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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Aging resistance in model bio-based binders for road materials: a study of rosin esters and vegetable oil combinations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2556810</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bio-based binders offer a potential solution for the availability issues of bitumen, though their aging behaviour may differ mainly due to higher oxygen content. This study aims to understand the aging resistance of model bio-based binders produced from various vegetable oils (palm, linseed, sunflower, olive) and rosin esters (Rosin A, B, C). A commercial bio-based binder was used for comparison and design. FTIR-ATR show no differences through lab aging, while DSR results reveal varying impacts after lab aging. The types of rosin esters and vegetable oils significantly affect aging resistance. Although the specific chemical characteristics of the rosin esters influencing aging remain unclear, a strong correlation exists between the iodine numbers of vegetable oils, indicating that oils with iodine numbers higher than 150 are unsuitable for bio-based binders. This paper provides useful information about bio-based binder component properties helping at developing materials that resist aging.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 11:42:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2556810</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Formation of emerging iodinated disinfection by-products during ballast water treatment based on ozonation processes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1721792</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Disinfection by-products (DBPs) generated by ballast water treatment pose a potential threat to marine environment which aroused widespread concern. In recent years, emerging iodinated DBPs have attracted widespread attention because of their stronger cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than brominated/chlorinated DBPs. In this study, the effects of different natural organic matter species, total residual oxidant (TRO) concentrations, storage time, temperature, pH, bromide and iodide concentrations on the generation of iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) during ozonation process of ballast water were investigated. The results showed that bromochloroiodomethane and diiodochloromethane (DICM) were not detected under all conditions during ozonation of humaic acid (HA). Different kinds of precursors had a significantly effect on the formation of I-THMs. For algal cells as precursor, DICM were detected (1.22 μg/L), while DICM were not detected from oxidation of 1,3-etonedicarboxylic acid, fulvic acid (FA), phenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone and HA as precursors. The yields of I-THMs from oxidation of algal cells, FA and phenol were higher than other precursors. Linear relationships were observed between the formation of I-THMs and TRO concentrations. The yields of I-THMs reached a peak at 48 h (180 μg/L) after ozonation treatment of ballast water, and then decreased with storage time extension. An increase in temperature enhanced the formation of dibromoiodomethane and bromodiiodomethane, while wakened the formation of iodoform and dichloroiodomethane. The formation of I-THMs was complicatedly affected by different pH values in the range from 4 to 9. The more bromide concentrations, the more brominated I-THMs were formed. The concentrations of I-THMs increased with increasing iodide concentrations, and low concentrations of iodide had greater effect on the production of I-THMs than high concentrations of iodide.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Oct 2021 14:25:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1721792</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PAINTS FOR PAVEMENT MARKINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077975</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES THE MAIN FACTORS GOVERNING THE USE OF CARRIAGEWAY MARKING PAINTS: COST, DURABILITY, DRYING, ETC. THE ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY CHLORINE RUBBER PAINT, INCREASINGLY USED IN THE USA, ARE OUTLINED. THIS TYPE OF PAINT DRIES QUICKLY (LESS THAN ONE MINUTE WHEN APPLIED AT 50 DEGREES C BY PULVERIZATION) AND MARKING RATE REACHES 20 KM/H. DURABILITY IS GREATER THAN THAT OF ALKYL-RESIN PAINTS. THE MOST PRACTICAL METHOD OF EVALUATING DURABILITY CONSISTS IN PAINTING LINES ACROSS A HEAVILY TRAFFICKED ROAD, AND  TO MEASURE WEAR AND OBSERVE LOSS OF VISIBILITY. A SERIES OF TESTS ON PAINTS CONTAINING ALLOPRENE, WAS CONDUCTED BY THE I.C.I. THE OVERALL COST FOR  A BAND 10 CM WIDE IS 0.16 F PER METRE INSTEAD OF 0.42 TO 0.47 F PER METRE FOR THERMOPLASTIC PRODUCTS. THIS ARTICLE IS IN FRENCH.