<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7SHlkcmF1bGljIHJhZGl1cyZxdW90OyIgb3JpZ2luYWxfdmFsdWU9IiZxdW90O0h5ZHJhdWxpYyByYWRpdXMmcXVvdDsiIC8+PC9maWx0ZXJzPjxyYW5nZXMgLz48c29ydHM+PHNvcnQgZmllbGQ9InB1Ymxpc2hlZCIgb3JkZXI9ImRlc2MiIC8+PC9zb3J0cz48cGVyc2lzdHM+PHBlcnNpc3QgbmFtZT0icmFuZ2V0eXBlIiB2YWx1ZT0icHVibGlzaGVkZGF0ZSIgLz48L3BlcnNpc3RzPjwvc2VhcmNoPg==" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>ENHANCEMENT OF THE CULVERT OUTLET SCOUR ESTIMATION EQUATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469339</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study was conducted to simplify and broaden the procedures for estimating scour dimensions at culvert outlets.  In addition, a means was sought to incorporate the influence of culvert shape, culvert slope, and culvert drop height into the scour prediction procedure.  On the basis of a review of the literature and further analysis of existing outlet scour data, a general expression was developed relating the dimensions of scour to the culvert discharge, the hydraulic radius, time, and bed material gradation.  Culvert-slope and drop-height coefficients were formulated and integrated into the outlet-scour prediction procedure.  The results indicate that the 1983 HEC-14 scour calculation procedure can be more comprehensive and simplified for cohesionless materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Dec 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469339</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PAVEMENT SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH SKID RESISTANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/99660</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS REPORT, A GRADUATE THESIS, PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF A STUDY DESIGNED TO /1/ EVALUATE EXISTING AND DEVELOP NEW METHODS OF MEASURING THE MICROGEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PAVEMENT SURFACES AND /2/ DETERMINE IF SUCH MEASURED CHARACTERISTICS OR COMBINATIONS THEREOF CORRELATE WITH THE SKID PROPERTIES OF THE PAVEMENT SURFACES. THE REPORT CONTAINS /1/ DISCUSSION OF THE MECHANISM OF FRICTION BETWEEN A SLIDING TIRE AND THE ROAD SURFACE, /2/ DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROAD SURFACE, /3/ DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTATION USED TO OBTAIN DETAILED MICROPROFILES OF THE ROAD SURFACE, /4/ DISCUSSION OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES USED TO MEASURE SEVEN OF THE SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS JUDGED FROM EXPERIENCE TO BE MOST LIKELY TO CORRELATE WITH ROAD-TIRE FRICTION AND /5/ CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE SELECTED SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS AND SKID RESISTANCE. FIVE OF THE ABOVE-MENTIONED SEVEN SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS-DRAINAGE AREA, MEAN ASPERITY HEIGHT, SHAPE FACTOR, MEAN VOID WIDTH AND MEAN HYDRAULIC RADIUS-WERE CHOSEN FOR POSSIBLE CORRELATION WITH THE GRADIENT OF THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT-SPEED RELATIONSHIP. THE OTHER TWO CHARACTERISTICS, HIGH PRESSURE PEAK DENSITY AND ACTUAL CONTACT AREA, WERE CHOSEN FOR POSSIBLE CORRELATION WITH THE MAGNITUDE OF THE LOW-SPEED COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION. FROM THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY, THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT' 1. SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE SIZE OF THE CHANNELS THROUGH WHICH WATER CAN ESCAPE FROM THE TIRE CONTACT AREA CORRELATE WITH THE GRADIENT OF THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT-SPEED RELATIONSHIP. 2. SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE PENETRATION OF THE ASPERITY PEAKS INTO THE TREAD RUBBER CORRELATE WITH THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION. 3. PERFECT CORRELATIONS CANNOT BE OBTAINED SINCE A SINGLE SURFACE CHARACTERISTIC CANNOT COMPLETELY DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF THE CONTACT BETWEEN THE TIRE AND THE PAVEMENT. 4. THE MEASUREMENTS MADE ON THE SELECTED SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS LEAVE SOMETHING TO BE DESIRED WHEN CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF STATISTICAL ADEQUACY AND RIGOROUS PROOF. /BPR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Nov 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/99660</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE CONCEPT OF MEAN HYDRAULIC RADIUS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/103905</link>
