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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7SW9uJnF1b3Q7IiBvcmlnaW5hbF92YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7SW9uJnF1b3Q7IiAvPjwvZmlsdGVycz48cmFuZ2VzIC8+PHNvcnRzPjxzb3J0IGZpZWxkPSJwdWJsaXNoZWQiIG9yZGVyPSJkZXNjIiAvPjwvc29ydHM+PHBlcnNpc3RzPjxwZXJzaXN0IG5hbWU9InJhbmdldHlwZSIgdmFsdWU9InB1Ymxpc2hlZGRhdGUiIC8+PC9wZXJzaXN0cz48L3NlYXJjaD4=" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Asymmetric ion transfer orchestration in mechanically self-adaptive stratified solid electrolytes enabling bipolar interface compatibility for solid-state lithium metal batteries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679322</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The compatibility of solid-state electrolyte (SSE) with high-voltage cathode and lithium metal anode in terms of transfer kinetics and mechanical properties is crucial for the performance of high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal battery (SSLMB). However, monophase polymer and ceramic, as well as their composites, often fail to meet the disparate requirements of both electrodes due to inadequate ion transfer and mechanical confinement. Herein, a novel bilayer SSE composed of fast-ion-transfer layer (poly (vinylidene fluoride)/succinonitrile/UiO-66-NH₂/LiFSI, PSUL) and ion-transfer-rectifying layer (ITRL) is designed to accommodate the differentiated requirements of electrodes. We demonstrate that UiO-66-NH₂ additive disrupts the symmetry of poly (vinylidene fluoride) chains, increasing polarity and further lowering the migration barrier of complexed [Li (DMF)ₓ]⁺. The preferential coordination of succinonitrile with Li-ion facilitates the desolvation process, creating more transfer pathways. Additionally, the enhanced adhesion of PSUL favors the stability of interfacial Li-ion transport and assists in mitigating the interfacial resistance. These synergistically enable fast and stable Li-ion flux in obtained electrolyte. Meanwhile, ITRL dominated by UiO-66-NH₂ triggers satisfactory Li-ion transference number and homogeneous flux, combined with outstanding Young's modulus against punctures, imparting the electrolyte with uniform Li plating/stripping behavior. Therefore, compatible bilayer solid electrolyte enables the realization of high-energy-density SSLMB with excellent cycling stability when being assembled as LiNi₀.8Mn₀.₁Co₀.₁O₂/Li cell.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:44:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679322</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Feature-Enhanced Ensemble Learning for Accurate Capacity Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries using Partial Discharging Segments in Initial Stage Based on Second-Order Voltage Derivatives</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643327</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Accurate and rapid capacity estimation is essential for efficient battery management in industrial settings particularly for cell grading, pack assembly, and second-life screening where throughput, cost, and energy efficiency are paramount. Conventional approaches require complete discharge cycles, leading to testing times of several hours per cell, which severely limits scalability and increases operational costs. To address this bottleneck, this paper proposes a fast capacity estimation method for battery capacity grading in the production process, which utilizes only the early-stage voltage measurements within the first 300-480 seconds of the initial discharge cycle during cell grading to accurately predict the cell’s nominal capacity, enabling reliable battery capacity grading within minutes instead of hours. Although real-world grading data from production lines are often inaccessible, this first-cycle setup serves as a well-controlled surrogate that replicates key aspects of factory-based capacity labeling. The method exploits early-voltage transients that encode degradation-sensitive electrochemical signatures such as lithium inventory loss and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) evolution arising from microscopic changes in charge-transfer resistance and ion transport dynamics. From this short window, the authors extract physically interpretable health indicators (HIs) that reflect underlying aging mechanisms. A nonlinear feature enhancement strategy is then applied to amplify subtle capacity-related patterns while suppressing manufacturing-induced variability. These engineered features feed into a Multi-Decision Ensemble Learning (MDEL) architecture, which adaptively fuses multiple regression pathways to improve robustness across diverse cell chemistries and aging stages. Evaluated on both in-lab cells, the public CALCE and MIT dataset spanning fresh to end-of-life capacity conditions, the proposed approach achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of ≤0.0391 Ah (≤1.63% of nominal capacity), which is comparable to the methods with complete cycle data while reducing testing time by over 80%. This enables reliable capacity assessment in minutes rather than hours, offering a practical, scalable solution for high-throughput battery manufacturing, precise pack matching, and rapid second-life qualification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 08:53:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643327</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Detection and Assessment of Sulfates in the Pavement Subgrade</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ability to accurately detect sulfates