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:38:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077975</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOIL STABILIZATION WITH PHOSPHORATED SLAG (KAZAKHSTAN)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1071761</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PHOSPHORATED SLAG DIFFERS FROM BLAST FURNACE SLAG BY ITS LOW ALUMINA CONTENT AND THE PRESENCE OF A LARGE QUANTITY OF PHOSPHORUS AND FLUORINE. THE REACTIVITY IS NOT HIGH, AND IT IS NECESSARY TO ADD TO IT SODIUM SILICATE TO OBTAIN SATISFACTORY RESULTS. LIME AND CEMENT DO NOT IMPROVE ITS REACTIVITY.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 13:08:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1071761</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE MODIFICATION OF BITUMEN BY CHEMICAL PROCESSES, PARTICULARLY IN REGARD TO THEIR TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION TO IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BITUMEN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063999</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE WORK IS A COMPLETE MONOGRAPH CONCERNING THE MODIFICATION OF BITUMEN BY CHEMICAL MEANS.  ALL PROCESSES WHICH HAVE AN EFFECT UPON THE NATURE OF BITUMEN ARE CONSIDERED.  FULL CONSIDERATION IN SEPARATE SECTIONS IS GIVEN TO THE EFFECTS OF HEAT, CRACKING PROCESSES, POLY-CONDENSATION AND POLYMER REACTIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF CATALYSTS, OXIDISING POLYMERISATION, REACTIONS  WITH SULPHUR AND SULPHUR COMPOUNDS, THE TREATMENT WITH CHLORINE AND FURTHER COMPOUNDS, THE FORMATION OF POLYMERS FROM MONOMERS IN BITUMEN AND THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION UPON BITUMEN.  THE APPROPRIATE PATENTS ARE REFERRED TO.  BY THE APPROPRIATE CHOICE, APPLICATION AND EVENTUAL COMBINATION OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO MANUFACTURE BITUMEN AND BITUMEN PRODUCTS WITH SPECIALISED CHARACTERISTICS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 08:49:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063999</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UNIFORM PROVISIONS REGARDING THE OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF CAR HEADLAMPS MADE OF OPTICAL HALOGEN UNITS (SEALED BEAM) (SBH4) EMITTING AN ASYMMETRICAL DIPPED BEAM AND/OR A FULL BEAM. REGULATION NO 31</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063784</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS ARE GIVEN FOR THE LIGHT INTENSITY, COLOUR AND GLARE OF CAR HEADLAMPS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 08:44:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063784</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UNIFORM PROVISIONS GOVERNING THE OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE HEADLAMPS EMITTING AN ASYMMETRICAL DIPPED BEAM AND/OR A FULL BEAM AND EQUIPPED WITH HALOGEN LAMPS (H4 LAMPS) AND THE OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF THE LAMPS THEMSELVES. REGULATION NO 20 AND CORRIGENDUM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063773</link>
      <description><![CDATA[TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR HEADLAMPS ARE GIVEN CONCERNING THE LIGHT INTENSITY, GLARE, COLOUR TOGETHER WITH SPECIFICATIONS GOVERNING THE GLASS AND  COLOURED FILTERS. THE SPECIFICATIONS ARE GIVEN CONCERNING THE LUMINOUS FLUX AND POWER, COLOUR AND CONTROL OF THE OPTIC QUALITY OF HALOGEN LAMPS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 08:44:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063773</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UNIFORM PROVISIONS FOR THE OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE HEADLAMPS EMITTING AN ASYMMETRICAL DIPPED BEAM AND/OR FULL BEAM AND EQUIPPED WITH HALOGEN LAMPS (H1, H2 OR H3 LAMPS) AND THE OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF THE BULBS THEMSELVES. REGULATION NO 8 AND CORRIGENDUM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063762</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THESE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS CONCERN THE LIGHT INTENSITY, COLOUR, GLARE, LUMINOUS FLUX AND ITS POWER, AND THE OPTICAL QUALITY OF MOTOR VEHICLE HEADLAMPS AND HALOGEN LAMPS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 08:43:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063762</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE NEW CEMENT STANDARDS SHOULD ENSURE IMPROVED QUALITY AND REGULARITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1058116</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE NEW FRENCH CEMENT STANDARDS CONTAIN A CERTAIN NUMBER OF INNOVATIONS.    