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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7SHlwZXJib2xpYyBmdW5jdGlvbnMmcXVvdDsiIG9yaWdpbmFsX3ZhbHVlPSImcXVvdDtIeXBlcmJvbGljIGZ1bmN0aW9ucyZxdW90OyIgLz48L2ZpbHRlcnM+PHJhbmdlcyAvPjxzb3J0cz48c29ydCBmaWVsZD0icHVibGlzaGVkIiBvcmRlcj0iZGVzYyIgLz48L3NvcnRzPjxwZXJzaXN0cz48cGVyc2lzdCBuYW1lPSJyYW5nZXR5cGUiIHZhbHVlPSJwdWJsaXNoZWRkYXRlIiAvPjwvcGVyc2lzdHM+PC9zZWFyY2g+" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Hyperbolic Uncertainty Aware Semantic Segmentation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2337161</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Semantic segmentation (SS) aims to classify each pixel into one of the pre-defined classes. This task plays an important role in self-driving cars and autonomous drones. In SS, many works have shown that most misclassified pixels are commonly near object boundaries with high uncertainties. However, existing SS loss functions are not tailored to handle these uncertain pixels during training, as these pixels are usually treated equally as confidently classified pixels and cannot be embedded with arbitrary low distortion in Euclidean space, thereby degenerating the performance of SS. To overcome this problem, this paper designs a Hyperbolic Uncertainty Loss (HyperUL), which dynamically highlights the misclassified and high-uncertainty pixels in Hyperbolic space during training via the hyperbolic distances. The proposed HyperUL is model agnostic and can be easily applied to various neural architectures. After employing HyperUL to three recent SS models, the experimental results on Cityscapes, UAVid, and ACDC datasets reveal that the segmentation performance of existing SS models can be consistently improved. Additionally, reliable measurement of model uncertainty plays a key role in real-world applications such as autonomous controls of vehicles and drones. To meet this requirement, the authors propose the Hyperbolic Uncertainty Estimation method, which is easily implemented by only post-processing the generated Hyperbolic embeddings. By this approach, they can calculate the uncertainty values almost for free. Quantitative and qualitative results on Cityscapes, UAVid, and ACDC datasets verify that their proposed uncertainty estimation method usually outputs more meaningful results compared with popular MC-dropout and ensembling methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2024 10:54:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2337161</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>On the Limitations of Physics-Informed Deep Learning: Illustrations Using First-Order Hyperbolic Conservation Law-Based Traffic Flow Models</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2230976</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since its introduction in 2017, physics-informed deep learning (PIDL) has garnered growing popularity in understanding the systems governed by physical laws in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, empirical evidence points to the limitations of PIDL for learning certain types of PDEs. In this paper, the authors (a) present the challenges in training PIDL architecture, (b) contrast the performance of PIDL architecture in learning a first order scalar hyperbolic conservation law and its parabolic counterpart, (c) investigate the effect of training data sampling, which corresponds to various sensing scenarios in traffic networks, (d) comment on the implications of PIDL limitations for traffic flow estimation and prediction in practice. Case studies present the contrast in PIDL results between learning the traffic flow model (LWR PDE) and its diffusive variation. The outcome indicates that PIDL experiences significant challenges in learning the hyperbolic LWR equation due to the non-smoothness of its solution. Conversely, the architecture with parabolic PDE, augmented with the diffusion term, leads to the successful reassembly of the density data even with the shockwaves present. The paper concludes by providing a discussion on recent assessments of reasons behind the challenge PIDL encounters with hyperbolic PDEs and the corresponding mitigation strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Aug 2023 09:19:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2230976</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determination of the ultimate consolidation settlement of jack-up spudcan footings embedded in clays</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1866800</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When jack-up platforms are deployed for long-term services such as those functioning as production units, the consolidation settlement of spudcan footings is an issue of particular concern. Unpredicted and thus unprepared settlement may do harm to the serviceability and safety of jack-up rigs. Through centrifuge experiment and large deformation finite element calculation, this paper first illustrates the inherent correlation between the excess pore pressure dissipation inside soil and spudcan settlement development. With the measured and calculated settlement time histories, subsequent efforts are directed towards exploring how to predict the ultimate consolidation settlement with accuracy. Particular attentions are placed on investigating the applicability and advantages of two observational methods: Asaoka's method and Hyperbolic approach. Their prediction performances for spudcan with various soil, loading, embedment and geometrical conditions are symmetrically evaluated through numerical parametric investigation. The upper and lower limits of their prediction errors are established. Explicit recommendations are given on the selection of appropriate prediction approaches for different consolidation conditions. The practical significance of these research outcomes lies in 1) providing guidance on the selection of settlement prediction