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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>END BEARING CAPACITY OF DRILLED SHAFTS IN ROCK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/487631</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a new empirical relation between the unconfined compressive strength of intact rock and the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts in rock is developed.  In addition, an analytical relation between rock mass strength and end bearing capacity is developed to explicitly consider the effect of discontinuities.  Specifically, a database of 39 load tests is used in this paper to derive the new relation between end bearing capacity and unconfined compressive strength of intact rock.  The derived relation indicates that the end bearing capacity factor, which is the ratio of the end bearing capacity and the unconfined compressive strength of intact rock, decreases with increasing unconfined compressive strength.  This is in contrast to many existing relations assuming constant end bearing capacity factor values.  Since this new empirical relation is derived from the results of load tests, the effect of discontinuities is implicitly considered.  To explicitly study the effect of discontinuities, an analytical relation based on the Hoek-Brown strength criterion that considers the effect of discontinuities is developed.  The new analytical and empirical relations are in good agreement and are thus combined in a simplified form for predicting the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts socketed into rock masses.  A comparison with two examples from instrumented test shafts indicates that the recommended relation produces satisfactory predictions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/487631</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MANAGING THE LIFE-CYCLE SAFETY OF DETERIORATING BRIDGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/464122</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study summarizes recent bridge research work at the University of Colorado including a segment-based inspection and reporting methodology, deterioration modeling, probabilistic evaluation of bridge inspection methods, and a novel methodology for life-cycle reliability-based cost optimization. The latter methodology proposed is broad and includes intact (undamaged) and residual (damaged) constraints, planning of inspection and repair during the life-cycle of a bridge, and initial, maintenance, and failure costs. An example of managing the life-cycle safety and cost of a reinforced concrete bridge is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Sep 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/464122</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IDENTIFICATION OF NON-LINEAR EFFECTS IN PREDICTING THE MOTION RESPONSE OF MOBILE PLATFORMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437207</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of an extensive parametric study will be discussed to illustrate the effect of various non-linearities in predicting the motion response of a floating structure during intact, post-flooding and damaged conditions. During the study two wave headings angles were taken into account and the importance of each force component in wave excitation and motion induced forces, and of metacentric height and coupling between the different modes of motion was examined. In the paper the steady tilt and drift response phenomenon are highlighted through non-linear force and large amplitude motion calculations. The results of the time-domain simulation studies to illustrate the effect of current and wind loading is also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437207</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>STABILITY AFTER DAMAGE IN A SEAWAY FOR A RO-RO PASSENGER SHIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439626</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the existing criteria of stability for ships both intact and with damage are reviewed from a critical point of view.  It is found desirable to develop a time domain simulation procedure that allows a deeper analysis of the dynamic transient phases of the motion, especially in damaged condition.  At the same time, the action of a regular train of waves from arbitrary direction and of the sloshing in the flooded compartment is considered explicitly.  The possible consequences for the case of a RoRo passenger ship are indicated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439626</guid>
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      <title>A METHOD TO CALCULATE INTACT AND DAMAGE STABILITY OF PLATFORM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442766</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Previous methods for calculating intact and damage stability of floating offshore platforms were derived from experience with ships.  This paper presents an optimisation based method for computing the floating state of a platform and its initial stability in intact and damaged conditions.  Using this method the calculated results obtained will be more accurate than those obtained by methods derived from experience with ships.  In the first part of this paper, a set of equilibrium equations in general form is established for the platform in any floating state.  The the variables, parameters and object function are established.  The "Pattern Search" of Hook and Jeeves is used to solve for the floating state of platform in the intact or damaged conditions.  The computer program has been used for several platforms, an example is given in the last part of this paper. The results obtained show that the proposed method is feasible and convenient.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442766</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PASSENGER CARRYING HIGH-SPEED TWIN HULL CRAFT DEVELOPING SUITABLE STABILITY CRITERIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/443857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper relates to the development of suitable intact and damage stability criteria for High Speed Twin Hull Craft.  It describes the need for such development, having regard to the different behaviour of twin hull craft in a seaway as opposed to that of monohulls.  In addition it gives a synoptical description of the criteria, as provisionally accepted internationally and opens a discussion on these as well as on the assumed extent of damage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/443857</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTACT AND DAMAGE STABILITY OF CATAMARANS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/443903</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes a preliminary study addressing a number of fundamental concepts involved in calculating the hydrostatic stability of intact and damaged multi-hull vehicles.  The study is based on a computational procedure capable of incorporating in the stability assessment any restoration/excitation effect, in a manner consistent with physical considerations.  Using a 49m wave-piercing catamaran as an example, applications are considered to intact and damaged cases incorporating wind and wave effects, and the results are presented and discussed.  The over-riding conclusion from these applications is that dynamic effects must be a main consideration in assessing the stability of catamarans.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/443903</guid>
