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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>PARCEL CHEMICAL CARRIERS: CHARACTERISTICS AND OPERATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167208</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Parcel chemical carriers are a type of tank ship purpose-built to carry a variety of bulk liquids requiring specialized cargo handling and cargo containments.  The ships are designed and built to provide exceptional flexibility of cargo tank use and cargo stowage over a wide range of liquid cargo characteristics.  The paper describes the salient and more unique characteristics of this ship type.  The manner in which cargo tank configuration design is dependent upon trade routes, regulatory requirements for dangerous cargo, and other special requirements are described.  Cargo handling flexibility is reviewed. Operational points particular to this ship type are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167208</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AN INTERIM REPORT OF THE CARGO DISCHARGE AND TANK CLEANING EXPERIMENTS CARRIED OUT ON THE CHEMICAL TANKER MV ANCO ENDEAVOUR NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1978</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/157233</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Experiments were conducted on residue assessment, purging, washing, and venting on the Amco Endeavour.  A report was prepared to help the IMCO Sub-Committee on Bulk Chemcials finalize the Standards for Procedures and Arrangements for the discharge of noxious liquid substances.  The report shows the use of a calibration method of residue assessment, the efficiency of pipeline purging procedures, that efficient cargo stripping can simplify slops discharge procedures, and that cleaning by ventilation can be a rapid process in some circumstances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/157233</guid>
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      <title>IMPLICATIONS OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS ON THE BULK CHEMICAL TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/154336</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The IMCO Code has been in place a number of years and in fact has been amended a number of times.  Many countries have begun implementing the Code in national regulations. Further many countries now require the IMCO Code Certificate as a pre-condition to entry into their ports.  Pollution prevention has also been addressed by IMCO.  Annex II of MARPOL 73 includes detail requirements to prevent/control operational discharges from chemical tankers.  Annex II, also serves as the legal mechanism to make the Chemical Code mandatory.  Today's chemical tanker owner does not lack for guidance.  Most probably he is a bit confused and bewildered with all of the standards and regulations he must follow. Many must hope for a moratorium which would permit time to catch up with all that has happened.  Of course, that is not the case.  IMCO's programme continues, as do national regulatory and legislative programmes.  This paper will examine current legislative and regulatory activity that will have pronounced influences on the chemical tanker industry in the future.  The aim is to identify the potential implications of the activity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/154336</guid>
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      <title>HAZARD EVALUATION OF CHEMICALS AND THE DERIVATION OF CRITERIA FOR DECIDING THE APPROPRIATE IMCO SHIP TYPE AND RELATED SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/154339</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The IMCO "Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk' (hereinafter referred to as the Code) was developed to provide an agreed international standard for the safe carriage of dangerous chemicals in bulk.  It prescribes constructional features of ships involved in such carriage, and the equipment they should carry with regard to the nature of the products transported.  The basic philosophy is that the containment and operational requirements are relatd to the hazards of the various chemicals covered by the Code.  Since the first edition of the Code in 1971, a good deal of experience has been gained in its use, and in the carriage in bulk of an increasingly wide range of liquid chemicals.  In May 1976 the new IMCO Sub-Committee on Bulk Chemicals (BCH) met for the first time.  When the original edition of the Code was published in 1971, the chemicals therein were assigned to Chapters VI and VII using as a basic guide the United States publication "Evaluation of the Hazards of Bulk Water Transportation of Industrial Chemicals", supplemented by other hazard rating systems.  However the IMCO, BCH Sub-Committee agreed at its fourth session in May 1978 that, in accordance with its terms of reference noted above, criteria for this work should be developed and agreed internationally as a matter of priority.  Within the United Kingdom, a group of interested parties representing government and the chemical and shipping industries has applied itself to the subject.  The author has been closely associated with these discussions and has given considerable thought to the problems and parameters involved.  Some observations and comments arising from this study, on the development of criteria for placing chemicals into Chapter VI and for assigning appropriate special requirements to them, are set out in this paper.  In addition, a suggested set of such criteria is offered for comment in the annex.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/154339</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OVERALL RISK QUANTIFICATION - THE NEED FOR IMPROVED INDUSTRY/IMCO LIAISON IN FUTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/154340</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper demonstrates that the chemical industry has an acceptable safety record and suggests that the techniques of hazard analysis which have made this possible might with advantage be applied to the shipment of chemical cargoes. Examples are given where more direct technical input from chemical companies to their respective national delegations at IMCO might have resulted in recommendations offering even greater safety at the land/sea interface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/154340</guid>
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      <title>THE CARRIAGE OF METAL SULPHIDE CONCENTRATES IN BULK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/154480</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The dangers of spontaneous heating and of corrosion are described.  The reduction of oxygen in holds and the emission of poisonous gases due to chemical processes taking place spontaneously in the cargo is discussed, and the Author emphasises the need for crew to wear breathing apparatus when entering holds or bulk cargo compartments. IMCO regulations for stowing, segregation and discharging are presented.  The Author concludes that a better knowledge of the composition, the properties and the dangers relating to the carriage of metal sulphide concentrates will undoubtedly add to the safety on board of ships. Order from BSRA as No.  52,710.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/154480</guid>
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      <title>RESULTS OF THE 1978 IMCO STANDARDS OF TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING CONFERENCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/146349</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper and its attachments is to elaborate on those aspects of the February 1978 International Conference on Training and Certification of Seafarers that bear directly on operators of tank vessels, LNG and chemical carriers. Order from NSFI as No. 17843.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Dec 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/146349</guid>
