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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Study on Hydroaccumulation Patterns in V-Shaped Slope Tunnels of Subways During Floods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2632983</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Under the broad consensus on reinforcing flood resilience in underground spaces, the hydraulic properties of metro tunnels have not been thoroughly examined. V-slope configurations are widely adopted as a standard feature in metro tunnel systems. This study aims to enhance the understanding of water propagation mechanisms in such tunnels to optimize the response of metro systems to upcoming floods. Through a combination of scaled physical model experiments and VOF numerical simulations, the research reveals key stages and patterns of water accumulation in V-shaped slope tunnels. The flood propagation process is divided into four stages: downhill flow on a single slope, uphill flow undergoing deceleration and accumulation, emergence of hydraulic jump, and wave reflection and oscillation. By investigating hydraulic jump characteristics and the evolution of submersion under varying conditions, the research highlights the local flow field discontinuity and identifies the incompatibility of existing hydraulic models with metro tunnel flooding prediction. It emphasizes the importance of considering detailed flood front movements and the surge of water depth for early flood warning in metro tunnels. The findings enhance predictive accuracy for inundation timing and dynamic flood progression.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2632983</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on Creep Failure Mechanisms and a Fractional Damage Model for Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692842</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The triaxial creep characteristics of hydraulic asphalt concrete are directly related to the long-term anti-seepage safety of core-wall dams. However, the traditional Burgers viscoelastic constitutive model struggles to balance simplicity with accurate characterization of triaxial creep behavior. To address this issue, this study systematically investigates the creep evolution laws and underlying mechanisms of hydraulic asphalt concrete through both macroscopic and mesoscopic approaches, combining laboratory triaxial creep tests with PFC3D discrete element numerical simulations. At the macroscopic level, experimental results indicate that creep deformation increases significantly with rising stress levels, exhibiting consistent deformation trends under both separate loading and stepped loading modes. During the low-stress steady-state creep stage, confining pressure has minimal impact on creep behavior, while the influence of asphalt content on deformation control becomes more pronounced under high-temperature conditions. Under high stress levels, the vertical strain–time curve distinctly exhibits three characteristic stages: instantaneous, steady-state, and accelerated creep. Mesoscopic discrete element simulations reveal that under low-temperature and low-asphalt-content conditions, the density of strong force chains between aggregate particles is higher, enhancing the material's resistance to deformation. In contrast, under high-temperature and high-asphalt-content conditions, the displacement propagation area of particles expands, with pronounced displacement effects at both ends of the specimen. Stress concentration at the aggregate–mortar interface force chains is identified as the core factor inducing creep damage, providing a mesoscopic basis for introducing a damage evolution mechanism into the model. Based on the classical Burgers model, this study integrates fractional calculus theory and damage mechanics principles to develop a three-dimensional fractional damage creep mechanical model for hydraulic asphalt concrete. This model effectively characterizes instantaneous deformation, the three-stage creep evolution, and the accumulation of mesoscopic damage. It successfully overcomes the limitations of traditional models under complex stress conditions, offering critical theoretical support for long-term deformation prediction and safety design of asphalt concrete core walls in high dams and complex environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:58:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692842</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydraulic Properties of the Subgrade with a Hydrophobic Barrier in Saline Soil Areas: Soil Column Tests and Numerical Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658027</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In saline soil areas, the intrusion of moisture and salt into the road or railway subgrades can prompt their decay and consequently impact the infrastructure. This study proposes a novel measure, namely the hydrophobic sand barrier, to mitigate water and salt-induced degradation of the subgrade. Due to the low affinity to water, the hydrophobic sand can retard or even prevent water infiltration and movement in soils, showing its potential use as a hydraulic barrier. To demonstrate its applicability in the subgrade in saline soil region, this paper assesses the hydraulic performance of hydrophobic sand induced by two hydrophobic agents (dichlorodimethylsilane and Tung oil) through soil column test and finite element numerical analysis. The results indicate that both types of hydrophobic sands could retard water infiltration, while the dichlorodimethylsilane induced one had greater resistance to infiltration. The numerical analysis showed that in subgrades with a hydrophobic sand barrier, the distribution of groundwater within the subgrade is related to the type of hydrophobic agent, the thickness of the barrier, and the groundwater level. Therefore, in the design and construction of subgrade, the type of hydrophobic material, the thickness of the hydrophobic sand barrier, humidity field patterns and subgrade height should be comprehensively considered to address the construction feasibility of the subgrade.