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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Keeping people safe when walking: stream 1: pedestrian safety problem and project methodology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536122</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report establishes the foundational framework for Austroads’ Keeping People Safe When Walking – Stream 1 project. It defines key pedestrian safety concepts, highlights the magnitude and characteristics of pedestrian safety issues, and introduces the Pedestrian Safe System Model and the Pedestrian Safety Data Needs Framework. These frameworks are designed to guide evidence-based interventions and data improvements aimed at reducing pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries in Australia and New Zealand. The report employs a comprehensive methodology that includes research and literature review, stakeholder engagement (focus groups, surveys, in-depth interviews, and technical workshops), and data analysis and modelling (including Vision Zero and trauma modelling). Through a multi-phase approach, the report systematically assesses pedestrian safety data needs and evaluates effective interventions. The findings lead to key recommendations, refined through stakeholder input, to support the goal of halving pedestrian serious trauma by 2030 and achieving zero fatalities and serious injuries by 2050. This report is the first of the 4 reports produced as part of Austroads’ Keeping People Safe When Walking – Stream 1 project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Apr 2025 13:34:34 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>MotoCAP program enhances motorcycle clothing safety in Australasia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509282</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since the commencement of the MotoCAP program, numerous products, including jackets, pants, and gloves, have undergone testing. This research analysed jackets and pants tested by MotoCAP, revealing trends in impact protection over a seven-year database. This included assessing presentation and the protection level of the impact protectors in the garments. The findings indicate that an increased number of garments attach the armours and the protection levels have been improved compared to the earlier stages. Notably, the MotoCAP program has exerted positive influences on the motorcycle clothing markets. Specifically, the MotoCAP program has played an important role in quality supervision for promoting market development, by encouraging manufacturers to meet higher standards, and incentivizing them to enhance the quality of their products. This collective effort contributes to enhancing overall safety within the motorcycle community.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:06:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509282</guid>
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      <title>Safety of Police staff conducting road safety enforcement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509225</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 2021 the unthinkable happened. A Traffic Camera Operator (TCO) was seriously injured when the mobile speed camera (MSC) van was deliberately crashed into by a motivated offender in another vehicle. This was the first time any crash of this nature happened involving a TCO and MSC in New Zealand or Australia. Post-event, NZ Police, in conjunction with WorkSafe and other stakeholders, worked to identify risks which compromised the safety of the TCOs. This then expanded to any other vehicle crash-related risks that Police Officers face when undertaking road safety enforcement and prevention activities. A major part of the lessons learned would be influencing the cultural and behavioural changes for the TCOs, their supervisors and managers. With us all needing to ensure the safety of our people while engaging in tasks to reduce trauma on and adjacent to the roads, lessons can be of benefit to all Australasian jurisdictions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:06:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509225</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A data-led approach to pedestrian safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509220</link>
      <description><![CDATA["Keeping People Safe While Walking" is an ongoing program aimed at reducing the risks faced by pedestrians in the road transport system. This comprehensive program involves multiple components, such as analysing data on pedestrian-related accidents, evaluating existing interventions, creating guidelines, and developing plans to eliminate pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries. This abstract focuses on the pedestrian data-related aspects of the program. A key factor in mitigating pedestrian risk is implementing effective countermeasures in specific locations. However, identifying these locations can be challenging. Relying solely on crash data is not enough, especially when dealing with specific types of incidents, such as those involving pedestrians. This presentation highlights the pedestrian data frameworks and the important datasets needed to understand pedestrian risks. It also provides recommendations for improving data collection to help Australasian Road Controlling Jurisdictions adopt a proactive approach to pedestrian safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:06:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509220</guid>
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      <title>Improving road safety outcomes with Maori: a community centric approach to building relationships</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509193</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Improving road safety outcomes with Maori project is a key initiative within New Zealand’s road safety strategy, as we want to achieve better road safety outcomes with Maori. In this project, New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) is partnering with iwi Maori (Maori people) to co-design approaches to improve road safety outcomes for Maori. We are taking a ‘listen first’ and relationship building approach. As relationships develop and strengthen, NZTA and iwi Maori are co-designing a format of holistic and culturally relevant interventions. Early examples include using of Maori language and images of iwi Maori to directly engage with Maori communities. The co-design of the program also ensures the way iwi Maori are included in road safety campaigns is culturally sensitive and accepted by community. Maori continue to be overrepresented in traffic related deaths and serious injuries, mortality rates are between 60% - 200% higher for Maori compared to non-Maori. We continue to look for opportunities to collaborate with