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      <title>INTERNATIONAL MARITIME DANGEROUS GOODS CODE (IMDG). 1977 EDITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/85025</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The detailed provisions of the IMDG Code are designed to aid compliance with international legal requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960, regarding the carriage of dangerous goods by sea.  It is also intended as the basis for individual national requirements in order to provide harmonization between countries engaged in such trade.  This edition contains all amendments up to No. 13 (1976) as approved by the IMCO Maritime Safety Committee.  Annual supplements include future amendments as approved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/85025</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>HAZARDOUS CARGO IN UNIT RO-RO LOADS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/80981</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author defines hazardous cargoes as those which are highly flammable, corrosive or toxic and refers to the problems which arise with the introduction of new chemicals, the lack of product information, the use of trade names which may not be easily identifiable and the misuse of plates and labels.  He mentions the new I.M.C.O. recommendations and the Blue Book (which refers to British vessels), and comments on the absence of standard regulations between most countries while mentioning the Hazchem and Kemler codings.  The differing problems of handling spillages ashore and at sea are discussed as are the difference in bye laws and requirements of ports.  The paper concludes by considering the types of tanks suitable for carrying specific commodities and allied subjects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/80981</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STABILITY OF CHEMICAL CARRIERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/79351</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Author discusses all the aspects of the stability of chemical carriers dealt with by the rules, in that the relevant regulations laid down in the IMCO Code for chemical products (Resolution A212) (1) must be satisfied as regards stability for the purpose of obtaining a SOLAS 60 certificate of safe construction.  Order from BSRA as No. 49,109.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/79351</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PARCEL TANKER TRADES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57389</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Study examines the main inter-area, deep-sea trades of non-petroleum bulk liquids (excluding heavy chemicals-the inorganic acids and caustic soda) that are transported by tankers in excess of 10,000 DWT having a greater sophistication than is normally found in a conventional products tanker (a definition which embraces a somewhat wider range of ships than the highly sophisticated "pure" parcel tanker category).  These trades possess the following distinctive features: complexity, with a wide range of different ship types following complicated trading patterns and carrying cargoes for many different end uses; diversity, of cargo types, of ship categories and between the policies of the various participants in the trades; scarcity of information, unlike the trade in crude oil and refined products, details of the seaborne movement of nonpetroleum bulk liquids are not well documented and cannot be easily extracted from trade statistics.  Further, the fleet of parcel tankers (as defined here) is not easily identified; indeed, there is a considerable "grey" area between refined products carriers and chemical carriers.  This scarcity of information has proved to be a serious constraint on the analysis of this study, leading to a broad and generalized approach to both the trade analysis and fleet identification, with the objective of identifying significant trends and the key veriables.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57389</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE DANGER OF FIRE IN THE CARRIAGE OF SULPHIDE CONCENTRATES IN BULK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/60395</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author has had first hand experience with the transport of metal sulphide concentrates in bulk and in the first part of a study on this subject he deals with the danger of fire and how it can occur if proper precautions are not taken. In the English Channel on Februrary 18 Captain Ghys was in charge of fire fighting operations aboard the Greek m.v. "Tatrina" which was fully loaded with chemicals.  The vessel was not allowed to enter any port until the fire was extinguished and gas free.  This was achieved with a limited crew, two miles off Zeebrughes, and the ship eventually entered the port of Ostend on March 3.  Other aspects of transporting sulphide concentrates (the danger of corrosion, the lessening of the oxygen content in the hold and the emission of poisonous fumes) will be published in future issues of this journal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/60395</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CALCULATION AT THE DESIGN STAGE OF THE PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF A SHIP FOR THE CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/67479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design of chemical tankers is a difficult process compounded by the need to observe various national and international regulations governing such matters as cargo segregation, subdivision, and maintenance of stability after an accident.  Of particular importance in this respect is resolution A2/2/VII of the IMCO Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/67479</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE 1973 MARINE POLLUTION CONVENTION'S IMPACT ON SHIPS TRANSPORTING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/46752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Convention will regulate discharges of oil, noxious chemicals, sewage, and garbage into the sea.  It also includes control provisions to ensure compliance.  Annexes I and II of the Convention are mandatory while III, IV, and V are optional.  Annex II provides the international regulations and controls needed to limit the international discharges and to set minimum vessel standards that would limit accidental discharges.  It evaluates and categorizes the substances according to their hazard, prescribes discharge limits depending upon the category, and provides control procedures to ensure compliance.  Annex II contains regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried on the sea in package and other similar forms.  General requirements are established for package and other similar forms.  General requirements are established for packaging, making and labeling, stowage, quantity limitations, and notification.  The major impact of the Convention will be on chemical tanker operations due to the changes necessitated by the regulations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/46752</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CHEMICAL CARRIERS: DAMAGE STABILITY INVESTIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/29549</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Provides the shipping industry with some guidance regarding the IMCO Chemical Carriers code, Resolution A212 (VII).  It deals particularly with the requirements of the code regarding Damage Stability and buoyancy.  The code has set a major precedent in this field since the International Loadline Convention 1966 (Regulation 27), by providing well defined criteria to be met.  Due to the amount and complexity of flooding calculations contemplated in the code, quite a number of problems have been raised by possible interpretations of the code.  To help resolve some of these questions the Bureau Veritas note describes the general procedure to carry out the required calculation as well as the societies own opinions and interpretations by means of sample computation of actual flooding cases.  The guidance note will be of assistance to naval architects and ship owners concerned with the actual application of the code.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/29549</guid>
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