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:30:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658027</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrated evaluation of hydraulic and acoustic properties of high strength pervious concrete for urban pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648694</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigated the hydraulic and acoustic properties of high strength pervious concrete (HSPC) designed for urban pavement applications. The research focused on the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in two sizes, 4.75–9.5 mm and 9.5–12.5 mm, to enhance the mechanical strength and sustainability of HSPC. A novel mixing technique combining ultra high performance mortar (UHPM) with RCA was developed, incorporating high volume ground bottom ash (G-BA), fly ash (FA), and calcium stearate (CSt) as binder replacements. The evaluation included measurements of strength and density, void ratio, sound absorption (SA) coefficient, and spectral reflectance (SR), alongside assessment of clogging resistance under varying sediment concentrations. HSPC with higher CSt content demonstrated superior long-term clogging resistance, maintaining higher permeability over time. Exponential trendlines predicted a service life of up to 84 years under clogging conditions. Compressive strength of HSPC ranged from 30.8 to 41.8 MPa. A strong correlation was observed between total void and connected void content. Cross-sectional voids obtained through image processing further supported the pore structure analysis. While CSt had minimal effect on total void content, it significantly influenced compressive strength, density, clogging behavior, and spectral reflectance. Aggregate size also played a vital role in improving the functional durability of HSPC in clogging environments. These findings offer valuable guidance for optimizing pervious concrete mixtures with enhanced hydraulic and acoustic performance for long-lasting, eco-friendly urban pavements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:45:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648694</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sensitivity of Predicted Flexible Pavement Performance to Unbound Material Hydraulic Properties</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2191971</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The analysis methodology developed in new AASHTO mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) includes the influence of diurnal and seasonal temperature and moisture variations on material and pavement behavior. However, the sensitivity of predicted flexible pavement performance to variations in the thermo-hydraulic input properties of the unbound pavement materials is not well established. The sensitivity of predicted pavement distresses to subgrade type, groundwater table depth, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil water characteristic curve parameters are quantified for three flexible pavement sections in four climate locations. Overall, the unbound material environmental inputs related to groundwater depth, soil water characteristic curve parameters, and saturated hydraulic conductivity all had slight to negligible influence on the predicted distresses for the cases considered in the study. The influences of climate and subgrade type predicted performance were sensible in their trends.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:24:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2191971</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimising hydraulic and mechanical performance of porous asphalt (PA) mixtures: the role of inert and active additives</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643783</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rapid rise in impervious urban surfaces challenges stormwater management, causing flash floods and road safety issues like water ponding and reduced visibility. Porous asphalt (PA) offers a sustainable solution due to its higher permeability, but its mechanical strength often remains suboptimal. This study investigates the use of high-viscosity bitumen (CRMB60) combined with active additives (cement, hydrated lime) and inert additives (crusher dust, paper sludge ash) to enhance PA’s performance. Additives were evaluated at varying dosages to optimize mechanical durability and hydraulic functionality. Key performance indicators included moisture resistance (TSR), rutting resistance, Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), cracking resistance, air voids, and permeability. A 3% additive content was found optimal balancing strength parameters with acceptable permeability loss while maintaining ~20% air voids. Results showed active additives improved mechanical properties by up to 30%, while inert additives achieved up to 15% enhancement. Although all additives slightly reduced porosity and permeability, these remained within desirable limits. The study also introduced the tortuosity index to better correlate flow behavior with permeability. Simple monotonic tests, like Ideal Rutting and Cracking Tolerance Tests, effectively assessed performance. This research supports PA’s role in resilient, sustainable urban drainage systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 