<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of the impact of E-commerce activities on residents' commute trips</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618832</link>
      <description><![CDATA[E-commerce has the capacity to redirect certain individuals from physical transportation to online services, gradually altering human travel behaviours. This paper establishes a theoretical model to analyse the impact of e-commerce on the Land Use and Transport Interaction (LUTI) model. To achieve this goal, we employ the Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator (MARS) - attractiveness by car model to assess the sensitivity to e-commerce. The results demonstrate that e-commerce significantly affects the curve of attractiveness by car, and there is a positive correlation between them. The revised model offers insight into and explanation of how e-commerce impacts the LUTI model, providing a valuable tool for policymakers and planners to adapt to the current situation and effectively address issues.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2026 09:17:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618832</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identifying Sensitive Structural and Hydraulic Parameters in a Bridge-Stream Network Under Flood Conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1599298</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The interactions between rivers, surrounding hydrogeological features, and hydraulic structures such as bridges are not well-established or understood at the network scale, especially under transient conditions. The cascading effects of local perturbations up- and downstream of hydraulic structures may have significant and far-reaching consequences, and therefore often cause concern among stakeholders. Tropical Storm Irene resulted in hundreds of millions of dollars in losses to infrastructure and property in Vermont, including damage to or failure of over 300 bridges, and considerable stream restoration efforts thereafter. Climate data show that the state is experiencing more frequent and persistent precipitation events, a trend that is predicted to continue. The replacement or re-design needed for hundreds of existing bridges to meet the rigorous hydraulic standards imposed by extreme flood events is likely not a viable proposition. Moreover, the up- and downstream impacts of modification of a single structure may extend much farther than anticipated, especially in extreme events. This work presents a framework and methodology to perform such a network-level bridge resiliency analysis beyond detailed characterization of site-specific bridge-stream interactions. The stretch of the Otter Creek from Rutland to Middlebury, VT is used as a test bed for this analysis. A two-dimensional hydraulic model is used to elucidate the impact of individual structures on the bridge-stream network, as well as potential sensitivity to those impacts, during extreme flood events. Depending on their characteristics, bridges and roadways may either attenuate or amplify peak flood flows up- and downstream, or have little to no impact at all. Likewise, bridges may or may not be sensitive to any changes in discharge that result from perturbation of existing structures. Alterations to structures that induce substantial backwaters may result in the most dramatic impacts to the network, which can be either positive or negative. Structures that do not experience relief (e.g., roadway overtopping) may be most sensitive to any network perturbations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Apr 2019 19:02:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1599298</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>What are Vulnerable Road Users’ Perceptions and Expectations on Autonomous Vehicles?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1572870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Public perceptions play a crucial role in wider adoption of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). This paper aims to make two contributions to the understanding of public attitudes toward AVs. First, the authors explore opinions regarding the perceived benefits and challenges of AVs among vulnerable road users – in particular, pedestrians and bicyclists. Second, the paper evaluated whether interaction experiences with AVs influence perceptions among vulnerable road users. To explore this, the authors examined survey data collected by Bike PGH, a Pittsburgh based organization involved in programs to promote safe mobility options for road users. Analysis of the data revealed that respondents with direct experience interacting with AVs reported significantly higher expectations of the safety benefits of the transition to AVs than respondents with no AV interaction experience. This finding did not differ across pedestrian and bicyclist respondents. The results of this study indicate that as the public increasingly interacts with AVs, their attitudes toward the technology is more likely to be positive. Thus, this study recommends that policy makers should provide the opportunities for the public to have interaction experience with AVs. The opportunities can be provided through legislation that allows auto manufacturers and technology industries to operate and test AVs on public roads. This interactive experience will positively affect people’s perceptions and help in wider adoption of AV technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Mar 2019 15:51:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1572870</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Critical Review on Capacity Estimation Approaches for Mixed Traffic Conditions in Developing Countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1517487</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the advancement in vehicular technology, this modern world is facing unique challenges in traffic scenarios. A spectrum of problems and diversity in capacity estimation is observed, as researchers have focused on the issue of quantifying and