approaches; 2) establishing the limits of prediction errors involved. These are expected to be particularly useful for the field monitoring of spudcan settlement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jul 2021 15:25:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1866800</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Dynamic Pile Load Test Results and Further Its Uses</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1591014</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Static pile load test is costly and time consuming test. Therefore, dynamic pile load test can be considered as alternative test. Limitation of dynamic pile load test is that it cannot identify the actual capacity of the pile and use only for design capacity verification during construction stage not Detailed Design Stage. Therefore, benefit from pile load test is not obtained like reduction of pile length/number of piles in group. Extrapolation method presented in this paper and compared with capacity obtained geotechnical report. Hyperbolic graph has been used for pile capacity. This paper presents preparation of hyperbolic curve for load settlement and its uses for capacity evaluation and separation of skin friction and end bearing. Projected capacity is also compared with one static pile load test near Pier P2 and found satisfactory co-relation. It is found that capacity of piles are increased by about 37 % and factor of safety used capacity analysis can be reduced by in the range of 20-30 %.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1591014</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Velocity Control Strategies to Improve Automated Vehicle Driving Comfort</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1498387</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automated vehicles are rapidly emerging as the new generation of transport tools. Relevant research mainly focuses on collision avoidance, lane keeping, and coordination control to ensure driving safety and improve efficiency, with little emphasis on passenger comfort. This paper proposes a set of comfortbased velocity control strategies on the basis of driving safety. Driving comfort was evaluated by multiple accelerometers fixed inside vehicles. Power spectral density analysis and one-third octave band filtering were applied to derive the weighted root mean square acceleration as an evaluation indicator for comfort. The annoy rate model is proposed to describe individual sensitivity to vibration. Field tests were conducted to investigate interactions between pavement roughness, speed, and comfort, and multiple linear relationships were identified. Three typical processes were considered: deceleration phase, uniform speed phase and abnormal occasions. The hyperbolic tangent function was utilized to provide moderate deceleration. Model parameters were set to guarantee maximal deceleration and jerk within acceptable limits. Nonlinear programming was used to balance between rapid deceleration and bumps caused by abnormal obstacles. The proposed strategy can potentially be applied for automated vehicles to improve the perceived quality of automated driving.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 2018 10:51:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1498387</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Some Observations of the Influence Factors on the Response of Pile Groups</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1453913</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A simplified approach for nonlinear analysis of the load-displacement response of pile groups embedded in multilayered soils is presented in this work. A hyperbolic model is used to capture the relationship between unit skin friction and pile-soil relative displacement developed along the pile-soil interface and the stress-displacement relationship developed at the pile end. Considering interactive effect among piles, the parameters related to the hyperbolic model of an individual pile in a group can be computed. As to the analysis of the response of pile groups, a highly effective iterative computer program is developed using the hyperbolic model of an individual pile in a group. The efficiency and accuracy of the present method is verified using a well-documented field test. Furthermore, a parametric study is conducted to capture the influence of pile spacing and number of piles on the load-settlement response of the pile groups connected to a rigid cap. The pile-group settlement ratio and the pile-group resistance ratio are analyzed to assess the interaction effect among individual piles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Apr 2017 10:40:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1453913</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Velocity Control Strategies to Improve Automated Vehicle Driving Comfort</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1438507</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automated vehicles are rapidly emerging as the new generation of transport tools. Relevant research mainly focuses on collision avoidance, lane keeping, and coordination control to ensure driving safety and improve efficiency, with little emphasis on passenger comfort. This paper proposes a set of comfort-based velocity control strategies on the basis of driving safety. Driving comfort was evaluated by multiple accelerometers fixed inside vehicles. Power spectral density analysis and one-third octave band filtering were applied to derive the weighted root mean square acceleration as an evaluation indicator for comfort. The annoy rate model is proposed to describe individual sensitivity to vibration. Field tests were conducted to investigate interactions between pavement roughness, speed, and comfort, and multiple linear relationships were identified. Three typical processes were considered: deceleration phase, uniform speed phase and abnormal occasions. The hyperbolic tangent function was utilized to provide moderate deceleration. Model parameters were set to guarantee maximal deceleration and jerk within acceptable limits. Nonlinear programming was used to balance between rapid deceleration and bumps caused by abnormal obstacles. The proposed strategy can potentially be applied for automated vehicles to improve the perceived quality of automated driving.