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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>ALLOCATING LOSS AND DAMAGE TO THE RAILROAD TRANSPORT CYCLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/177254</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents a methodology for allocating loss and damage costs to various elements of the railroad transport cycle. Estimates of loss and damage attributed to linehaul shock and vibration and flat and hump yard coupling impacts are provided. In addition, loss and damage estimates are provided for various levels of overspeed impacts in hump yards. The methodology is also extended to allocate coupler damage to train-slack action and yard coupling impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/177254</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CRASH TESTS OF SHARPLY CURVED LIGHT-POST GUIDERAIL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/170434</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cables, W-beam, and box-beam guiderail on S 3x5.7 posts were crash tested on 50- and 100-ft radius curves. Head-on impacts on these sharply curved barriers produced much different results than standard angled impacts on tangent barriers. For the cable and W-beam barriers, deflections were much greater than for standard impacts, but decelerations remained low. For box-beam, deflections increased only slightly, but decelerations were greater.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/170434</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LABORATORY MODEL TESTING OF BRIDGE PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS AND DEVICES (FENDERING)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/171550</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents investigations and descriptions of a computer and laboratory model study of bridge protective systems and devices. Eight bridge protective systems were run by computer analysis to ascertain their effectiveness as a protective system. In addition, two bridges: the Benjamin Harrison Bridge and the Berwick Bay Bridge were analyzed by the computer and by hydraulic model testing. Based upon the analysis of these ten bridges and their respective protective systems, design standards and criteria were developed for AREA and AASHTO.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Jan 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/171550</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RAILROAD CAR COUPLING SHOCK, VERTICAL MOTION, AND ROLLER BEARING TEMPERATURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/169106</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Data were collected in a study of railroad car operating environment. Measurements were made on wheel bearing operating temperatures, coupling impact shock, and vertical motion of the car due to rail travel. Tests were conducted using an instrumented consist at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) at Pueblo, CO. in July and August 1976.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/169106</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON EFFECTS OF CARBON AND MANGANESE CONTENT AND OF GRAIN SIZE ON DYNAMIC STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162561</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The exceptionally low ductility of mild steel when separated by a rapidly moving crack may be attributed in part to its plastic flow strain-rate sensitivity.  The elevation in yield strength under conditions of rapidly rising stress adjacent to the crack tip suppresses formation of the energy-absorbing plastic zone.  Variation in composition, particularly of C and Mn content which affect the notched bar impact transition temperature, should also affect strain-rate sensitivity if this description is applicable. The general trends in yield point strain-rate sensitivity are found in agreement with effects of composition on the Charpy transition temperature. A good correlation is found to exist between the parameter k, found from the grain size dependency of dynamic upper yield strength, and the transition temperature expectancy for given composition. Plastic flow stress, at given high strain rate, can be correlated with free path in ferrite better than with ferrite grain size. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162561</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS OF THE UMTA STATE-OF-THE-ART CARS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/30289</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An engineering assessment of the crashworthiness of the UMTA State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC) has been conducted as part of a program to provide safer transportation to urban rail vehicles. Crash dynamics and crashworthiness methodology based on post-yield energy absorption characteristics and a 'weighted acceleration' severity index has been applied. Sensitivity studies have been conducted to show the effect of car buff strength, passenger relative velocity, passenger spacing, and cushioning on casualties as defined by the severity index. Major gains in injury reduction through improved internal cushioning are indicated. The prevention of car penetration by override is treated. The SOAC collision dynamics model is validated by comparison to the SOAC-gondola accident of August 11, 1973, and by comparison to a nonlinear finite element mathematical simulation of the SOAC in crash conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/30289</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROGRAM TO DEVELOP ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SHIPPING CONTAINER SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143589</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a program for developing analytical techniques to evaluate the response of nuclear material shipping containers to severe accidents. Both lumped-mass and finite element techniques are employed to predict shipping container and shipping container-carrier response to impact. The general impact problem is computationally expensive because of its nonlinear, three-dimensional nature. This expense is minimized by using approximate models to parametrically identify critical cases before more exact analyses are performed. The computer codes developed for solving the problem are being experimentally substantiated with test data from full-scale and scale-model container drop tests. (ERA citation 04:029409)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143589</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DYNAMIC ANALYSIS TO ESTABLISH NORMAL SHOCK AND VIBRATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL SHIPPING PACKAGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143502</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which the shocks and vibrations experienced by radioactive material shipping packages during normal transport conditions are influenced by, or are sensitive to, various structural parameters of the transport system (i.e., package, package supports, and vehicle). The purpose of this effort is to identify those parameters which significantly affect the normal shock and vibration environments so as to provide the basis for determining the forces transmitted to radioactive material packages. Determination of these forces will provide the input data necessary for a broad range of package-tiedown structural assessments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Dec 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143502</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BIRD STRIKES AND AVIATION SAFETY (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/89309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hazards to aircraft created by engine ingestion or airplane interception of birds are investigated in these Government-sponsored research reports. Bird damage assessment, structural strengthening, windshield design, and bird tracking and dispersal methods are studied.