tackling complex vehicular interactions in heterogeneous traffic for decades. Thus, findings like the inability to follow a lane based approach in traffic management in mixed traffic interactions, given the conditions of road geometrics, necessitated the course of research in developing countries to estimate capacity through a thorough understanding of every deviation from existing homogenous lane disciplined models and methods. Developed countries like the USA, Australia, etc. have integrated their researches into a fine standard manual such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), to guide engineers and highway planners. The type of homogeneous or heterogeneous traffic experienced on the roads of developed or developing countries itself draws the line between standards and methods adopted for traffic planning and management in the respective scenarios. Resorting to the basics of capacity evaluation and yet accounting for the deviations observed in mixed traffic from standard ideal traffic conditions, numerous works have been conducted worldwide. This paper aims to consolidate the literature marking important evolutions of mathematical methods and logical concepts of estimating highway capacity and its parameters in mixed traffic specific to uninterrupted flow facilities in developing nations. An important aspect of the paper is summarizing the gaps in the available literature which can be looked upon for further research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Jun 2018 16:33:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1517487</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Metrics for Naturalistic Studies of Safety-Relevant Interactions Between Motor Vehicles and an Instrumented Bicycle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1496947</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Interactions between bicycles and motor vehicles are most commonly studied using a bicycle that is ridden in traffic and fitted with ultrasonic sensors that measure the lateral distance with which vehicles pass the bicycle. However, an alternative is to rely entirely on video cameras that record the view ahead, behind, and to the side of the bicycle as it interacts with motor vehicles. A bicycle equipped in this manner can record not just lateral passing distance, but also such information as the speed of an approaching vehicle, and the distance at which a motor vehicle turns in front of the bicycle. This paper proposes several variables that relate to bicycle safety during interactions with motor vehicles, and describes how they can be measured using a system that is entirely video based. Technological solutions are also described for several challenges that arise when processing and scoring the videos.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jan 2018 09:47:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1496947</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Statistical Assessment of the Development of the Transportation System in Chosen Countries – an International Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1464773</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main aim of the paper is to attempt the assessment of the process of the transport development in chosen countries with implementation methods, which allow taking into account interactions between different areas of the transportation system. Hence, the order taxonomic methods with the implementation of multidimensional Weber median were introduced. The introduction of proper taxonomic methods in the assessment process of transportation system development can bring more opportunities in order to enhance the efficiency of the use of limited financial resources coming from the European Union as well as national budgets of particular countries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 May 2017 10:33:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1464773</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of the Effect of Variable Lateral Gap Maintaining Behavior of Vehicles on Traffic Flow Modeling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1415425</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vehicular interaction between different types of vehicles, in both the lateral and longitudinal directions, significantly affects the heterogeneous traffic flow modeling. From the field data it has been observed that the drivers vary gaps based on the changing traffic conditions. This variable gap maintaining behavior has been characterized using macroscopic traffic characteristic called area occupancy. Variable gaps are explained through effective vehicle width and it is found to be influenced by various factors. In this study, variable gap maintaining behavior is modeled using the concept of cellular automata (CA), with the help of a modified cell structure. Cell width in the modified cell structure has been varied corresponding to the observed variation in the effective vehicle width. It was found that the results obtained from the model incorporated with the variable gap maintaining behavior are significantly different from that of the uniform-cell-width based CA model. The effect is more significant for urban traffic conditions due to the presence of two-wheelers and three-wheelers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2016 11:13:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1415425</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vehicle Specific Behaviour in Macroscopic Traffic Modelling through Stochastic Advection Invariant</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1370483</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this contribution a new model to include stochastic vehicle specific behaviour and interaction in traffic flow modelling is presented. The First Order Model with Stochastic Advection (FOMSA) is presented as a first order macroscopic kinematic wave model in a platoon-based Lagrangian coordinate system. The use of Lagrangian coordinates allows characteristics of specific vehicles or vehicle-groups