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      <title>SHIP STABILITY AND DAMAGE CONTROL STRENGTH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167396</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The first major item discussed is intact stability where grain cargoes and SOLAS 1974 are given special attention. The danger of losing stability in astern waves is referred to and introduction of the dynamic aspect explained. Research on stability is again increasing.  The second major item is tank subdivision and tanker safety especially in respect of the oil pollution risk.  Order from NSFI as No. 22404.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167396</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STABILITY OF OFFSHORE SUPPLY SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160816</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a communication to shipping organisations and shipbuilders dated 23 August 1977, the Chief of the Netherlands Shipping Inspectorate drew attention to the revised regulations concerning the intact stability of offshore supply ships.  This article deals with the special operational requirements of offshore supply ships which have led to the formulation of the new recommendation on intact stability for these vessels. Factors affecting the stability are considered as follows: Influence of Trim on Stability: Influence of Water on Deck: Operational Requirements: Criteria for Intact Stability: Conclusions.  The interim recommendation and the method for the calculation of stability curves are presented as an Appendix (in English).  Order from BSRA as No. 54,260.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160816</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN APPROXIMATE METHOD FOR FINDING MAXIMUM KG TO SATISFY THE IMCO INTACT STABILITY CRITERIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article demonstrates a simplified method of calculating the critical values of GM to satisfy the IMCO stability standards A, B and C.  After obtaining the critical GM, KG is estimated for each variant from initial stability equation.  Tables of particulars of correlated ships and comparison of critical values are included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159843</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BACKGROUND STUDY OF INTACT STABILITY STANDARDS FOR DYNAMICALLY SUPPORTED CRAFT (VOLUMES I-VI)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/152218</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A background study was performed as the first part of an examination of intact stability standards to be applied to United-States-flag, dynamically supported craft.  The background study consisted of a bibliographic search, document review, preparation of separate bibliographies for four selected classes of dynamically supported craft, and an annotation and critique of the most significant documents. Few dynamic stability related accidents were found to have occurred among dynamically supported craft to date, but the few that have occurred have provided supporting material for the study.  Key documents were reviewed and annotated giving details of model-test programs, stability criteria, full-scale-test series, and analytical studies.  It is believed that sufficient material has been found to support the next part of the study, which is to classify the craft according to their susceptibility to the development of similar stability standards.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/152218</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CLASSIFICATION OF INTACT STABILITY STANDARDS FOR DYNAMICALLY SUPPORTED CRAFT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/150298</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years there has been an increasing employment of high-speed marine craft dependent on dynamic and air-cushion lift for support and stability.  Existing regulations for the safety of ships and craft at sea are based upon displacement mode operation and cannot adequately be applied to high-speed craft when operating with their dynamic or air cushion means of support.  As a result, the U.S. Coast Guard has begun a study of stability standards for such craft which is being carried out as part of the Coast Guard's overall Commercial Vessel Safety (CVS) Program.  This report presents the results of the second (or classification) task of a four-task study of intact-stability standards.  Four broad categories of dynamically supported craft are examined: Amphibious Air-Cushion Vehicles (ACV), Rigid-Sidehull Surface-Effect Ships (SES), Hydrofoil Craft & Planing Craft.  The different methods by which stability in the nondisplacement mode is achieved by each of these categories is examined, along with the various stability related operational hazards to which they can be subjected. Existing stability standards are reviewed.  From these examinations and from the results of the background study prepared as Task 1, the four categories of dynamically supported craft considered have been divided into classes for which the same, or similar, intact stability standards can apply.  Tasks III and IV which have not yet been initiated are designed for the detailed investigation of stability parameters and for the development of recommended stability standards for one, or more, of the categories of craft examined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/150298</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASSESSING INTACT STABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper was originally prepared to provide discussion material for a proposed senior-level course in advanced stability considerations at the University of Michigan.  The author has since revised and restructured the paper.  The theory and history underlying existing intact stability criteria based on initial GM, righting moment balance and righting energy balance are discussed.  Application of these assessment methods is shown and the critical weaknesses of each are addressed.  Examples are drawn from current U.S. Coast Guard and IMCO requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTACT STABILITY CRITERIA: A STUDY OF MODERN METHODS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/149414</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the broad range of vessel forms which have evolved to meet current marine transportation needs, much recent effort has been directed at critically evaluating existing intact stability criteria and developing new standards.  The Author, of United States Coast Guard, discusses some of the important considerations involved in such an evaluation. Among his conclusions are that new criteria must be developed which deal with stability in following seas, stability with entrapped water on deck, and stability when beam winds combine with rolling.  Existing criteria must be modified accurately to reflect the upsetting mechanism involved.  In particular, those criteria which deal with static considerations of equilibrium for time-independent upsetting forces should be based on moment balance methods, or GM-based methods if they are sufficiently limited in their range of application that the inherent assumptions in this approach are satisfied.  Criterial which deal with dynamic upsetting forces should take the energy available in a sea state be accurately related to the ability of various vessels to resist rolling motions.  As advanced surface vessel concepts such as hydrofoils, air cushion vehicles, and SWATH ships continue to develop, more fundamental research into intact stability must be used to establish the basic considerations for each new vessel form and service. Statistical data on the safe operation of recently developed forms such as the offshore supply vessel are now readily available to serve as basis for general criteria for this type of craft.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/149414</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A RATIONAL APPROACH TO INTACT SHIP STABILITY ASSESSMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/152909</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, asymptotic and total stability of the non-linear free and forced pure rolling motions of a ship are investigated.  A ship performing a rolling motion is taken as a dynamical system. Lyapunov's direct method is employed in the analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/152909</guid>
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