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jan 2017 09:28:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1438507</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sliding mode control of hyperbolic PDE system with parametric variations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1354754</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper design of nonlinear sliding mode feedback controller for a model representing crowd dynamics is presented. The model is presented as hyperbolic partial differential equation based on the laws of conservation of mass. The feedback control is designed in presence of uncertainties due to parametric variations. The controller is designed using sliding mode method. The controllers designed are shown to be robust to parametric variation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2015 13:43:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1354754</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Parabolic-Hyperbolic Model Usable in Electromagnetics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1353138</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents a phenomenological analysis from a statistical-mathematical point of view, of the interrelation of three quantities: the magnetic potential depending of the electrical current and the air-gap. The magnetic potential was determined through numerical simulations considering different values for the electrical current and the air gap corresponding to a E-E type, DC fed electromagnet. To this purpose, the FEMM 2D program was used for non-linear media in stationary conditions. For the case under study, the authors propose a parabolic-hyperbolic dependence. This analysis is precedeed by the validation of the accuracy of test data, operation confirmed by the Shapiro – Wilk concordance test, specific to this kind of statistical distribution. Also, the correlation coefficient associated to data included in the statistical sample and those obtained using the regression equation highlights their high similarity, hypothesis also proven by another indicator – Hamming distance – concept related to fuzzy logic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2015 09:24:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1353138</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Green Water Loading on a Floating Structure with Degree of Freedom Effects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1329181</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of the present work is to investigate whether the degree of freedom (DOF) of a floating body has a notable effect on the maximum impact pressure due to green water on deck. The analysis is carried out for a box-shaped floating structure with a deckhouse, using experimental and numerical means to model the green water load. Green water on deck and impact on the deckhouse is generated by the impingement of a focusing wave group on a floating structure. Computations are performed using a two-dimensional constrained interpolation profile-based model solving the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations with free surface boundary condition to deal with nonlinear water-structure interactions. The free surface is captured by a volume of fluid (VOF)-type tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing/slope weighting (THINC/SW), which is more accurate than the original THINC scheme. The verifications of the simulation through a series of model-to-model comparisons are performed in a two-dimensional glass-wall wave tank. Experimental water surface elevations, body motions and impact pressure are compared satisfactorily with the computed results for different DOFs cases. As a result, the peak impact pressure due to green water decreases rapidly with the increasing DOF.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Nov 2014 16:01:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1329181</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>New Load Transfer Hyperbolic Model for Pile-Soil Interface and Negative Skin Friction on Single Piles Embedded in Soft Soils</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286371</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A proper load transfer model describing the pile and surrounding soil interaction is important for accurately predicting the behavior of piles. In this paper, a new load transfer hyperbolic model for the pile-soil interface is developed based on soil-structure interface tests reported in the literature, which consider the characteristics of increasing initial shear stiffness, the development of shear strength at the pile-soil interface, the loading, step by step loading, unloading, and reverse loading shearing behavior of the pile-soil interface with consolidation. The proposed model was validated by the close agreement between the computed results and published case histories. Further studies based on the proposed model considering negative skin friction on single piles under pile head load and/or surcharge were subsequently conducted. It was found that the pile-soil interface undergoes complicated shearing, and the depth of the neutral plane (NP) and the skin friction along the pile shaft vary during consolidation. The magnitude of the pile head load and pile installation time has a significant impact on the depth of the NP and the dragload. Pile capacity was shown to decrease with consolidation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2014 