to propagate along with the traffic flow using a vehicle specific invariant. The invariant reflects how vehicle or platoon specific characteristics propagate with the vehicles and influence the local behaviour of a vehicle or platoon on a macroscopic level and in interaction with other surrounding vehicles. It represents a local vehicle specific adjustment to the critical density and makes use of two parameters: a stochastic boundary parameter and a transition parameter. These parameters indicate the extent of differences between vehicles or platoons. A case study is also presented in which a demonstration of the model is given and the face validity and sensitivity of the parameters are shown. Previously, similar approaches have made use of second order model descriptions. The formulation of this model as a first order model makes use of the advantages of first order models and also applies the improved accuracy of Lagrangian coordinates over the Eulerian coordinate system in time-stepping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2015 12:46:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1370483</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>What the crash dummies don't tell you: The interaction between driver and automation in emergency situations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1352532</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Systems design is plagued by criticism for failing to adequately define the role of the human within the system as a whole. Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) systems automate elements of the driving task by warning the driver of a collision risk and, if necessary, applying the brakes to reduce collision impact. As with all automated technologies, questions remain over whether or not AEB fundamentally changes the driving task by affecting the ways in which the driver interacts with vehicle systems. In order to address these concerns, Operator Sequence Diagrams have been developed to provide an insight into the roles of the driver and vehicle sub-systems in an emergency situation using the distributed cognition approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2015 12:42:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1352532</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of Alternative Methods for Modeling Joint Activity Participation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1337341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study represents a research effort to capture explicitly the intrahousehold interactions involved in the decision to participate in a joint activity. Joint activity participation is a lesser-explored step in activity-based travel demand modeling, since enlisting all possible subsets of household members in a large household results in many alternatives. For example, the number of possible subsets of members out of 10 persons is 210 = 1,024. After the exclusion of one empty subset and 10 subsets with a single member, 1,013 distinct subsets should be considered with two or more members for joint activity participation. Even more important, a joint choice model formulation is behaviorally unappealing and would require the formulation of a complicated utility function for each possible subset. Additionally, different subsets would have a highly different degree of similarity that would require a sophisticated error structure. This paper analyzes three methods to model joint activity participation that are relatively easy to estimate and implement for households of any size. In all three methods, the travel party is constructed on the basis of the individual and pairwise propensities of the household members to be engaged in a joint activity. These propensities are statistically estimated on survey data in the form of relatively simple binary choice models. The travel party emerges in the process of microsimulation as a result of the reconciliation of the decisions of different household members. This approach is an example of the use of the agent-based modeling paradigm to frame an intrahousehold decision-making mechanism in addition to econometric models.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2015 11:55:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1337341</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Airport Infrastructure Investment: Strategic Interaction or Strategic Allocation?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1339579</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the FAA forecasts air traffic growth for U.S. carriers to increase (by 90% in revenue passenger miles and by 50% in the number of handled aircraft) over the next 20 years, airports consequently will be subjected to problems associated with substantially increased levels of demand. One component of the solution is expected to come from further investments in improvements to airport infrastructure. Given current fiscal constraints, the inherent network structure of the National Airspace System, and the fact that delays and congestions propagate throughout the system, would it be more efficient for capital investments to be made in an integrated and intelligent fashion—one that serves to maximize the productivity of the entire system—rather than on an airport-by-airport basis? Therefore, the goals of this research were to understand current airport interactions and to provide a framework for quantifying how interactions spread throughout the network. These insights were uncovered by exploiting the network structure of the National Airspace System in the framework of spatial econometric modeling. The data necessary to determine these relationships came from multiple sources: the Bureau of Transportation Statistics Schedule T-100 data on origin–destination pairs provided dynamic measures of connectivity, while FAA data on airport investments provided the necessary information to determine infrastructure investment patterns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2015 08:28:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1339579</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interactive