<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Observing the snow and ice properties over the Labrador shelf with helicopter-borne Ground-Penetrating Radar, Laser and Electromagnetic sensors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1353048</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During March 2009, a unique data set was collected with helicopter-borne sensors from the Labrador shelf. For the first time a Ground-Penetrating-Radar (GPR) provided snow thicknesses and complemented the Electromagnetic-Laser (EM) and Video-Laser data sets to explain the ice and snow properties of the land-fast and mobile ice covers. Ice and snow thickness data were collected with helicopter-borne EM and GPR sensors along shoreward flight paths and video data with a video-laser system along seaward flight paths. A total of 550km of ice and snow thickness profile data was collected and a total of 550km of video data. As indicated by the RADARSAT-2 image, four distinct ice thickness regimes were seen. Offshore, small wave-broken floes existed with a very homogeneous 1.2m modal thickness. Inshore of this region, large floes were observed with the same modal thickness of 1.2m but having a larger thickness variability. Areas of open water and thin ice were seen offshore of the rough outer region of the land-fast ice. The GPR data showed that offshore the snow thickness appeared thinner as snow was continually blown from the ice into leads between the floes where it stimulated the formation of frazil ice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2015 11:00:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1353048</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PASSIVE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS OF SNOW AND SOIL. A STUDY OF THE THEORY AND MEASUREMENTS OF THE MICROWAVE EMISSION PROPERTIES OF NATURAL MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/119044</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:10:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/119044</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ENGINEERING AND DESIGN: ICE ENGINEERING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/731552</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This manual provides a general coverage of the field of ice engineering as it pertains to the responsibilities of the Corps of Engineers. For convenience, it is divided into three parts: first, "Ice Properties, Processes, and Problem Solution"; second, "Ice Jams and Mitigation Measures"; and third, "Winter Navigation on Inland Waterways". This manual does not address the environmental impacts of ice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Apr 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/731552</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF ICE TECHNOLOGY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442833</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The exploitation of cold regions and ice-infested waters in the Arctic region will become more important because of the abundant underground resources in the area.  Ice technology is essential to the development of structures and devices used particularly in ice-infested waters, and the evaluation of ice forces is important in the design of such structures.  In order to accumulate information on ice force evaluation a series of fundamental studies were carried out including an investigation of sea ice, field tests on ice force estimation technology and ice tank tests using model ice.  Additionally extensive studies on theoretical estimation methods using FE Analysis were carried out and efforts made to improve evaluation technology.  This paper gives an outline of these studies to establish and improve ice engineering, especially ice force evaluation technology. Further, it introduces the concept design of a floating storage barge system and a bottom founded arctic structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442833</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRESSURE-MELTING OF ICE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437284</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The pressure-melting curve of ice is often found in literature dealing with ice problems. This curve originates from the excellent experimental works of G. Tammann (1903) and P.V Bridgman (1912). The method used means that ice at constant temperature is submitted to an external pressure. When increasing the pressure a sudden volume change occurs, the pressure-melting point is reached. Results from their works are summarised in this paper. In this study water was confined in a pressure tank. When cooled, the ice formed created a pressure increase in the ice-water mixture. The measured results are in good agreement with earlier measurements. The method can easily be adapted for other substances than water.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437284</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENT OF SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MODEL ICE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434571</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An innovative sensor to measure the spatial variation of ice-electrical properties has been designed and a prototype constructed. The sensor is an intimate sensor; it must be close or preferably in contact with the ice. The device is able to distinguish the electrical properties of the ice sheet as a function of depth into the ice. The resulting profile of properties can be used for many purposed ranging from simple thickness estimates to a prediction of the volume fraction of water as a function of depth. The paper presents a brief description of the instrument and the immediate application of the device, non-destructive characterisation of ethylene glycol/aliphatic detergent/sugar (EGADS) model ice as well as future research directions. Opportunities for extending the use of the device to other applications for ice or other insulating materials are outlined. The possibilities of real-time ice-accretion monitoring and quality control in the manufacturing of polymer materials are of great interest.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434571</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE SEA ICE MECHANICS INITIATIVE (SIMI)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/446631</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Sea Ice Mechanics Initiative (SIMI) is a five-year U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research program.  The main SIMI field experiment was in the Beaufort Sea from September 1993 through April 1994, with numerous other small field experiments, laboratory experiments, and modelling efforts.  The goals of this program are to understand sea ice constitutive laws and fracture mechanics over the full range of geophysical scales, to determine the scaled responses to applied external forces, and to develop physically-based constitutive and fracture models.  About twenty principal investigators are working to achieve these goals along with their associates.  The SIMI experiments include ice stress, strain, strength, tilt, motion, temperature, and response to controlled load experiments.  This work will provide new ice information for loads on structures and for Arctic operations, both private and government.