement-treated base layers with the objective of entirely replacing natural coarse aggregate (NCA). The study meticulously prepared cement treated recycled and ferrochrome aggregate (CTRFA) specimens with 3%, 5%, and 7% cement content. These specimens incorporated varying blends of RCA and FCA, ranging from 0% to 100%. Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the mixes by considering strength and durability criteria for cement treated bases (CTB). Microstructural characterization was aimed to explore aggregate surface roughness, mortar hardness, mineral phases, cracks, and elements within the matrix. The outcomes of optimization revealed that the optimal mixture, meeting the specifications of the Indian Road Congress, could be achieved by substituting 61% RCA and 39% FCA with 4.8% cement content.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Nov 2024 15:26:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2442145</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>On-site Fe-SMA strengthening of floorbeam cutout cracks in steel bridge deck</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2405343</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Multiple actual bridges have found various fatigue cracks originating from the edge of arc-shaped floorbeam (FB) cutouts in orthotropic steel bridge deck (OSD). Therefore, it is of great benefit to develop an effective reinforcement method to repair such cracks. In this work, a novel iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) strengthening technique on cutout cracks was proposed and practically employed to the OSD of a cable-stayed steel bridge in China. Based on crack inspection in the field, stress behaviors at the cracked FB cutouts were studied through field measurement. Then the effects of drilling stop-hole and bonding Fe-SMA on the stress response under the passing vehicles were investigated. Furthermore, the fatigue performances around cutout details before and after reinforcement were also evaluated based on stress-life approach. The results show that the stress concentration position shifts from the crack tip to the stop-hole edge after drilling, and the hole edge still exhibits high stress response and severe stress concentration under wheel load. Further bonding Fe-SMA plates on the basis of stop-hole can provide better reinforcement effect. Compared to the traditional stop-hole method, the attachment of Fe-SMA plates on the cracked FB cutouts performed well in reducing the local fatigue stress ranges at the hole edge. The retrofitted cutout was expected to endure an infinite number of cycles without failure since all stress ranges fell below the constant amplitude fatigue limit (CAFL), in case of the integrity of the strengthening system. Furthermore, thermally activated Fe-SMA can provide beneficial compressive stresses at the hole edge to prevent crack initiation, which facilitates to extend the service life of the cracked cutout detail. In summary, it is recommended to repair the cutout cracks in FB web by combining the bonded Fe-SMA plates with stop-hole method as soon as the cracks are found.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Aug 2024 09:40:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2405343</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proactive strengthening of U-rib butt-welded joints in steel bridge decks using adhesively bonded Fe-SMA strips</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2310955</link>
      <description><![CDATA[U-rib butt-welded joints are one of typical fatigue-prone details in early aging orthotropic steel bridge decks, which poses a potential threat to the structural behavior and safe operation of steel bridges. Therefore, it is of great importance to seek out an effective way for retrofitting fatigue cracks. This study proposes an efficient prestressing technique using bonded iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) to strengthen cracked U-rib butt-welded joints proactively. A series of static and fatigue tests were conducted on the cracked specimens to investigate the feasibility and fatigue improvement of the proposed technique. Results from the experiments demonstrated that applying prestressing force by heating Fe-SMA strips is a convenient and reliable technique. Activated Fe-SMA strips could introduce significant compressive stresses and provide additional stiffness for the cracked components. This led to a reduction of the mean stress and fatigue stress ranges at the U-rib butt-welded joints under cyclic loading. All the cracked specimens strengthened with adhesively bonded Fe-SMA strips presented excellent fatigue performances, with a maximum equivalent fatigue life extension of 4.09 times compared to the specimen before cracking. Numerical simulation was also performed to better understand the test results. It was demonstrated that prestressed Fe-SMA strengthening could decrease the mode-I stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip, indicating the beneficial effects of the prestressing in retarding crack and its further propagation. In conclusion, the use of adhesively bonded Fe-SMA strips for strengthening cracked butt welds is highly effective in improving the fatigue performance, even better than bonding CFRP.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Mar 2024 16:02:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2310955</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Investigation into the Heat Deformation of a Powder-Metallurgical
          Iron- Aluminium-Chromium Alloy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348423</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Powder metallurgy of 3065IS temperature and strain rate were only two of the                     variables used to investigate the higher permeability of an iron alloy. A strain                     rate vs. stress plot revealed a critical value. This demonstrated that the                     functioning of the alloy was comparable to that of other materials in its class.                     We used a transmission electron microscope to examine the microstructure of                     routinely twisted materials to determine particle characteristics and                     precipitate distribution. This allowed us to gain a better understanding of the                     internal workings of materials. Using constitutive equations, we investigated                     the link between temperature and stress. This study's findings were incorporated                     into equations describing the material's high thermal behaviour, and a modified                     version of the cosec equation was used to analyse this reliance. Effective                     stress was defined as the distinction between actual stress and a present limit.                     It has been shown that the presence of ferrous particles and deposited inter -                     metallic phase may result in a continuous threshold stress that changes with                     temperature. The temperature of a material influences the stress applied to                     it.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2024 16:07:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348423</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Impacts of Fly Ash Particles on the Zinc Aluminum Casting Alloy
          and Its Mechanical Properties</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fly ash is a light byproduct produced when pulverized coal is burnt in                     suspension-fueled furnaces in power plants. Separating the recovered fly ash                     from the exhaust gases. Due to its distinct physical and chemical properties, it                     is utilized in a wide variety of industrial and building applications. These                     applications include the production of cement and concrete, the stabilization of                     liquid waste, and hydraulic mining backfill. Fly ash has the potential to                     enhance the physical and mechanical properties of aluminum castings, as well as                     reduce their costs and increase their densities, all while lowering their                     prices. This research investigated the effect of fly ash incorporation on the                     mechanical properties of the aluminum casting alloy ZA8. Investigated were the                     cast and heat-treated varieties of unreinforced ZA8 and its metal matrix                     composite of 15% ferrous, 20% nickel, 10% fly ash, and 10% magnesium carbide.                     According to the results, the quantity of fly ash in the melt affected the                     tensile and impact properties of the metal matrix composite. The loss of                     magnesium atoms in the matrix, which contributes to the strength of solid                     solutions, and porosity both contribute to the lower mechanical properties and                     impact resistance of the metal matrix composite.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2024 16:07:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348398</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanical Stir Lap Welding of Ferrous and Nickel Coated Steel: The
          Significance of the Ferrous Coat</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348388</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ferrous deuteroporphyrin cast Fe alloy and nickel-coated steel were lap                     welded successfully using the mechanical stir welding process. It was able to                     weld junctions with full strength and fracture on the base metal side of                     nickel-coated steel during the welding process, but ferrous alloy and nickel                     steel could not be welded together. It was proposed that the joining technique                     and function of the Ni coating be used in the friction stir lap welding of                     Ni-coated steel and aluminum alloy. The Ni coating improved both the weldability                     of iron and steel, resulting in the production of a Fe-Ni eutectic structure                     with a low melting point at the interface of the two materials. It is possible                     to successfully fuse steel and ferrous metals together.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2024 16:07:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348388</guid>
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