THE MOST IMPORTANT INNOVATION CONCERNS THE FIXING OF VALUES FOR 28 DAY STRENGTH, AND VERIFICATION OF CONFORMITY WITH THE STANDARDS, BOTH BY QUALITY CONTROL AT THE MANUFACTURER'S WORKS AND BY THE NF-VP SERVICE, WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS.  THE OTHER PRINCIPAL INNOVATIONS ARE: (A) REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF CATEGORIES OF CEMENT TO FOUR: PURE PORTLAND CEMENT, BLAST FURNACE CEMENT, CLINKER CEMENT, AND A NEW TYPE, MIXED PORTLAND CEMENT (UP TO 35% OF ADDITIVE); (B) GUARANTEE OF CERTAIN PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE CEMENT; SETTING TIME AT 20 DEG C, SHRINKAGE AT 28 DAYS AND  THE CHATALIER-TEST EXPANSION ON A PURE PASTE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 06:09:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1058116</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN SITU IN BOREHOLES FOR PROSPECTION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MINE RESEARCH. A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE USE OF NEUTRONS OF 14 MEV AND THE USE OF A SOURCE OF CALIFORNIUM 252</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1052021</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE RESULTS OBTAINED EXPERIMENTALLY BY MEANS OF 2 IRRADIATION TECHNIQUES: NEUTRON GENERATOR TUBES AND CALIFORNIUM 252 ISOTROPIC SOURCES.  THESE EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED IN THE LABORATORY ON DIFFERENT MATERIALS CONTAINING THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS: SILICIUM, CALCIUM, ALUMINIUM, IRON, POTASSIUM, AND ON RECONSTITUTED MINERALS: FLUOR, COPPER, ZINC, ZIRCONIUM, PEWTER, ANTIMONY, BARIUM, TUNGSTEN AND LEAD.  THESE MATERIALS ARE  PLACED IN CYLINDRICAL SHAFTS, THE DIMENSIONS OF WHICH ARE SUFFICIENT TO REPRESENT AN INFINITE MEDIUM.  A TUBE PLACED IN THE CENTRE OF THE SHAFT SIMULATES THE BORE HOLE.  THE DETECTION OF GAMMA RAYS IN THE BORE HOLE IS EFFECTED EITHER WITH A NAI(TI) 3" X 3" SCINTILLATION DEVICE OR AN INTRINSIC 50 CM3 GERMANIUM.  THE DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS PERMITS TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS AS TO THE SELECTION OF ONE OR THE OTHER IRRADIATION METHODS.  CALIBRATION RESULTS ARE GIVEN FOR THE ELEMENTS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST TO CIVIL ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION (SILICIUM, ALUMINIUM, IRON) WITH GAMMA DETECTION IN THE BORE HOLE WITH A SODIUM IODIDE SCINTILLATOR (THALLIUM).  LASTLY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OBTAINED ON MATERIALS OF THE SAME NATURE BUT OF VERY DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENT (8% PONDERAL MOISTURE CONTENT OR SATURATION) SHOW THE  IMPORTANCE OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT ON CALIBRATION RESULTS.  THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED TO THE 5TH SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ACTIVATION ANALYSIS, OXFORD, 17-21 JULY, 1978.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 02:23:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1052021</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY TO THE ANALYSIS OF BINDERS IN PAINTS USED FOR CARRIAGEWAY MARKING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1049407</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS REPORT DEALS WITH THE FRACTIONATION BY GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY  (GPC) OF BINDERS FOR CARRIAGEWAY MARKING, WHICH CONTAIN GLYCEROPHTALIC RESIN, CHLORINATED RUBBER, COPOLYMER, ACRYLIC-VINYLTOLUENE AND THEIR MIXTURES.  GPC ENABLES MACROMOLECULAR VALUES (LENGTH AND POLYDISPERSION) TO BE DETERMINED AND QUANTITATIVE FRACTIONATION TO BE CARRIED OUT.  THIS TECHNIQUE IS VERY EFFECTIVE TO SEPARATE CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, PHENOLIC RESINS, LINSEED OIL AND CHINA WOOD OIL, FROM GLYCEROPHTALIC RESIN, CHLORINATED RUBBER  AND VINYLTOLUENE-ACRYLIC COPOLYMER.  BUT WHEN THE POLYDISPERSION OF THE COMPOUNDS TO BE FRACTIONATED IS HIGH OR WHEN THERE ARE ONLY SMALL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE AVERAGE MOLECULAR VALUES (IT IS THE CASE FOR GLYCEROPHTALIC RESIN, CHLORINATED RUBBER, VINYLTOLUENE-ACRYLIC COPOLYMER, PHENOLIC RESIN AND CHINA WOOD OIL) FRACTIONATION DOES NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT RESOLUTION TO  QUANTIFY EACH COMPOUND.  