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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Application of biological desulfurization technology in crumb rubber modified asphalt: Performance optimization and high-temperature emission suppression</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2566603</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The high viscosity of crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) raises the temperature of construction mixing. This increases the harmful emissions in the paving process of asphalt construction, which limits its application in the road field to a certain extent. Therefore, in this paper, two microorganisms were utilized to conduct desulfurization treatment on crumb rubber (CR) to obtain bio-desulfurized crumb rubber (BCR). Upon this foundation, bio-desulfurized crumb rubber modified asphalts (BCRMA) were prepared. Firstly, the microscopic morphologies and chemical structures of BCR were characterized. After biological treatment, the number, area and porosity of the pores on the surface of BCR increased significantly. The pore size, sulfur element content and the crosslinking density decreased. Subsequently, the performance of BCRMA was studied. The low-temperature property and the compatibility of BCR with base asphalt (BA) were improved. The high-temperature property decreased, but the decrease was not significant. Finally, the concentration and types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) at high temperatures were detected. After bio-desulfurization, the concentration of VOCs and H₂S in the modified asphalt flue gas were significantly reduced. The types of sulfur-containing organic compounds (SCs) were reduced by 50 %, which effectively inhibited harmful emissions to the environment and human health.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Jul 2025 11:31:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2566603</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Simplified Odor Evaluation Method of Road Asphalt Materials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335239</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the social economy gradual transforming to green and sustainable, the odor pollution in the process of road asphalt paving has become an environmental problem that cannot be ignored. In this study, GC-MS and gas detector are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile compounds produced by five asphalt materials. On this basis, combined with the odor threshold, the odor activity value (OAV) of each compound is calculated, and the odor of asphalt is analyzed by the method of the sum of odor activity value (SOAV), and the odor contribution of each compounds is classified according to the chemical properties to find the rule of odor contribution between each group. The results show that the main contribution groups of odor activity value of asphalt volatiles are alkanes, aldehydes, benzene series, and hydrogen sulfide. The evaluation process can be simplified on the basis of the existing odor evaluation: the concentration of each group is measured, and the sum value of the odor activity values of various asphaltenes is calculated by combining the odor threshold of each compound. Among them, the odor threshold of hydrogen sulfide does not need to be analyzed and can be obtained. Therefore, the odor threshold of alkanes, aldehydes, and benzene series in volatile compounds of different kinds of asphalt materials is further calculated, and the group odor threshold of three kinds of groups is finally determined. After determining the group odor threshold of the three types of groups, combining the concentration of alkanes, aldehydes, benzene series, and hydrogen sulfide, the sum value of the activity value of various asphalt odor is calculated and the error analysis is conducted with the measured value. It is verified that the odor characteristics of different kinds of asphalt can be analyzed by the simplified evaluation method of asphalt odor characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Apr 2024 13:13:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335239</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on the inhibition effect and mechanism of basic zinc carbonate composite asphalt fumes suppressant</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To reduce or eliminate harmful components in asphalt fumes, a novel kind of asphalt fume suppressant based on basic zinc carbonate (Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆) as the main component was developed. The fume suppression effect of the fume suppressant was evaluated by two indexes of volatility of asphalt fumes and release amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The effects of the addition amount of fume suppressant on the fume suppression effect, the conventional and rheological properties of asphalt were tested, and the optimal addition amount was determined. The fume suppression mechanism of the fume suppressant was discussed by testing the chemical changes of Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆ before and after adding to asphalt. The results show that the fume suppressant based on Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆ not only has a good fume suppression effect, but also has almost no effect on the performances and the functional groups of asphalt. In short, the fume suppressant can effectively reduce the emission of asphalt fumes, with low dosage and low cost. It can be used for the production of environmentally friendly asphalt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Mar 2024 16:35:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335912</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A dynamic approach to identify hazardous areas for H₂S-containing natural gas release and explosion accidents on offshore platforms</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2194477</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many efforts have been made to predict and mitigate the toxic impact and explosion impact. However, they are inadequate for the chain accident of toxic gas-containing flammable gas release and explosion since these two hazardous impacts can happen continuously. Accordingly, an integrated approach concerning chain accident consequence assessment is proposed, in which the human behavior is taken into account. The risk-based concept and grid-based concept are introduced in this approach to integrate the adverse impacts. The approach is applied to a hypothetical chain accident involving H2S-containing natural gas release and explosion on an offshore platform. The emergency evacuation is considered by establishing an emergency evacuation time model. A cumulative H2S inhalation dose along each evacuation trajectory is derived to evaluate the toxic impact by considering the temporal-spatial variation of both H2S profile and sufferers’ positions. The maximum explosion overpressures in the real-time position of the sufferers are extracted to predict the explosion impact. The proposed approach is systematic and efficient for practical engineering applications. It can help to develop safety measures and improve the contingency plan.