08:41:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643783</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bayesian-informed DNN and ensemble learning for predicting soil water characteristic curves from easily measurable parameters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2622308</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) represents one of the important properties describing the hydraulic characteristics of unsaturated soil, with extensive application value in geotechnical engineering, but the experimental process for obtaining SWCC is complex and time-consuming. This research proposes a prediction framework based on Bayesian-informed machine learning for SWCC applicable to different soil types, using easily measurable soil parameters. This model uses quantified particle size distribution, bulk density, and saturated water content as input features, and employs Bayesian-Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to inversely derive Fredlund-Xing (FX) model parameters as output features. Deep Neural Network (DNN) and stacking models based on ensemble learning of five regressors were constructed to establish the prediction framework. Results show that both DNN and stacking models effectively capture complex nonlinear relationships between the three easily measured soil parameters and FX parameters, demonstrating good prediction accuracy. The stacked model shows better prediction results, with R² exceeding 0.94 for all three parameters, outperforming the DNN model (R²= 0.93). Through feature engineering and SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations)-based feature sensitivity analysis, the relationships between input features and the three FX model parameters were physically interpreted, providing physical interpretability for the machine learning models. The prediction method offers a new approach for fast and accurate acquisition of SWCC, expanding the application of machine learning methods in the field of unsaturated soils.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 09:52:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2622308</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Parameter prediction of rheological models for hydraulic asphalt concrete using time-temperature superposition principle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2642102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To further investigate the creep performance of hydraulic asphalt concrete, this study conducted flexural creep tests across varied temperatures and load levels (relative to flexural strength), obtaining creep strain curves, creep compliance profiles, and failure modes. Through the Burgers model applied to creep compliance data, we extracted key viscoelastic parameters. Leveraging polymer-inspired time-temperature superposition principles and our optimized Williams-Landel-Ferry(WLF) equation, time-temperature shift factors enabled predictions of low-temperature creep compliance curves and model parameters from high-temperature data. Critically, predicted transition points between creep stages closely matched experimental data, with relatively ideal precision for the first two stages. Taking the 15°C temperature difference prediction interval with the largest average error as an example, its maximum average error reached 18.4 %, with parameter errors of E1: 7.0 %, E2: 13.7 %, η1: −10.1 %, η2: −6.1 %. For other predicted temperature differences, the average error all remained below 20 %. In addition, upon calculation, the correlation coefficient R2 between the predicted values and the experimental values at different temperature ranges are all greater than 0.80. For the long-term performance prediction of heterogeneous materials like hydraulic asphalt concrete, although the mean error and correlation coefficient are not near-ideal, the model successfully captures the main trends of data variation in the first two most important stages of creep, validating this method’s applicability for forecasting asphalt concrete creep performance, which has important engineering guiding value.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:46:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2642102</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Characterization of Foamed Glass Aggregate for Stormwater Management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569655</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Foamed glass aggregate (FGA) is a recycled lightweight material that has been widely used in a variety of infrastructure applications. However, a lack of understanding of basic hydraulic and environmental properties of the aggregate has limited usage in stormwater infrastructure, where FGA may offer water retention and contaminant removal benefits. This study utilized custom-built column and box testing to evaluate the hydraulic and environmental performance of FGA for stormwater applications. Two inflow solutions were used, including tap water and synthetic stormwater. Results of the study found that FGA has a high capacity for water storage and drainage (e.g., drainage rates of 0.62 to 3.26 cm/s), with a field capacity similar to sand and drainage similar to coarse aggregate. This enables water retention, which may be advantageous in green stormwater infrastructure designs relying on evapotranspiration for runoff reduction. Additionally, the porous surface structure of FGA was found to capture sediment suspended in stormwater inflow.