      <description><![CDATA[BY USING THE HYDRODYNAMIC ANALOGY BETWEEN THE TORSION OF A UNIFORM BAR WITH ARBITRARY CROSS-SECTION AND VISCOUS FLOW THROUGH A CHANNEL OF THE SAME SHAPE, THE FLOW RATE THROUGH ANY CHANNEL MAY BE PREDICTED BY (1) COMPUTATION OF THE ASPECT RATIO OF THE CROSS-SECTION OF THE CHANNEL, (2) MEASUREMENT OF THE AREA USING A PLANIMETER, (3) MEASUREMENT OF THE WETTED PERIMETER OF FLOW, AND (4) OBSERVATION OF THE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT SIDES COMPRISING THE CROSS-SECTION. THE MEAN HYDRAULIC RADIUS MAY BE OBTAINED AS THE QUOTIENT OF (2) AND (3). THIS PARAMETER IS THEN MODIFIED BY (1) AND (4) TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF THE PREDICTION. FOR CHANNELS WITH VARIABLE SHAPE AND SIZE ALONG THEIR LENGTH, THE SAME CONCEPTS MAY BE USED. IN SUCH CASES, AN EQUIVALENT AREA IS DEFINED IN THE COMPUTATION OF HYDRAULIC RADIUS ACCORDING TO A METHOD OUTLINED IN THE APPENDIX. EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT FOR THE CONCEPTS PROPOSED HAS BEEN FURNISHED FROM EXTENSIVE TESTS, USING PLATES WITH REGULAR AND RANDOM ASPERITIES. THE VALIDITY OF THE MEAN HYDRAULIC RADIUS CONCEPT HAS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SCIENTIFIC OUTFLOW INSTRUMENT WHICH IS CAPABLE OF PREDICTING THE DRAINAGE ABILITY OF ROAD SURFACES SUBJECTED TO PNEUMATIC TIRE TRAFFIC. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/103905</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEPTH OF FLOW AS A DESIGN CRITERION FOR CHANNELS WITH ARTIFICIAL LINERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/103890</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SIX ARTIFICIAL LINERS WERE INVESTIGATED TO DEVELOP DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ERODIBLE CHANNELS. LINERS INSTALLED ON FLAT-BOTTOM EARTH CHANNELS, 2 FT WIDE, 60 FT LONG, AND ON SLOPES UP TO 0.125 WERE SUBJECTED TO INCREASING FLOWS TO CHANNEL FAILURE. TEST SECTIONS OF SAND TO HEAVY CLAY WERE INSERTED IN THE CHANNEL FLOOR AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LINERS OBSERVED. MEASUREMENTS CONSISTED OF FLOW RATES, CHANNEL AND WATER SURFACE PROFILES, AND TEST SECTION EROSION. FOR EACH FLOW RATE, VALUES WERE DETERMINED FOR DEPTH OF FLOW, MEAN VELOCITY, HYDRAULIC RADIUS, SLOPE, AND EROSION. FAILURE OF THE TEST SECTIONS AND LINERS WAS NOTED. A REGRESSION ANALYSIS WAS USED TO FIT THE DATA FOR EACH LINER TO LOG V= LOG A + B LOG R + C LOG S. A HIGH CORRELATION OF VARIABLES WAS OBTAINED. THE COEFFICIENT AND EXPONENTS FOR THIS FORMULA ARE INCLUDED. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEPTH (A CRITERION EXPRESSING FAILURE) WAS CONSIDERED TO BE A FUNCTION OF SLOPE. THESE VARIABLES WERE EXAMINED IN A DEPTH-SLOPE PLOT WITH UPPER AND LOWER PARALLEL LIMITS WHICH REFLECT THE EROSION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TEST SOILS. THE DEPTH CRITERION, ALONG WITH THE FLOW RATING CURVES, CAN BE APPLIED TO THE DESIGN OF ARTIFICIALLY LINED CHANNELS OF ANY SHAPE. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/103890</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION ON THE VALIDITY OF THE HYDRAULIC RADIUS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/99001</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AN ANALYSIS IS MADE OF MEASUREMENTS IN SMOOTH RECTANGULAR CHANNELS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF THE CHANNEL ASPECT RATIO ON RESISTANCE TO FLOW. FROM THE ANALYSIS THE VALIDITY OF THE HYDRAULIC RADIUS AS THE SOLE GEOMETRICAL QUANTITY FOR USE IN THE COMPUTATION OF TURBULENT UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS IS APPRAISED. IT IS SHOWN THAT WHILE THE RELATIONSHIP IS NOT WELL DEFINED, THE ASPECT RATIO OF A SMOOTH RECTANGULAR CHANNEL DOES HAVE SOME EFFECT ON THE RESISTANCE TO FLOW. GRAPHS OF AVERAGE VELOCITY VERSUS HYDRAULIC RADIUS ARE PRESENTED FOR CHANNELS OF THE SAME SLOPE AND HYDRAULIC RADIUS, BUT WITH DIFFERENT ASPECT RATIOS. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FRICTION FACTOR AND REYNOLDS NUMBER IS COMPARED WITH SIMILAR DATA TAKEN BY OTHER INVESTIGATORS. IT IS SHOWN THAT USE OF THE HYDRAULIC RADIUS WITHOUT A CORRECTION FACTOR FOR SHAPE WILL RESULT IN SMALL ERRORS IN COMPUTATIONS FOR RECTANGULAR CHANNELS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/99001</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EROSION CONTROL CRITERIA FOR DRAINAGE CHANNELS, DRAFT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/98905</link>