in an existing subgrade has been a major challenge for Indiana Department of Transportation's (INDOT’s) pavement maintenance and rehabilitation projects. Although naturally occurring sulfates in soil pose a significant construction challenge, detecting sulfates in an existing subgrade may be problematic and costly, given that the presence of sulfates could result in expensive treatments or even removal of the subgrade. The project evaluated the performance of the ITM-510 test, a colorimetric test method utilized by INDOT to detect sulfates in soils. Soils collected from different Indiana road construction projects and two ASTM reference soils were treated with lime and lime kiln dust and tested for sulfates after being cured for 7 and 28 days. The sulfate content obtained from the ITM-510 test was compared with levels obtained from the ion chromatography (IC) test, an analytical test method used to separate, identify, and quantify ions in solution. Test results indicated that ITM-510 was adequate for identifying the presence of sulfates and for providing accurate values of sulfate concentration at < 5,000 ppm sulfate concentrations. For larger concentrations, the errors may be large. It was also found that about 3% sulfate concentration in lime products can raise the sulfate concentration of lime-treated soils by as much as 2,000 ppm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Aug 2025 09:07:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576323</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mixed Ion-Electron Conducting LixAg Alloy Anode Enabling Stable Li Plating/Stripping in Solid-State Batteries via Enhanced Li Diffusion Kinetic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441740</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Although showing huge potential in prospering the marketplace of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs), garnet-type solid electrolytes (Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.6O12, LLZTO) are critically plagued by interface instability with Li anode and the vulnerability to Li dendrite, which are attributed to poor Li diffusion kinetic in bulk Li metal. Herein, a LixAg solid solution alloy with high Li diffusion kinetic is reported as a mixed ion-electron conductor (MIEC) alloy anode. The high Li diffusion kinetic stemming from a low eutectic point and a high mutual solubility of LixAg could reduce the Li concentration gradient in the anode, regulate Li electrochemical potential, and change the relative local overpotential for Li stripping/plating in the anode. Notably, Li stripping/plating prefers energetically at the LixAg/current collector interface rather than the LLZTO/LixAg interface. Therefore, the contact loss is avoided at the LLZTO/LixAg interface. As a result, excellent cycling stability (∼1200 h at 0.2 mA cm-2), and dendrites tolerance (critical current density of 1.2 mA cm-2) are demonstrated by using LixAg as anode. Further research has elucidated that those alloys with low eutectic temperature and high mutual solubility with lithium should be focused on, as they would provide and maintain a soft lattice and a high lithium diffusion rate during composition change. This provides a basis for the selection of alloy phases in negative electrode materials, as well as their application in garnet-based ASSLMBs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Oct 2024 13:22:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441740</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The influence of polymer powder on the ion transportation and antierosion mechanism of cement mortar: From experiments to molecular dynamics simulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2297199</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the main product of hydration reaction of common Portland cement, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel is a porous gel system containing capillary and gel pores. These channels act as transport channels for water molecules and ions in the cement system. The diffusion of water molecules and ions through C-S-H gel channels has significant effects on the strength, shrinkage, creep, chemical and physical reactions of the cement system. Polymer can modify cement-based materials and improve their ionic permeability resistance. In this study, emulsified asphalt powder (EAP) and vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer (VAE) redispersible polymer powder was added into the Portland cement mortar as admixtures, respectively. The influence of redispersible polymer powder on the transportation and erosion mechanism of ions in cement mortar was investigated by analyzing the pore structure, compressive strength ratio, chloride ion permeability depth and micromorphological of cement mortar. The adsorption and diffusion behaviors of ions with different concentrations and water molecules were explored by molecular dynamics simulation, and the physiochemical reactions between ions and hydration products during the transport process in cement-based materials were comprehended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Dec 2023 08:46:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2297199</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Laboratory evaluation on performance of emulsified asphalt modified by reclaimed ion exchange resin</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2087244</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The cold recycling technology using emulsified asphalt (EA) as the binder reduces the high pollution and high energy consumption