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2025 08:58:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569655</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coarse Biochar Improves the Hydraulic Performance of Compacted Roadside Soil Media</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592230</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Compacting engineered soil media is necessary to ensure its stability in many urban contexts, such as in road embankments. However, compaction can reduce infiltration rates, increase runoff volumes, and impede vegetation growth. Amending soil media that is to be compacted by mixing it with biochar may largely mitigate the consequences of compaction, effectively helping road embankments and similar areas function as green stormwater infrastructure. Here, the authors report the results of a lab experiment intended to determine how biochar particle size and application rate influence the hydraulic properties of compacted roadside media. Specifically, the authors amended a loamy sand collected from the field with biochar ranging from 0 to 6% (w/w) and that was either unsieved or sieved to remove most coarse particles. The addition of biochar with many coarse particles (&gt;2  mm) improved the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the medium postcompaction, but this effect diminished at biochar dosages above 3% (w/w). In contrast, the addition of biochar with few coarse particles did not improve Ksat postcompaction. These changes likely arose because unsieved biochar facilitated the addition of interconnected pores and did so to a greater extent than particle breakage led to pore restriction. Also, biochar addition improved water retention in the plant available suction range postcompaction, whether the biochar was sieved or unsieved. Amendment with relatively coarse biochar could therefore help compacted roadside soil media manage stormwater while also reducing plant water-stress in a frequently water-limited setting.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2025 09:18:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592230</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of novel granite waste incorporated epoxy matrix permeable composite pavements characterized by physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties in comparison to commercial pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2584537</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Increasing urbanization combined with climate change, has intensified critical issues concerning pavements such as soil impermeabilization, surface runoff, and aggravation of flood risks. This study explores the use of white Siena granite and natural stone waste incorporated into epoxy resins as main components in developing permeable composite pavements (PCPs) that exhibit characteristics for sustainable applications. Characterization was conducted, by void ratio, water absorption, density, durability, permeability, compression, three-point bending, scanning electron microscopy, abrasive wear and gas porosimetry. The results provide a comprehensive analysis of the physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties of the novel PCPs. It was found that PCPs achieved the best performance in compression test, with a strength of 19.34 MPa, in addition to an excellent permeability coefficient of 0.011 m/s, with values exceeding the minimum requirements for permeable pavements. In another evaluation, the PCPs showed competitive results compared to the commercial polymeric permeable pavements analyzed. Thereby reinforcing their suitability for applications in urban areas that require hydraulic efficiency and good mechanical strength.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 10:34:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2584537</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on mechanical and hydraulic behavior of compacted clay under pore water saline and matric suction conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573259</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Compacted clay is widely used as engineering barrier material because of its excellent strength and compressibility. However, in long-term operation, these barriers will be affected by complex physical and chemical environments, resulting in changes in their mechanical properties. In this study, a one-dimensional chemical–mechanical coupling consolidation device and a matric suction control device based on the dialysis method were developed. One-dimensional consolidation tests and triaxial consolidated drained shear tests were conducted to investigate the effects of pore water salinity and matric suction on clay compressibility, shear strength, and permeability. Pore distribution and microstructure were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that pore water salinity has a minimal impact, with compressibility indices and shear strength parameters varying by less than 5% across tested concentrations. Increased matric suction significantly reduces compressibility by up to 30% and enhances strength by up to 40%. Compacted clay possesses an extremely low permeability coefficient, making it an ideal material for engineering barriers, and it also exhibits strong adaptability to complex chemical environments. Salinity transforms clay’s flaky structure into a flocculated one, reducing large pore content by 15–20%, while matric suction further tightens particle bonds, compacting the clay structure. These findings provide important theoretical support for optimizing the design of clay barriers and improving their long-term stability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:54:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573259</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydraulic Loads on Bridges during Floods: Comparative Assessment Based on Code