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Jun 2023 10:09:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2194477</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Special Crash Investigations: On-Site Hazardous Materials Investigation; Vehicle: 2006 Porsche Cayenne; Location: Florida; Incident Date: June 2016</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1926670</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the on-site investigation of a 2006 Porsche Cayenne and the deaths of its belted 46-yearold female driver and a belted 3-year-old female in a high-back booster child restraint system (CRS) in the second row. Both occupants were found deceased in the vehicle by the investigating police agency during routine patrol of the interstate highway. The Porsche was found idling on the left shoulder of the highway engaged against the guardrail. The doors and windows were closed, with the radio on. Through the course of the law enforcement investigation, it was determined that a hazardous material condition arose that involved the Porsche’s 12-volt battery located under the driver’s seat, its electrical system, and the production of hydrogen sulfide gas. Elevated levels of thiosulfate were detected in the driver and the passenger at autopsy. Thiosulfate is the metabolized byproduct of ingested hydrogen sulfide gas, which could have been produced during an overcharging of the vehicle’s battery. It was determined that an improper battery was installed in the vehicle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Mar 2022 12:15:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1926670</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using oxygen/ozone nanobubbles for in situ oxidation of dissolved hydrogen sulfide at a residential tunnel-construction site</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1892126</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a toxic gas, and considerable research has been conducted for its control and removal from industrial wastewater and sewage water. However, no simple and practical technology is available for degrading H₂S in situ at tunnel constructing sites. On May 11, 2020, an H₂S blowout accident occurred in underground soil at a residential sewer-tunnel construction site in Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, filling the tunnel with high concentrations of H₂S gas, causing the fatality of one worker owing to emphysema. River water flowing near the site was immediately introduced into the tunnel to trap the H₂S gas, generating 652-m³ water that contained high concentrations (120 mg/L) of dissolved H₂S in the tunnel. To safely and quickly remove H₂S in situ, the contaminated water was treated with high-density oxygen and ozone nanobubbles (O₂/O₃-HDNBs) generated using the ultrafine pore method. Consequently, H₂S was removed from the contaminated water in 3 days. This is the first successful application of O₂/O₃-HDNB technology for the in situ oxidation of H₂S in environmental water at a construction site. This study reports the practical application of this advanced technology and the system performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Nov 2021 11:51:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1892126</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Management Practices for Asphalt Facility Control of Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1526494</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report provides a summary of practices for prevention of exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in asphalt production plants. It aims to help managers in the liquid asphalt industry to design or update plans for prevention of such accidents, and the protection of employees and contractors from the hazards of H₂S. It describes how to recognize, evaluate, and control H₂S exposure during asphalt plant operations and the transportation and distribution of liquid asphalt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Aug 2018 14:06:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1526494</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Staying Safe Is a Top Priority</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1492221</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes some of the tools and personal protective equipment that are being design to protect people working in the asphalt industry.  Designed by members of the Asphalt Institute’s Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Committee, the tools include training materials on how to prevent asphalt burns and appropriate first aid response for asphalt burns; and a wallet card to increase hydrogen sulfide awareness. The bulk of the article focuses on the toxicity of hydrogen sulfide and the need for using portable monitors when working around potential sources of hydrogen sulfide, notably asphalt. A final section discusses the use of scavenging, an engineering solution that can reduce hydrogen sulfide in asphalt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Dec 2017 09:32:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1492221</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Tools to Estimate Actual Corrosion Growth Rates of Gas Pipelines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1473010</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Both external and internal corrosion of gas pipelines can pose threats to pipeline safety by thinning the pipe wall, leading to leaks or ruptures. To ensure the pipeline safety, it is important to know both pipeline internal and external corrosion rates. In an earlier Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)-funded project (DTRS56-04-T-0002 completed in 2006), models were developed to predict pipeline external and internal corrosion rates for natural gas pipelines. However, the external model did not consider the effect of coating permeability and the effect of the geometry of the coating disbondment. The internal corrosion model was unable to distinguish the different corroding conditions for wet and dry gas pipelines.  The goal of this work is to expand the earlier modeling work and develop guidelines for pipeline operators to predict field corrosion growth rates through (1) Improving the existing external corrosion rate model of Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) to include the effect of CO₂ permeation from soil into a coating-disbonded region, and validate the model with laboratory and field data; (2) Developing a thin-film internal corrosion model to predict corrosion rates in dry gas pipelines due to gas quality upsets (e.g. water condensation), and validating the model using laboratory and field corrosion rate data; and (3) Improving the current existing internal corrosion rate model of SwRI for wet gas pipelines by including the effects of carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and oxygen (O₂), and validating the model using laboratory and field corrosion rate data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Jul 2017 09:32:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1473010</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Crude Oil Sampling and Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1378691</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The July 6, 2013 Lac-Mégantic derailment and other incidents in Canada and the United States have raised many questions about the safe transport of crude oil by rail. They also put a spotlight on the need to further investigate crude oil properties and behaviour. This report describes the testing the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Directorate has done to assess the composition and properties of crude oils transported by road and rail in Canada. The authors verified the applicability of the current classification requirements described in the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations (TDGR) Part 2, for Class 3, Flammable liquids and Class 2, Gases, and focussed on assessing other hazards that crude oil may pose during transport. Sixty eight samples of crude oil were collected and analysed. The crude oil was destined for transport by rail or road in Canada and represents a wide range of crude oils from condensates to bitumen, under controlled conditions. The authors also subjected