Maori, other government agencies, road safety providers and advocates to improve these outcomes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509193</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Eliminating road trauma: a pathway forward</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509179</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Today more than 1,200 people are killed and a further 40,000 or so are seriously injured on Australian roads every year. Australia’s road safety performance trails leading European nations employing a safe system approach to the problem of road safety. Safe system underpins a strategy of building and operating a safe road transport system, not just relying on improving individual road user behaviour. While the concepts of a ‘safe system’ approach to road safety have been adopted at a strategy level in Australia, implementation has been patchy and difficult to sustain. I was awarded a Churchill Fellowship for international travel to investigate the factors underpinning the road safety performance of Australia relative to the best performing nations. The ethos of a Churchill is to: learn globally, inspire locally. I will present on the findings of my Churchill Fellowship.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509179</guid>
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      <title>Paediatric pedestrian injuries in Greater Western New South Wales: 10-Years’ insights</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509177</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pedestrian safety, especially for children, remains a critical concern in Greater Western New South Wales (NSW Centre for Road Safety, 2024). This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 559 paediatric pedestrian injury cases that met inclusion criteria at the Children's Hospital at Westmead over 10 years between 2013 and 2022, with nearly two thirds involving males. While no significant age group differences emerged, seasonal variations were observed, with more incidents occurring in Spring and Autumn. There were 12 fatalities in total. Children faced higher risks as pedestrians on school days, especially in the afternoon period from 12 to 6 pm. The most common injury types involved extremities/spine, head with other injuries, and minor injuries like abrasions. No geographic clustering occurred, but the polarisation of incidents between school days and holidays varied yearly. These findings highlight paediatric pedestrian vulnerabilities and the need for targeted safety initiatives considering the increased risks with temporal patterns in the Greater Western NSW.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509177</guid>
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      <title>The Prepared Bystanders: a social impact campaign</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509152</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Last year, 962 men and boys died in road incidents across Australia. Mothers, wives and daughters carry this burden. Bystanders are the keystone, the first link in the ‘Trauma Chain of Survival’. Postmortem studies showed potential preventability of death before emergency services arrived, noting that clearing an airway within minutes of a crash may save lives. Such findings provided rationale for research into the key elements of a social impact campaign to activate community members. An online survey of 100 women was undertaken, resulting in positive feedback and indicating that 86% were willing to undertake specific training in incident management. Motivations and barriers for stopping to help, were also listed. This proposes women are well positioned to lead a movement of “prepared bystanders” and contribute to halving lives lost on the roads by 2030. A social impact campaign upskilling community in road incident management is a new approach worth considering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509152</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safe transportation of children in early education and care settings</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509151</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transporting children in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings carries significant risk of critical injury (NSW Department of Education, 2023). Sadly, children left unsupervised in vehicles for extended periods of time have experienced serious injury or have died. Consequently, National ECEC regulations have been strengthened to protect children when being transported. The Kids and Traffic Program, a partnership between Transport for NSW (TfNSW) and Macquarie University, collaborated with the NSW Department of Education (NSWDoE) to develop the Kids and Traffic Safe Transport Toolkit. The Toolkit is an impactful outcome of cross-government departmental partnership to address child road trauma. Comprehensive, strategic dissemination of the Toolkit and ongoing ECEC sector support by Kids and Traffic, ensures child road safety is prioritised by ECEC services, families, and communities. Collaborations such as this leverage the strengths and influence of government departments and agencies, maximising outcomes, reach and cost effectiveness of road safety interventions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509151</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Crash protection of modified child restraints for children with disabilities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509150</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many children with disabilities or medical conditions do not fit well in, or receive adequate support from, child restraints designed for typically developing children. Supplementary padding is frequently added to improve postural support and positioning in the restraint. Our study conducted frontal sled crash testing of three different padding materials used on a forward-facing child restraint to recline the restraint and/or support the head, trunk and pelvis of a Q1 anthropometric test device (ATD). We found the use of padding to increase restraint recline, or padding placed behind the head, increased a child’s risk of head injury. Tightly rolled towelling around the body had minimal effect on injury risk measures, while firm rigid foam reduced risk of chest injury when used in locations to counteract forward sliding movements of the lower body. Our findings offer a pathway for future clinical practice guidelines on motor vehicle travel for children with disabilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509150</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Can we achieve the 30 per cent reduction for serious injuries by 2030?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509146</link>