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/446631</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF BRACKISH ICE FROM THE BAY OF BOTHNIA DURING THE BEPERS-88 EXPERIMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438331</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Field observations made during the March 1988 BEPERS remote sensing experiment allow limited characterisations of the temperature, salinity, structure and physical property profiles of the brackish ice that forms in the Bay of Bothnia. Ice thicknesses varied from 40-60 cm. Ice salinities were generally less than 1%. Comparisons are made between the properties of ice from the Bay of Bothnia and those of more typical sea ice from the Arctic Ocean at similar ice thicknesses. A variety of structural factors contributing to specific areas of high radar return in the Bay are also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438331</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VARIATION OF ICE PROPERTIES IN AN ICE AREA OF 1 X 2 KM IN THE GULF OF BOTHNIA, MARCH 1988</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438333</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During the Bothnian Experiment in Preparation for ERS-1 (BEPERS-88), snow and ice thickness, salinity, density, crystal shape and ice strength were investigated. In a rectangular area of 1 x 2km, data from 12 stations is presented. The area covered level-ice, several pressure ridges and a belt of rafted and hummocked ice. The origin of the ice is discussed based on information given from vertical thin sections at different stations. Index values of ice strength were obtained from pressuremeter tests performed at six drilled holes at each station. The presence of weak ice in the area is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438333</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEA ICE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438769</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A numerical analysis of seasonal variability of the Young's modulate E and ice flexural strength is given on the basis of theoretical and experimental data, obtained in recent years. The calculations are  made for 6 sea ice age gradations: 10-30cm, 30-70cm, 70-120cm, 120-200cm 200-300cm, and more than 300cm. The effect of volumetric ice porosity (concentrations of salt inclusions) on seasonal variability of the Young's modulus is shown and a comparison of calculations with experimental data is given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438769</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY ON ICE PRESSURES ACTING ON ICE-BREAKER BOW - PART 1: TRIAXIAL STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SEA ICE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441458</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441458</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ADHESION OF ICE TO POLYMER MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438122</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The object of this study was to investigate the adhesive shear strength between ice and pure polymers. The experimental work was concentrated to the adhesiveness of ice on rubber. A literature survey showed that the usual approach to handling icing problems seemed to be to alter the chemistry of the surface. The dependence on surface roughness and texture was only briefly mentioned. The experimental work was focused on icing on rubbers and the dependence of icing on surface roughness/smoothness. Different rubber vulcanisates containing only polymer and curing agent (peroxide) were tested with regard to wettability and interfacial shear strength. The effect of different grades and amounts of carbon black was also studied. The wettability was determined from contact angles measured on carefully cleaned mirror smooth rubber sheets and expressed as a hydrophilicity number. The highly hydrophobic behaviour of different plant surface textures have also been investigated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438122</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF ICEBREAKER PERFORMANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/446381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Small scale experiments on the icebreaking performance of vessels or on ice forces against offshore structures have been carried out for more than 20 years.  The model ice material used for these tests has changed over the years and has always been an issue of dispute.  This paper describes procedures of simulating the icebreaking performance of vessels and presents results of model and full scale experiments.  While the correlation was good for certain types of vessel, it was unsatisfactory for others.  As a result, a new model ice was developed and the brittle failure properties of this are described in detail.  The development of numerical methods for icebreaking resistance prediction and analysis is also described. The new information provided by the numerical models is briefly discussed in view of its capability to complement traditional ship model tests in ice and to assist in icebreaker hull design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/446381</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONTRIBUTION TO THE EVALUATION OF THE FORCES AT ICEBREAKING WITH PARTICULAR CONSIDERATION OF THE ANISOTROPY OF ICE AND ITS FAILURE PROPERTIES UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESSES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For the numerical analysis of icebreaking problems, a planar isotropic elastic-plastic material model is described which represents the mechanical properties of columnar-grained sea-ice-like model ice. The failure criterion is considered to be quadratic and dependent on temperature, total porosity and strain rate. Its shape allows for the description of the strength dependent on hydrostatic stress. In a case study on columnar-grained urea-doped model ice it is investigated if and to what degree useful results can be achieved with this material model. The case study is subdivided into three sections: 1) evaluation of the material model coefficients for urea-doped model ice by means of uni-axial and multi-axial strength testing. 2) nonlinear finite element analysis on deformation and yield behaviour of two geometrically different model ice covers based on the material model and the above coefficients 3) verification of computed results through load testing of two model ice covers. Strong and weak points of the material model are analysed based on the comparison between tests and computation. Paths of further improvement are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437683</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ICEBREAKING PERFORMANCE FROM MODEL SCALE TESTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/446382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Progress in determining icebreaking performance from model scale tests is being achieved through a better understanding of the underlying processes.  Scaling relationships for full-scale and model- scale ice properties are given, and the implications of these for correlating ship data in level ice are examined.  The compressive strength of ice is shown to be more important than the elastic modulus in determining the total energy loss in cusp formation, which has important implications for ice resistance.  Hull-ice friction results show increased friction under ice crushing conditions, and the importance of modelling ice with the correct density is demonstrated. With increasing concern about navigation in non-level ice conditions, advances in the physical modelling of ridged, rubble, pressured, and snow-covered ice are reported.  Recent evidence indicates that hydrodynamic forces during propeller-ice interaction can be of the same magnitude as ice forces.  Finally, a large amount of work has been carried out on conical structures, and numerical approaches used to predict forces on such structures are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/446382</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>