of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement. However, the poor bonding ability and high temperature deformation resistance of EA limit its application. To improve the performance of EA and reduce the pollution of waste ion resin to the environment, this study used reclaimed ion exchanged resin (RIER) to modify EA and analyzed its performance through laboratory tests. Firstly, the ionic characteristics and basic properties of reclaimed ionic resin-modified emulsified asphalt (RIEA) were tested. In addition, the rheological properties of evaporation residues of reclaimed ionic resin-modified emulsified asphalt (RIEA) were tested by Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The interaction effect of RIER and evaporation residue of EA were analyzed by PalierneC model. After that, the adhesive properties and tensile properties of RIEA mixtures were characterized by boiling test and splitting test. Finally, the microscopic physical and chemical properties of RIEA evaporation residue were tested by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). The results showed that RIER improved the stability of RIEA. The conductivity of EA increased by 294 % and the Zeta potential increased by 36 % when the RIER content was 30 %. Meanwhile, the penetration degree and ductility of RIEA evaporation residue were decreased, the softening point of that were increased. The Brookfield viscosity of EA with 30 % RIER content increased by 181 %, the dynamic viscosity increased, and the adhesion performance was improved. In addition, the complex shear modulus (G*) and rutting coefficient (G*/sinδ) of RIEA evaporation residue increased, while its phase angle (δ)decreased. The PalierneC interaction model exhibited that the interaction of EA and RIER showed different temperature responses with the change of loading frequency. The indirect tensile strength (ITS) of RIEA mixture was improved by adding RIER, and its value reaches the maximum value when the amount of RIER added is 30 %. RIER and EA are tightly bound in microstructure, and they interweave to form a glue-linked structure. FTIR results show that, the RIEA evaporation residue exhibited new absorption peaks at 1793.4 cm−1, 1302.1 cm−1, 876.0 cm−1, 806.1 cm−1 wavenumbers indicating a chemical reaction between them.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:31:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2087244</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cycle-by-Cycle Soot Estimation in Diesel Engines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1827994</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Estimation of soot in real time would help in the development of engine controls during engine production to meet the emissions goals and for on-board diagnostics. This paper presents a new approach to the estimate the soot emissions from the ion current measured inside the cylinder during engine operation. The investigation was carried out on a 4.5L heavy duty, turbocharged diesel engine. The glow plug was modified to act as an ion current probe, in addition to its main function. Algorithms were developed for the ion current signal to estimate the soot formed on a cycle-by-cycle basis. A comparison was made between the estimated soot emissions and measurements made by using an opacity meter under steady state as well as under transient engine operating conditions. In this research, a non-linear multiple regression model (NLMR) was used to estimate soot percentage from the ion current signal. The ion current signal acquired in each cycle was analyzed, and a number of characterization parameters were determined then the parameters were used as inputs to the NLMR model. In addition, a sensitivity analysis for these parameters was made in order to achieve soot estimation with high accuracy. After the regression was computed, the NLMR model was tested at various engine operating conditions. The results showed a fairly good agreement between the predicted and measured values.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Apr 2022 17:06:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1827994</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental study on the correlation between the partial and total salt content in saline gravel using ion chromatography</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1755572</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Soluble salt content is one of the most basic and important characteristics of saline soils. It dominates the physical properties of saline soils and governs the selection of remedial measures on the sites. Failing to determine the total salt content of coarse-grained soils may bring potential salt-induced problems in railway and highway infrastructures. However, the existing measurement methods of salt content fail to determine the total salt content of gravel, consequently hindering the theoretical analysis of the mechanisms associated with salt content in the gravel. To address the need for determining the total salt content of gravel, a relationship between the partial and total salt content of gravel has been developed through a theoretical model, which has then been simplified to make it more readily applicable. Gravel samples with different types of soluble salts (sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and potassium chloride), fine pure soil content (15%, 25%, 35%, and 45%), and sieving attributes (sieve size = 1, 2, and 5 mm), were tested for partial salt content using ion chromatography. The test results show that the partial and total salt contents