      <description><![CDATA[TEMPORARY, ARTIFICIAL LININGS TO BE USED TO PREVENT EROSION IN DRAINAGE CHANNELS UNTIL VEGETATION CAN BE ESTABLISHED ARE ANALYZED. A VARIETY OF LINER MATERIALS WERE TESTED ON A SERIES OF TEN TEST SOILS. LINERS INCLUDED EROSIONET, JUTE MESH, FIBERGLAS MATS, EXCELSIOR MATS, STRANDED FIBERGLAS, STRAW, AND GRAVEL. LOOSE MATERIALS REQUIRED A COVER OF MESH PINNED TO THE CHANNEL. BARE SOIL CHANNELS AND CHANNELS WITH A GROWTH OF 2-1/2 INCH BERMUDA GRASS WERE ALSO STUDIED. CHANNEL CAPACITY INFORMATION IS PRESENTED IN THE FORM OF STATISTICALLY DERIVED EQUATIONS AND GRAPHS FOR EACH LINER RELATING VELOCITY, HYDRAULIC RADIUS, AND SLOPE. EROSION RESISTANCE IS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEPTH OF FLOW AS A FUNCTION OF SLOPE FOR EACH LINER. A RANGE OF VALUES IS PRESENTED BASED SUBJECTIVELY ON THE RELATIVE SOIL EROSION RESISTANCE. THE GOOD CORRELATION BETWEEN RESULTS OF THIS STUDY AND OTHER STUDIES CONCERNING SHORT BERMUDA GRASS PERMITS APPLICATION OF THE PROCEDURES OF THIS REPORT TO OTHER VEGETATIVE LININGS. COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN EXAMPLES ARE INCLUDED. /BPR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 02 Apr 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/98905</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ROCK RIPRAP DESIGN FOR PROTECTION OF STREAM CHANNELS NEAR HIGHWAY STRUCTURES. VOLUME 1 - HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF OPEN CHANNELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/281568</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Volume 1 discusses the hydraulic and channel properties of streams, based on data from several hundred sites. Streamflow and geomorphic data have been collected and developed to indicate the range in hydraulic factors typical of open channels, to assist design, maintenance, and construction engineers in preparing rock riprap bank protection.  Typical channels were found to have a maximum-to-mean depth ratio of 1.55 and a ratio of hydraulic radius to mean depth of 0.98, which is independent of width. Most stable channel characteristics for a given discharge are slope, maximum depth, and hydraulic radius.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/281568</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AVOIDING ERROR WHEN USING THE MANNING EQUATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/180805</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Using depth instead of hydraulic radius in the Manning Equation introduces a positive bias of 12.92% when the ratio of width to depth in the channel is 10, falling to 1.33% when the ratio is 100.  If the result is used subsequently the bias may be magnified to as much as 107%.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Aug 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/180805</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE QUESTION OF TRACTIVE FORCE IN SLOPES - A DISCUSSION /IN GERMAN/</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/119143</link>
      <description><![CDATA[EQUATIONS OF THE MAGNITUDE OF TRACTIVE FORCE ARE DISCUSSED AND THE HYDRAULIC RADIUS AND DEPTH SYMBOLS TO BE USED FOR DETERMINING THE ONSET OF EROSION ARE ESTABLISHED. PERMISSIBLE TRACTIVE FORCE WHICH ENSURES SAFETY AGAINST EROSION IS CONSIDERED. IN SLOPES THERE SHOULD BE A REDUCTION OF THESE VALUES, DEPENDING ON THE ANGLE OF NATURAL SLOPE AND THE SLOPE INCLINATION, WHICH ARE CRITICALLY CONSIDERED. IT IS SHOWN THAT THE SAME REDUCTION VALUES CAN BE SELECTED IF CONDITIONS OF THE ANGLE OF NATURAL SLOPE AND THE SLOPE INCLINATION ARE SIMILAR. /FG/RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 10 Apr 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/119143</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>