14:29:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286371</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Load-Settlement Behavior of Drilled Shafts in Multilayered Deposits of Soils and Intermediate Geomaterials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1266228</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Using a hyperbolic model and curve-fitting techniques, curves of the nonlinear side resistance (fs) versus the ratio of shaft displacement to shaft diameter (Δ/d), measured in top-down static load tests on instrumented drilled shafts in multilayered deposits of soil and intermediate geomaterials (IGMs), have been analyzed to determine the values of shear modulus (G) and ultimate side friction (fsu). Values of G and fsu for each layer of soil and IGM so determined from load tests matched well with those determined from correlations. An iterative procedure based on hyperbolic curves of fs versus Δ/d derived using values of G and fsu determined either from correlations or from load tests was used to compute or back-calculate top-down load-settlement curves. The load-settlement curves determined via this procedure matched well with those measured from the top-down load tests both when the tip bears above a cavity or very soft soils and when the tip is bearing in a firm and dense IGM. It was found that an accurate axial load distribution and settlement profile along the length of a shaft can be determined via this procedure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 2013 14:01:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1266228</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using CANDE to Estimate Properties for a Mohr-Coulomb Material Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1129115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many culvert problems require a 3-dimensional analysis of the culvert and the surrounding soil.  A simple material model that is available in several 3-dimensional finite element programs is the Mohr-Coulomb model.  CANDE is a 2-dimensional finite element program that can utilize a Duncan/Selig hyperbolic soil material model.  The Duncan/Selig model is often a preferred choice for simulating soil/structure interaction.  Unfortunately, the Duncan/Selig model is not generally available in commercial 3-dimensional finite element programs.  This paper looks at a modeling a 2-dimensional culvert problem in both CANDE (with a Duncan/Selig material model) and with the ADINA software program using a Mohr-Coulomb material model.  By comparing results, appropriate values for Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are selected for the Mohr-Coulomb model that approximates the results from CANDE.  This process may be used to obtain approximate Mohr-Coulomb property values for 3-dimensional problems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Mar 2012 14:59:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1129115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aerodynamic Stability Analysis of Geometrically Nonlinear Orthotropic Membrane Structure with Hyperbolic Paraboloid</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1124851</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper studies the aerodynamic stability of a tensioned, geometrically nonlinear orthotropic membrane structure with hyperbolic paraboloid. The aerodynamic force acting on the membrane surface is determined by the potential flow theory in fluid mechanics and the thin airfoil theory in aerodynamics. The interaction governing the equation of wind-structure is established on the basis of large-amplitude theory and the D’Alembert principle. Then, under the circumstance of single-mode response, the Bubnov-Galerkin approximate method is applied to transform the complicated interaction equation into a system of second-order nonlinear differential equations with constant coefficients. Through judging the stability of the system characteristic equation, the critical velocity of divergence instability is determined. Different parameter analysis shows that the orthotropy and geometrical nonlinearity is significant for preventing destructive aerodynamic instability in membrane structures. Compared to the planar model, there is a little inconsistency about the divergence instability regularities in the hyperbolic paraboloid model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 14:23:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1124851</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analytic Method of Load-Displacement Curve for Tension Anchors Based on Hyperbolic Load-Transfer Function</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/968438</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Analysis of the mechanism of anchors requires consideration of nonlinear soil behavior and relative motions at the anchor-soil interface. Hyperbolic load-transfer function model, which can allow for these factors, is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of this interface. For tensile type anchors, a set of analytical equations for axial load-displacement relationships is established. Based on the solution, initial anchor pullout stiffness is determined to deduce an approximate formula for critical anchorage length which indicated the efficiency of anchors. Further study shows that the anchorage length has a very important influence on both frictional resistance distribution and ultimate bearing capacity of anchors. Thus, advices for design of anchors are given. The analytical solution provides satisfactory agreement with observed measurements in field test, and thus represents that the analytical solution is reasonable in theory and feasible in practice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Oct 2010 14:50:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/968438</guid>
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