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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Determination of Hydrodynamic Coefficients of Moonpool from Free Decay and Forced Oscillation Tests Including the Influence of Damping Plates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720259</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of a hull with a moonpool, aiming to determine its hydrodynamic coefficients and to evaluate the effect of damping plates. Simulations included the response of the floating body in head waves as well as free decay and forced oscillation tests. From these tests, added mass and damping coefficients of the moonpool were determined and analysed. Special attention was given to the application of additional horizontal damping plates installed at the moonpool entrance. The results demonstrate that the non-dimensional damping coefficient exhibits an approximately linear relationship with the degree of inlet area blockage caused by the plates. Furthermore, the influence of the excitation wave amplitude on the amplification factor was investigated, revealing that the factor decreases with increasing wave amplitude. These findings provide new insights into the hydrodynamic behaviour of moonpools and may support the design of offshore vessels and floating platforms equipped with such structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720259</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>How propeller skew influences cavitation noise: The interaction of sheet and tip vortex cavitation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2714633</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The omnipresent demand for propulsion efficiency is accompanied by growing concerns about increasing underwater noise emissions by shipping. Noise reduction strategies mostly aim to reduce the cavitation occurrence altogether, but can entail significant efficiency losses. The present study investigates options to manipulate the cavitation noise at its cause. It focusses on alleviating the cavitation volume acceleration as the driver of sound pressure rather than the volume amplitude. The role of the tip vortex cavitation and the effect of skew in the context of cavitation noise reduction are investigated by RANS simulations with a volume-of-fluid approach. The E779A model propeller is simulated with and without additional skew in two different wake fields and analysed with regard to sound emissions and vortex structures. Analogously, acoustic measurements are conducted with two comparable model propellers in a cavitation tunnel. While the original propeller shows well-developed sheet cavitation, which collapses rapidly transiting into tip vortex cavitation, additional skew leads to a moderate sheet cavitation occurrence, a smoother transfer into the tip vortex cavitation and consequently to significantly lower noise emissions. The study thus contributes to a more cause-related strategy of propeller noise mitigation with focus on the first seven harmonics of the blade passing frequency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2714633</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Coupled Aerodynamic-Hydrodynamic Analysis of IEA 15 MW Wind Turbine and UMaine VolturnUS-S Semi-Submersible Platform</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706272</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) system contains a wide range of interdisciplinary knowledge, including the aerodynamics of wind turbines, the hydrodynamics of floating platform, and mooring system, as well as the complex coupling interactions among these domains. Due to this inherent complexity, achieving accurate simulation and analysis has remained a significant challenge. To address this issue, the present study develops a coupled aerodynamic-hydrodynamic framework based on the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM. The framework incorporates multiphase flow, dynamic morphing and overset mesh techniques to facilitate high-fidelity analysis of FOWT. The aerodynamic performance of the IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine and the hydrodynamic response of the UMaine VolturnUS-S semisubmersible platform are independently validated against OpenFAST or experiments to ensure the reliability of the proposed framework. The results show strong agreement, confirming that the simulations accurately capture realistic aerodynamic and hydrodynamic performance, which are then applied in coupled aero-hydrodynamic FOWT analysis. The effects of the wind turbine on floating platform hydrodynamic responses and the impact of the floating platform on wind turbine aerodynamics are investigated in the coupled simulation. The results show that the speed, thrust, and torque of the wind turbine fluctuate with the motion of the floating platform, which is closely linked to the surge and pitch motion. Furthermore, a comparison of the platform response in the coupled simulation with that considering only wave loading reveals minimal change in heave motion, but a significant increase in surge and pitch motion due to the wind turbine aerodynamic load. Therefore, the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic components of the FOWT are mutually dependent, underscoring the necessity of a comprehensive analysis to achieve accurate results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 07:29:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706272</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrodynamic performance of a wide–flat ship fitted with dual U-tube anti-rolling tanks in beam seas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2710013</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wide–flat ships generally exhibit poor seakeeping, making roll damping design a critical aspect of their development. This study experimentally investigates the hydrodynamic performance of a cable-laying vessel equipped with Dual passive U-tube anti-rolling tanks (ARTs) in beam seas. Free-decay, regular-wave, and irregular-wave tests were conducted to analyze the motion responses under two loading conditions and four ART operating configurations. The results indicate that the ARTs reduce the natural roll period of the ship (by approximately 2 % when both tanks are active). Their influence on the roll Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) is mainly concentrated near the natural sloshing period of the tanks. ART-1 provides better stabilization than ART-2. When both tanks operate simultaneously, the combined stabilization effect is slightly smaller than the linear superposition of their individual effects. Although ART-2 holds only 12 % of the water volume of ART-1, its higher installation position enables it to achieve more than 60 % of the stabilization performance of ART-1. These findings offer useful references for the anti-roll design of wide–flat vessels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 16:38:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2710013</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CFD analysis of hydrodynamic penalties caused by hull-mounted sacrificial anodes and