      <description><![CDATA[NSW is the only jurisdiction in the world that publishes quarterly online serious injury data from road crashes. More than 182,000 records are published in the largest publicly available set of road trauma data on the outcomes of crashes where people are admitted to hospital as a result of their injuries from a crash on our roads. By linking health, police, insurance and crash data, we have revealed the characteristics and trends since 2005 of the serious injuries from crashes on NSW public roads. Interactive crash data provides evidence on serious injuries that wasn't previously available. Using this, we can better research and analyse the broader trauma impacts of road crashes, and develop targeted road safety initiatives to reduce serious injuries. This presentation provides insights into the changing dimensions of serious injury road trauma in NSW, where we have been successful in designing safe systems approaches to trauma reduction and emerging challenges for the reduction in srious inury road trauma in NSW.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509146</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OPRC India: crash reduction by applying Safe Systems principles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509139</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper highlights the significant reduction achieved in number of fatal and serious crashes by applying Safe Systems principles on India’s first Output and Performance-Based Road Contract (OPRC) for improvement, rehabilitation and maintenance of 204 km road network. The OPRC road network was located in the northern Indian state of Punjab, traversing mostly through semi urban areas with high volume of heterogenous traffic and high pedestrian activity. Integrating road safety by applying safe systems principles from planning and design to construction, operation, and maintenance paid rich dividends. The application of innovative road safety measures led to a significant reduction in fatal and serious crashes, demonstrating the effectiveness of a comprehensive approach that combined infrastructure improvements, public awareness campaigns, and community engagement. These successful outcomes underline the importance of proactive measures and collaborative efforts in creating safer road environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509139</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pedestrian safety interventions: effective “Safe System” and “Institutional Management” measures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509118</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the integration of "Safe System" and "Institutional Management" measures to enhance pedestrian safety in Australia and New Zealand, using a systems-based approach. Drawing on extensive research including literature reviews, surveys, and data analysis, the Austroads Project “Keeping People Safe When Walking” underscores the necessity for comprehensive strategies that address the multifaceted nature of pedestrian safety challenges. It advocates for the implementation of 54 key interventions, categorised under Road and Road Safety Management and Safe System approaches, highlighting the critical importance of speed management, infrastructure improvements, and the adoption of advanced vehicle technologies. The findings suggest that a holistic approach, prioritising pedestrian-centric urban planning and inclusive policy development, is essential. Collaboration among federal, state, and local governments, alongside active public engagement, emerges as pivotal for realising the Vision Zero targets, aiming for significant reductions in pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries by 2050.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509118</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance of post-production protective helmet through impact absorption test</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Motorcycle fatalities constitute a significant number of road fatalities in Malaysia, with head injuries being the primary cause. Compulsory helmet laws were implemented in 1973, resulting in increased helmet usage and a notable reduction in fatal motorcycle injuries. Despite the law, variations in helmet quality persist throughout the design, manufacturing, and retail processes. This study intends to quantify compliance deviations by retesting post-production helmets certified with UN R22 in the Malaysian market. Fourteen different brands and models of protective helmets underwent impact absorption tests using the test method and requirement in accordance with the standards outlined in UN R22. The result shows that only six tested helmets past the test, revealing a concerning discrepancy between certification and actual pperformance. The study highlights the need for post-production mechanisms, such as assessment or rating programs, to ensure helmets provide adequate protection for motorcyclists in Malaysia, addressing a critical gap in road safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:05:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Road safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509112</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road safety remains a major challenge for sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region, where one person dies on the roads every 44 seconds. ESCAP calculations based on data from the Global Status Report on Road Safety published by the WHO in 2023 indicated that 59 per cent of global road fatalities occurred in this region. Although road fatalities declined by 7 percent between 2016 and 2021, the fatality rate in 2021 was 15.15 per 100,000 inhabitants, slightly higher than the global average of 15.05, with vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as motorcyclists, pedestrians, and cyclists accounting for 66.54 per cent of fatalities. Road fatalities and injuries also place significant economic burden to our countries. In addition, the social consequences of road crashes are significant and not only limited to victims and their families but also spread over the entire nation. Therefore, reaching the road safety-related targets of the 2030 Agenda is critical to building safe and sustainable societies. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Target 3.6 aims to halve global road traffic deaths and injuries by 2030. This goal was reaffirmed by UN General Assembly Resolution 74/299, proclaiming 2021–2030 as the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety. To meet this target, the Asia-Pacific region must reduce road traffic fatalities by an average of 7.4 per cent annually from 2021 to 2030, as indicated by the latest WHO data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:02:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509112</guid>
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