are significantly correlated, and that a sieve with a pore size of 5 mm exhibits the most conducive results. The occurrences of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride have limited influence on the distribution and measurement of each other as the total salt content is relatively small. The calculated ratio z of the salt passing rate to that of fine pure soil lies within a relatively narrow band with varying salt types, fine pure soil content, and sieve sizes. For a known partial salt content, the total salt content of the gravel can be approximately estimated by the theoretical model through empirical values of z, or more accurately predicted by the proposed new calibration method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2020 09:36:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1755572</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on Thermal Degradation Characteristics of Ion Exchange Resins of Fuel Cell Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1704522</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The thermal degradation of ion E/R (ion exchange resin) has been investigated in the pure water generation power plants, but not in electric power generation in Fuel Cell Vehicle (FC-V). Electric power generation fuel cell uses its coolant water of 50wt% ethylene glycol (EG). When EG degraded in the heated condition, ions elute in the coolant. This ion elution reduces the ion E/R performance through reduction of its capacity. This paper describes the effect of thermal degradation of ion E/R in FC-V.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2020 09:43:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1704522</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Non-saturated ion diffusion in concrete - A new approach to evaluate conductivity measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1681620</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Non-saturated ion diffusion properties of cementitious materials were evaluated in an experimental study. To assess these properties, resistivity measurements have been performed on mortars with different binders (ordinary Portland cement - OPC, OPC with 5% silica fume, 40% slag and 70% slag, respectively) and different water-to-binder ratios (w/b, 0.38 and 0.53). Specimens have been conditioned to eight different climates with relative humidity (RH) from 100% to 33% RH in order to assess an effective diffusion coefficient. The results from the resistivity measurements have been corrected for changes of the conductivity of the pore solution when drying to different degrees of saturation. The diffusion coefficients for Portland cement binders within the range 100-59% RH are presented. They showed that the diffusion coefficient of the mortar with high w/b ratio was higher at high RH, but at low RH the opposite trend was found. By comparing these results with the corresponding desorption isotherms, it is shown that the diffusion coefficient for the two w/b ratios have the same dependency on the degree of saturation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2020 16:15:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1681620</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Study of Chloride Diffusion Properties of Mortar Mixed with Ion-Exchange Resin</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1599257</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The durability of concrete structures is increasingly being compromised by corrosion of the steel reinforcement resulting from chloride attack. Although mortar containing a nitrite compound is often used in repair work to inhibit corrosion, a harmless and more economical material is sought. The authors investigated adding an ion-exchange resin (IER) to mortar as a possible way to remove chloride from old concrete. IERs, which are widely used in water purification, are capable of exchanging chloride ions in aqueous condition. The anion exchange capacity of an IER in cement solution is experimentally investigated. Then, two chloride diffusion experiments, one involving immersion and drying cycles and the other inverse diffusion from a mortar substrate, are carried out with IER mortar. Chloride profiles are determined by titration and the chlorine distribution is visualized. The results confirm that the IER accelerates chloride diffusion in the mortar as a result of its ability to exchange chloride ions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Jun 2019 09:41:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1599257</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of adsorbent and ion exchange resins for removal of organic matter from petroleum refinery wastewaters aiming to increase water reuse</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1599845</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The oil refinery industry seeks solutions to reduce its water uptake and consumption by encouraging the reuse of internal streams and wastewater from treatment systems. After conventional treatment the petroleum refinery wastewater still contains a considerable quantity of recalcitrant organics and the adsorption on activated carbon is currently used in Brazilian refineries, although it is still expensive due to the difficulty of its regeneration. This study evaluated the use of adsorbent and ion exchange resins for the removal of organic matter from refinery wastewater after conventional treatment in order to verify its feasibility, applying successive resin regenerations and comparing the results with those obtained for activated