the samples to a variety of tests including but not limited to: Flash point determination, Initial Boiling Point determination (IBP), Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), True Vapor Pressure (TVP), Compositional analysis and Gas Oil Ratio by gas chromatography (GC), and Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) analysis in the vapor phase and flammable gas testing. The GC method found IBPs that put 56 out of the 68 samples in Packing Group I, the highest hazard group for Class 3 Flammable Liquids. The ASTM D86 method, a commonly used standard for IBP testing of flammable liquids, found IBPs consistently higher than the GC tests. The Report recommends using the method that combines GC data from two ASTM standards (D8003/ D7169) as a more accurate method for determining IBP of crude oil containing light ends (methane, ethane, propane and butane). Most TVP values were above atmospheric pressure (101 kPa) at 50°C. TVP values were higher than the RVP values for the crude oil samples tested by both methods. Based on compositional analysis, one crude oil sample contained enough amounts of light ends to result in a TVP above 300 kPa at 50°C, which meets the TDGR’s definition of a gas. Vapour phase measurements of H₂S ranged from 0-65000 ppm, with 42 of the 68 crude oil samples having values below 1000 ppm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2016 17:11:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1378691</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A common sense approach for HŚ release during dredging</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1386831</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2016 15:09:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1386831</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Magnetic Characterization Techniques for Monitoring Gas Pipelines under Severe Loading</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1377432</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The reliable operation of trunk pipelines requires efficient monitoring of their technical state. At present, the issues involving evaluation of stress and strain in the most dangerous black spots of pipelines are urgent for the oil-and-gas industry. The problem is especially pressing for operations in corrosion-active media containing hydrogen sulfide, since hydrogenation leads to the formation of pores and cracks in steel. This paper is concerned with the magnetic, mechanical and structural characteristics of two advanced steel grades which are widely used for the construction of high-duty gas pipelines. The study shows that the numerical values of magnetic parameters depend on the magnetization direction about the control-rolling axis and correlate with the strength of X70 steel grade. It is found that for estimating the operating tensile stress, one should measure the magnetic characteristics in different directions about the pipe axis. Exposure to the hydrogen-containing medium leads to a significant decrease in the metal plasticity, an increase in the ultimate stress and yield stress, and a slight increase in the coercivity. The duration of the hydrogen charging dramatically affects the deformation behaviour of coercivity, thus providing a tool for magnetic monitoring of mechanical stress in steel pipes for transporting aggressive types of natural gas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2015 08:08:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1377432</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Degradation modeling of concrete submitted to biogenic acid attack</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1361996</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Biodeterioration of concrete, which is very common in sewer system, results in significant structure degradation. The process can be described by the 3 following steps: Concrete surface neutralization providing appropriate environment for sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) to grow, sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) production by SOB on concrete surface and chemical reaction between H₂SO₄ and cement hydration products. A reactive transport model is proposed to simulate the whole biodeterioration processes of concrete in contact with H₂S gas and SOB. This model aims at solving simultaneously transport and biochemistry/chemistry in biofilm and concrete by a global coupled approach. To simulate the neutralization process, the absorption of H₂S gas, the dissolution of portlandite (CH), the decalcification of calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H) and the precipitation of calcium sulfide (CaS) are considered. To obtain the amount of biogenic acid, the production rate of H₂SO₄ by SOB is calculated via a set of simplified models governed by pH. Coupling with the modeling of H₂SO₄ degradation process, the biodeterioration depth and the solid composition evolution could be predicted. A laboratory experiment reported in literature is simulated and the simulation results are compared with experimental results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2015 21:44:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1361996</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Can Be a Danger in the Asphalt Workplace</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1365896</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In April 2015, the Asphalt Institute’s committee on Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) held a seminar discussing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas that occurs in many crude oils that can also be formed by the degradation of sulfur compounds in the oil when it is refined or exposed to high temperatures.  The seminar focused on risks and exposures of hydrogen sulfide and this article reports the main points that were presented.  Hydrogen sulfide is a known workplace hazard, particularly in enclosed spaces.  There are regulatory limits for H2S at federal, state, and local levels.  The health ramifications can be deadly, even at low levels of exposure.  The author reports on the H2S Coalition, a group of industry trade groups engage in regulatory, policy, and related issues pertinent to entities with an interest in hydrogen sulfide.  The article concludes with a list of the Coalition’s focus areas and priorities as well as a summary of the wallet card that will provide guidelines for confined space workplaces.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2015 14:12:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1365896</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation Technique of Downhole String Erosion and Corrosion under Complex Environment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1334717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A kind of evaluation technique has been developed which includes an experimental apparatus and test method. The technique can evaluate the impact of erosion and corrosion to downhole string in a complex environment such as high temperature, high salinity, CO₂ or H₂S. It is difficult to control the quantity of particles in the previous methods which intake the particles by siphoning. This technique can solve the problem through the use of a screw feeder and can evaluate the impact of erosion and corrosion at the same time. It will help to study the damage mechanism of downhole string caused by high temperature, high salinity, CO₂ or H₂S. It also has an important significance to guide the optimal design and material selection of downhole string.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2014 11:30:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1334717</guid>
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