Planning Research between Urban Transport and Land Use from the Perspective of Mixed-Land Use</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1276696</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The interaction between urban traffic and land use becomes increasingly complex; interactive planning between them has been an inevitable trend. So in the interactive planning how to solve sharp contradictions of urban traffic between supply and demand is an urgent problem. With application of mixed land use, it will reduce the number of unnecessary cross-traffic flows to ease the contradiction between supply and demand in urban traffic. The paper, first based on the analysis of the interactions among them, introduces entropy index and network saturation index and establishes the functional relationship between them. By the process of partition—to improve the mixed degree of land—transition of whole traffic pattern to demand, the paper completes discussion of mixed-land use application in interactive planning. The conclusion is that with the partition, rationalization of mixed degree of land and transformation of traffic demand mode, mixed degree of urban land and transportation development level could harmonize and promote each other better.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2014 12:33:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1276696</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Understanding Joint Daily Activity Pattern Choices across Household Members Using a Latent Class Model Framework</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1287392</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, there has been an emphasis to better understand how intra-household relationships impact activity participation decisions.  In most operational activity-based model (ABM) systems developed in the U.S., a day activity pattern model is used to describe an individual’s overall activity engagement for a day.  Typically, intra-household interactions are controlled for explicitly in such models.  This paper uses a latent class model framework of day activity pattern to capture these intra-household relationships.  This is achieved by defining the latent class structure at the household level.  While independence is assumed across individual activity pattern choices conditional upon household class membership, the household class structure, nonetheless, results in interdependencies emerging across household members.  The model uses data from the Houston-Galveston region and is compared to the day activity pattern model estimated for that region’s ABM.  Results suggest the latent class specification is well-suited to this choice context, both in terms fitting the observed data, and in terms of matching observed joint distributions of day activity pattern choice across members of the same household.  Moreover, the model specification is easy to interpret and implement, and can easily accommodate households of any size.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Feb 2014 12:33:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1287392</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Incorporating Intrahousehold Interactions into a Tour-Based Model of Public Transport Use in Car-Negotiating Households</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1240354</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Intrahousehold interactions in travel are fundamental to an understanding of activity travel behavior, as reflected by the substantial percentage of regional travel that is made jointly. The development of travel demand models that incorporate intrahousehold interactions is crucial to a credible analysis of traveler response to policies. A tour-based modeling framework is used to examine intrahousehold interactions in travel mode choice with a focus on public transport use in households having differences in car availability. An important distinction is made between car-sufficient households (in which there are at least as many cars in the household as license holders) and car-negotiating households (households that have fewer cars than license holders). Intrahousehold interactions and temporal–spatial constraints are explicitly represented by different patterns of joint household tours, with home-based tours as the unit of analysis. The empirical analysis is based on a nested logit model that was developed to integrate intrahousehold interactions with tour-based mode choices; Sydney Household Travel Survey data are used. The results show that joint household travel accounts for more than half of weekday home-based tours in Sydney, Australia. The arrangement of joint household tours is shown to depend on household context, situational factors, and social constraints. Mode choice associated with different joint tour patterns is influenced by household and individual characteristics, tour attributes, and transport-related fringe benefits.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Feb 2013 09:25:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1240354</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bicycles 2012</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1237950</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This issue contains 16 papers concerned with the following aspects of bicycle travel: electric bikes and transportation policy; flashing beacons at trail crossings; lateral placement of motor vehicles when passing bicyclists; separated, on-street bicycle infrastructure; greenway quality; bicycle level of service; traffic safety for electric bike riders; self-reported bicycling injuries and perceived risk of cyclists; use of shared bicycle systems; bicycle mode choice; bicycle-vehicle interactions on urban roadways; bicycle commuting; bicycle access to airports; and estimating latent cycling trips.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 12:00:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1237950</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>