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/89309</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DYNAMIC ANALYSIS TO ESTABLISH NORMAL SHOCK AND VIBRATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL SHIPPING PACKAGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/88946</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new calculation sequence was developed to simulate the behavior of the coupler subsystem for the cask-rail car (hammer car) and the lead car in the group it impacts (struck car) during humping operations. This new coupler submodel simulates the hysteresis-type behavior of friction draft gears. Friction draft gears consist of springs and dampers in parallel rather than the series arrangement upon which the previous calculation sequence was based. Results from this submodel compare well with experimental results for friction draft gears in their "active" state during impact (before bottoming out and during recoil). This coupler submodel will now be incorporated into the full cask-rail car model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/88946</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TASK 3 TEST REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLIANCE TEST FOR TRUCK REAR UNDERRIDE PROTECTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/88627</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the results of the two passenger car-to-rear underride crash tests conducted in accordance with the requirements of Task 3 of the "Development of Compliance Test for Truck Rear Underride Protection" program. The test vehicles selected for Task 3 tests were 1966 full-size Ford Galaxy four-door sedans. These vehicles were impacted into a bolt-on underride guard (Fruehauf Part No. FCE-1456-1) mounted to a truck/trailer body simulator. The trailer body simulator used for the tests was a modified 1977 Fruehauf 40-foot heavy duty platform trailer with Select-A-Point tandem rear wheels. For these two tests, one uninstrumented 50th percentile VIP anthropomorphic dummy was placed in the driver position in the car. The occupant was restrained with the vehicle's restraint system. The seat tracks were welded in the mid-position to prevent breakaway and/or rotation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/88627</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BIRD IMPACT FORCES AND PRESSURES ON RIGID AND COMPLIANT TARGETS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/82654</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Birds and aircraft occupy the same air space and collisions between the two are inevitable. As aircraft speeds have increased, the severity and importance of bird/aircraft impact have also increased. As a result, efforts have been made to reduce the probability of collision by controlling the movement of birds and by changing the flight paths of aircraft. These actions can and have reduced the probability of collision but have not eliminated it. Therefore, the Air Force has initiated programs designed to increase birdstrike resistance of aircraft and aircraft components. This report describes a program which was conducted to establish the loads which birds exert on aircraft transparencies in collisions. The loads as derived in this program were to be used as input for the structural analysis computer code of windshield response to bird impact.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 May 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/82654</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO SHIP SLAMMING (SLAM)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57855</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes a computer program, SLAM, which uses ship slamming-impact forces and structural parameters of the hull to calculate the vertical hull-girder vibratory response in terms of displacements, accelerations, bending moments, shear forces, and stresses. The normal mode method is used so that the user can calculate only the modes of interest and can eliminate the rigid body and higher modes. Modal responses are calculated with a time-marching technique. The program uses a finite-element model of a beam which is suitable for conventional monohulls. Modifications to accommodate other model configurations can be made. Test problems show good agreement with exact solutions for a uniform Euler beam. Sample calculations are made on a MARINER-Class hull using 3 modes and again using 10 modes. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57855</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENT DATA BANK INDEX</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/30456</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In an effort to determine operating conditions under which shipping containers will be exposed, a ''Data Bank'' of environmental information has been established by Sandia Laboratories, Division 1542, for the ERDA Division of Waste Management and Transportation. This document is an index which can be used to request data of interest.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 04 Feb 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/30456</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OCCUPANT SURVIVABILITY IN LATERAL COLLISIONS. SUMMARY REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/30868</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The program focused on evaluating the extent of occupant protection offered by a conventional, full-size automobile when involved in various types of intervehicular lateral collisions, and assessing the feasibility of improving such protection by the incorporation of structural, glazing and interior modifications (or combinations thereof). A total of seven baseline and six modified vehicle crash tests were performed, as well as numerous developmental tests of various energy-absorbing glazing and padding constructions. The report contains an overview of the developmental testing effort and pertinent results; conclusions and recommendations based on these results are also presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/30868</guid>
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