IT IS THEN POSSIBLE TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM WITH AN ESTIMATION METHOD BASED ON SPECIFIC EXPERIMENTAL VALUES; THE PEAK MAXIMUM HEIGHT BEING AN INCREASING FUNCTION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF THE INGREDIENTS IT IS POSSIBLE TO PLOT AN EXPERIMENTAL CURVE GIVING THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HEIGHTS AS A FUNCTION OF THE CONTENT IN ONE OF THE COMPOUNDS TO BE PROPORTIONED.  FOR THE GLYCEROPHTALIC RESIN/CHLORINATED RUBBER SYSTEM THE QUANTITY OF THIS INGREDIENT CAN BE DETERMINED BY NEPHELEMETRY OR ORGANIC  CHLORINE TITRATION.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 01:13:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1049407</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROCEEDINGS OF PAL 2001 - PROGRESS IN AUTOMOBILE LIGHTING, HELD LABORATORY OF LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY, SEPTEMBER 2001. 2 VOLUMES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/745670</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This conference contains 220 papers examining all aspects of vehicle lighting from design and technology to safety and human responses. The use of light emitting diodes and halogen lamps, and the development of intelligent vehicle lighting systems are covered. Headlamps, brake lights, direction indicators, interior lighting, reflectors and reflectorized materials are also considered. For abstracts of some of the papers see ITRD E123381 - E123469.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/745670</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE EFFECT OF ONCOMING HEADLIGHT GLARE ON PERIPHERAL DETECTION UNDER A MESOPIC LIGHT LEVEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/747297</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A field study was carried out in a car park to investigate how oncoming glare from halogen headlamps impaired drivers' detection of peripheral targets under two fixed street lighting sources, high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps. The participants (drivers) task was to detect a change in reflectance for one of two targets while fixated on a signboard at the end of the test track. The detection targets were located 15 or 23 degrees off-axis to the right when the subjects looked straight ahead. The halogen headlamps of the oncoming vehicle were switched either on or off. Participants were 22-39 years of age. Large individual differences in individuals' reaction times were observed. Reaction times under metal halide lamps were shorter than under high pressure sodium lamps. Reaction times for the inner target (15 degrees) were shorter than for the outer target (23 degrees). There was also a significant interaction between the target position and the glare condition.  For the covering abstract see ITRD E123380.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/747297</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFRARED HEADLAMPS FOR ACTIVE NIGHT-VISION SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/747305</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The potential for active night-vision systems to increase the visual range without dazzling oncoming traffic is explored. The system is based on an infrared headlamp, a camera and a visual display. Near infrared radiation is particularly suitable for this application. The available light sources for infrared headlamps include halogen bulbs, gas discharge bulbs and light-emitting or laser diodes. Tests on infrared headlamps in a light tunnel showed that they illuminated pedestrians effectively even at a considerable distance. The use of a projection lamp with infrared-transmissive shield enables the production of a headlamp that generates a dipped beam and infrared main beam at the same time. A first concept for an infrared headlamp using infrared light-emitting diodes has been realised as a prototype.  For the covering abstract see ITRD E123380.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/747305</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPORTIONING OF HEADLAMP ILLUMINATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/747310</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A test set-up was used to investigate headlamp illumination variables on seven participants aged 25-27. There was a wide divergence between the illuminance of the asymetrical European system (ECE) headlamps and the optimal illuminance, especially at a distance exceeding 30m. The illuminance of the ECE headlamps with halogen and gas discharge lamps on the sides and the distance were too low in the value of the illuminance of the adaptation zone. Gas discharge headlamps gave worse results than halogen headlamps.  For the covering abstract see ITRD E123380.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/747310</guid>
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