Provisions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2550280</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Flood hazards are becoming increasingly prevalent in several countries due to multiple reasons including global climate change. Bridge failure statistics indicate that over the last couple of decades, flood-related issues such as scour, hydrodynamic forces, and debris forces have caused the maximum number of bridge failure cases worldwide in comparison with other natural hazards. Such observations clearly demonstrate the need for consistent code provisions among different codes to design highway river-crossing bridges against the growing demand from flowing water during floods. The current study performs a comprehensive review of six international bridge design codes that provide guidelines to calculate flood-induced forces for design of bridges against flood. Following these provisions, flood loads on various components of two bridges with different geometric configurations and material properties are estimated under a number of flood cases. Finite-element (FE) models of the bridges are developed to analyze them for estimated flood loads. The outcomes revealed that obtained bridge response following these six codes varied over a wide range. A comparative assessment among these response values demonstrated the disparity of these code provisions for flood design of bridges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 May 2025 09:11:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2550280</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sustainable Use of Induction Furnace Slag as Coarse Aggregate in Pervious Concrete: Strength and Hydrological Properties</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2540430</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Induction furnace slag (IFS), a waste product from the steelmaking industry, was used in this study to make pervious concrete (PC) for pavement application. 18 mixes of PC were prepared using IFS as the coarse aggregate, varying the aggregate gradation (two single-sized and one dense), the fine aggregate (FA) contents (10% and 15%), and the w/c ratios (0.28, 0.32, and 0.36) to investigate the hardened PC's mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, porosity, and permeability. It was found that the compressive strengths of PC made from single sized IFS gradation were between 4.8MPa and 10.9MPa, and for dense graded IFS PC, 9.0MPa to 22.5MPa. The split tensile and flexural strength of single graded IFS PC was between 0.77MPa and 1.46MPa and 1.24MPa and 3.45MPa, respectively. Porosity of PC from single sized IFS gradation could exceed design porosity of 20% and was between 21.1% and 31.3%. However, for dense graded IFS PC, it was much lower (6.2%) than design porosity (20%) for one case and varied up to 20.7% for other cases. Permeability of single graded IFS PC varied between 0.90cm/s to 4.84cm/s, and for dense graded IFS PC, between 0.04cm/s to 2.13cm/s. Single graded IFS PC showed satisfactory performance regarding workability, paste drain down, and abrasion resistance tests. An analysis of the economic and environmental impact shows that IFS PC works better than PC mixes made with stone aggregate that are designed to have 20% porosity. Hence, PC made from single-grade IFS aggregate may be a viable alternative to PC made from stone aggregate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2025 09:45:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2540430</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on the microstructure influence mechanism of hydraulic asphalt concrete based on fuzzy sets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2540413</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To investigate the evolution mechanism of micromechanical properties of hydraulic asphalt concrete with varying aggregate content and porosity, a novel method combining CT scanning technology and fuzzy set theory is proposed. This study achieves quantitative partitioning of CT scan maps of asphalt concrete and establishes a numerical model of hydraulic asphalt concrete based on CT numbers. The variation of microcomponents and strength evolution under conditions of λ1→0 and λ2→1 was analyzed. The findings demonstrate that the mesoscale numerical model effectively replicates the microstructural characteristics of hydraulic asphalt concrete, exhibiting interface thickness measurements up to 0.33mm that show strong concordance with empirical data. Maximum interface rates occur near the convergence point of aggregate-to-binder ratio curves under both λ₁→0 and λ₂→1 boundary conditions. Aggregate content emerges as the primary determinant of compressive strength, while asphalt mortar composition governs plastic deformation characteristics. Structural analysis reveals a distinct phase transition at 38.5% aggregate ratio: below this threshold, the material maintains a suspension-dense configuration, whereas exceeding it induces transformation into a dense-skeleton architecture. This critical percentage therefore defines the transition boundary between particulate suspension and skeletal packing states. The study further establishes that both power-law and exponential function models effectively characterize peak strength and modulus patterns under extreme λ conditions (λ₁→0 and λ₂→1). This study provides a new approach for analyzing micromechanical properties and mix ratio design of hydraulic asphalt concrete and offers valuable references for designing asphalt concrete rockfill dams.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2025 09:45:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2540413</guid>
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