carbon process. Adsorption isotherms experiments were used to evaluate commercial resins, and the most efficient was subjected to column experiments, where absorbance (ABS) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal were measured. The adsorption isotherm of the best resin showed an adsorptive capacity that was 55% lower than that of activated carbon. On the other hand, the column experiments indicated good removal efficiency, and the amount of TOC in the treated wastewater was as good as has been reported in the literature for activated carbon. The regeneration efficiency of the retained organics ranged from 57 to 94%, while regenerant consumption ranged from 12 to 79% above the amount recommended by the resin supplier for the removal of organic material from natural sources, showing the great resistance of these recalcitrant compounds to desorption. Finally, an estimate of the service life of the resin using intermediate regeneration conditions found it to be seven times higher than that of activated carbon when the latter is not regenerated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2019 09:30:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1599845</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Suppression of Alkali Silica Reaction Using H+-type Geopolymer</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1514598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An H+-type geopolymer powder was prepared by grinding a Na+-type geopolymer hardened paste and processing it with sulfuric acid. At pH 7, the extent of cation exchange with Na+ and K+ ions of the H+-type geopolymer powder was one-fourth of that of the original Na+-form geopolymer at the same pH. The ion-exchange capacity of the H+-type geopolymer powder shows pH dependence, that is, has a tendency to increase with higher pH levels. A 10 mass% addition of the H+-type geopolymer reduced both pH and the soluble alkali quantity of the hardened cement pastes to a greater extent than when no addition to the cement paste was made. Further, the injection of cement paste of 40 mass% addition of the H+-type geopolymer suppressed expansion of Alkali-Silica-Reaction more compared to that of the non-addition one.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jun 2018 16:55:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1514598</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement Concrete With Recycled Asphalt Pavement as Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1504032</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Finding constructive uses for construction waste byproducts contributes to green engineering principles. One such plentiful material is recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). This report looks at the mechanical viability of including RAP in a high strength concrete mix. The mechanical behaviors studied are: freeze-thaw durability, chloride ion penetration, bond strength, ductility, strain-rate, coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity. The tests conducted follow American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standards where possible. A few variations to the standards are made to accommodate the limitations of the Idaho State University Laboratory. In each of the tests conducted the RAP mix performed as well or better than the control mix, except for the strain rate tests where the results were inconclusive. These results show that the inclusion of RAP coarse aggregate in a high strength mix is a viable solution to achieve a “green” alternative to normal concrete mixes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Apr 2018 12:15:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1504032</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Hydrogen Ion Exchange Chemical Treatment on Engineering Properties of Expansive Subgrades in Texas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1497295</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The primary objective of this study is to analyze the effect of a proprietary Hydrogen Ion Exchange Chemical (HIEC) stabilizer on the engineering properties of expansive subgrade soils from three locations across segments 5 and 6 of the SH130 toll road in Texas. The soils obtained can be classified as highly plastic clays having plasticity index (PI) ranging between 48 and 62.  HIEC treatment was found to reduce the suction compressibility index, ɣh of the soils by 40 percent which in turn reduced the total vertical movement (ΔHtotal) due to swell-shrink cycles by 30 percent. The mean resilient modulus (Mr) values were found to be around 75 MPa for untreated soils, 95 MPa for HIEC treated soils and 130 MPa for lime treated soils. Further Mr testing was done to substantiate the improvement in moisture sensitivity of the HIEC treated soils and the results were compared to soils treated with lime. Finally, a case study was carried out using the AASHTOWare® ME Pavement Design software to compare the longitudinal cracking behavior of untreated subgrades, lime stabilized subgrades (LSS) and a combination of lime and HIEC injected subgrades. The results obtained in the study provide strong evidence in support of HIEC treatment to improve overall strength and mitigate vertical movement of expansive soils which in turn improve ride quality and reduce long-term longitudinal cracking in pavements constructed on expansive subgrades.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Mar 2018 16:22:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1497295</guid>
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