their associated scale effects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2710057</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hull corrosion poses a persistent threat to maritime vessels, degrading structural integrity and increasing frictional resistance over time. Sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP) systems are widely used to mitigate corrosion; however, the protruding anodes disturb the hull boundary layer and introduce added drag that is often overlooked. This study presents a systematic CFD investigation of the hydrodynamic impact of sacrificial anodes on the KRISO Container Ship (KCS), combining model- and full-scale simulations to explicitly quantify scale effects. It is shown that model-scale simulations significantly underestimate anode-induced drag due to artificially thick boundary layers. Building upon this finding, a full-scale assessment is conducted, evaluating impact of anodes on the resistance, wake characteristics, propeller inflow uniformity, and ship motions. In addition to conventional linear and staggered layouts, a novel streamline-aligned anode arrangement is proposed based on surface flow topology. Results demonstrate that conventional layouts substantially increase resistance through enhanced flow separation and boundary-layer disturbance, whereas the proposed configuration reduces the drag penalty by 1-5% across the tested Froude numbers. The study provides the first comprehensive full-scale quantification of anode-induced drag and introduces a physics-informed design strategy for SACP optimisation, offering practical guidance for improving ship energy efficiency without compromising corrosion protection effectiveness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 14:36:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2710057</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coupled three-dimensional displacement response of the very large floating structure under extreme ocean conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676413</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The safety and stability of very large floating structures(VLFS) at offshore airports are strongly impacted by their vibration characteristics, particularly when extreme random winds and waves are present. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate their vibration response precisely. The motion response of the VLFS is affected by the coupling effect between multiple directions, which is typically ignored by the vibration response analysis indices that are currently in use. This paper builds a multi-level coupled analysis framework by combining time-domain, frequency-domain, and modal analysis methods. It examines a single VLFS module under extreme wind and wave conditions. The coupled effects on the VLFS's three-dimensional displacement response at various wave incidence angles are investigated. The results show that energy is mainly concentrated in the Sway at 0°. Here, the strongest coupling is between Sway and Surge, and the dominant vibration mode is mostly Sway. At 30°–90°, energy is more evenly distributed across different directions. The coupling strengths between Heave, Sway, and Surge are essentially comparable, and the dominant vibration mode is primarily due to Heave. The findings demonstrate that this coupled three-dimensional vibration analysis approach not only captures the coupling effect on displacement responses in various directions and quantifies the energy transfer process in vibration responses, but also calculates the precise frequencies corresponding to various coupling correlations at different incident angles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 08:38:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676413</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An advanced frequency-domain approach for stochastic response analysis of floating bridges subjected to inhomogeneous wave loads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676412</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Floating bridges are large, slender structures supported by floating foundations, providing a cost-effective solution for crossing wide and deep waters. In code-based design, response analysis faces challenges due to hydroelastic effects, multi-body hydrodynamic interactions, and computational efforts. This study proposes a frequency-domain hydroelastic analysis framework for floating bridges under coastal wave fields characterized by spatial inhomogeneity, low coherence and short-crestedness. A spectral density matrix approach is developed to rigorously model wave energy distribution, coherence, and directional spreading, integrated with first- and second-order wave excitation formulations through linear and mean-drift force transfer functions. Extreme values of the girder internal loads are further estimated applying a Gaussian-based analytical method. The approach, validated against time-domain simulations, is applied to a conceptual Bjørnafjord crossing case study. Based on field measurement of the wave condition, a sensitivity study is conducted to investigate the effects of each individual factor governing the inhomogeneity, including wave spectral parameters and coherence functions. Specific suggestions are proposed for the determination of wave conditions, during practical applications when the relevant data are insufficient to accurately model the inhomogeneity. It is highlighted that a homogeneous assumption with the largest significant wave height yields conservative bending moments, but still underestimates the extreme axial force at certain locations, which is crucial for the ultimate buckling design. The proposed frequency-domain approach demonstrates a substantial computational efficiency advantage over nonlinear time-domain simulations, reducing the overall analysis time from several hours to a few minutes for a complete extreme response evaluation. The study also shows the need for information about site-specific wave inhomogeneity and coherence modeling for the safe design of floating bridges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 08:38:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676412</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Numerical investigation on ship turning prediction influenced by mean wave drift loads and wave-modified hydrodynamic derivatives</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2702726</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the turning maneuvers of the KVLCC2 tanker in regular waves by combining the potential-flow-based two-time-scale model with viscous hydrodynamic derivatives obtained from CFD-based PMM simulations. Unlike most existing studies that assume maneuvering derivatives in waves to be identical to those in calm water, the present work incorporates wave derivatives into the MMG maneuvering model to explicitly account for wave-ship interaction effects. Turning simulations are conducted using both calm-water and wave-modified derivatives and validated against available experimental data. The effects of wavelength-to-ship-length ratio, wave steepness, and wave heading on turning trajectories and maneuvering indices are systematically examined. The results demonstrate that turning predictions are highly sensitive to the hydrodynamic derivatives employed, with improved accuracy observed under larger wavelength ratios, higher wave steepness, and oblique wave conditions. These improvements are mainly attributed to wave-modified hydrodynamic forces, moments, and mean wave drift loads, which alter the lateral velocity, yaw rate, and drifting behavior during maneuvers. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating wave-modified hydrodynamic derivatives for more reliable prediction of ship turning performance in waves.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 11:56:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2702726</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-fidelity data-driven approach to operational guidance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Operational guidance for ships to enhance seakeeping performance typically involves consulting pre-calculated response tables that correspond to anticipated sea conditions. This approach is limited when the actual sea conditions are not represented in these tables. This paper presents and evaluates ship response statistics for the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) Model 5415 derived from a lower-fidelity, volume-based SimpleCode, which has been augmented with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks. These results are then compared against those from higher-fidelity models. The study will assess two previously documented LSTM frameworks. The first LSTM framework, referred to as LSTM-LW, utilizes the position of the higher-fidelity model as input such that the waves experienced by the higher-fidelity model are properly captured. The second LSTM framework, referred to as LSTM-NNW, employs a data-driven approach to approximate the higher-fidelity ship position to estimate the experienced waves and then uses those predicitons as input, alongside the low-fidelity ship motions, as input into another LSTM neural network. The findings indicate that the LSTM neural network correction techniques yield more accurate estimations of ship motions and loads than SimpleCode alone, while avoiding the significant computational costs associated with high-fidelity models. Errors in estimating LAMP standard deviation drops from 3.9 to 147.9% in SimpleCode to 1.9-4.4% with LSTM-LW and 1.0-5.3% with LSTM-NNW. Errors in estimating the 95th percentile of the peak distribution drops from 0.4-144.6% to 0.5-1.8% in LSTM-LW and 0.3-7.0% in LSTM-NNW.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2026 13:56:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706846</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic interactions and cable dynamics during parallel replenishment at sea</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706964</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During parallel replenishment operations, the hydrodynamic interaction between the two ships is a key factor related to operational safety. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics approach is employed to investigate the coupled mechanisms of ship-to-ship hydrodynamic interaction and cable tension dynamics under Sea State 4 conditions. The analysis focuses on a supply vessel (KCS) and a receiving vessel (DTMB 5415) connected by a highline rig. Systematic numerical simulations are conducted to quantify the influences of forward speed, lateral separation, wave heading, and cable stiffness on the coupled fluid–structure response. The findings demonstrate that cable tension exhibits pronounced sensitivity to wave heading, relative vessel positioning, and cable stiffness, while showing comparatively weak dependence on small variations in low forward speeds. Increasing cable stiffness is shown to degrade the seakeeping stability of the smaller vessel and elevate the risk of cable failure, particularly in oblique seas. From an operational perspective, the results suggest that maintaining moderate forward speed and transverse spacing, and avoiding the use of excessively stiff cables, is essential to enhance safety margins during parallel replenishment operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 09:14:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706964</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A review on the hydrodynamic interference between hulls of catamarans</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706887</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Catamarans offer significant advantages over traditional monohulls in stability, deck area, and seakeeping performance due to their unique configuration. However, the narrow spacing between the hulls induces strong nonlinear interactions in the surrounding flow field, known as the hydrodynamic interference effect. Although numerous studies have been conducted on this interference effect in each hulls, varying methodologies and hull characteristics have led to diverse conclusions, posing challenges for researchers and engineers in systematically understanding the underlying mechanisms. This paper provides a systematic review of the research progress on the hydrodynamic interference effects of catamarans. It reviews the main research methods in this field, outlines the physical mechanisms of the interference effect, and elaborates on its key influencing factors. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the specific impact of the interference effect on the overall hydrodynamic performance of catamarans. Finally, the paper summarizes current challenges in modeling high-speed slamming loads and strongly nonlinear phenomena, and suggests directions for future research. Research shows that the hull spacing and Froude number (Fr) are the most critical factors affecting interference, and their effects are coupled. This coupling predominantly governs the ship's hydrodynamic characteristics, with resistance behavior being the most significantly influenced. This review aims to serve as a reference for relevant research and engineering practice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 09:14:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706887</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental investigation of pulsed operation for marine propellers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706882</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pulse jet propulsion has been tested experimentally in a towing tank for a model-scale, rim-driven ducted thruster and compared to steady operation. Enabled by high-acceleration thruster technology, the experiment was conducted with the goal of reproducing reported propulsive efficiency benefits from pulse jet propulsion by dynamically varying the rotational velocity of a conventional ship propeller. The tests included operation in bollard pull and with forward velocity. Propeller revolution, thrust, and torque, and the duct thrust were measured to provide reliable data of the useful and total power generated by the thruster. Formation of vortex rings has been qualitatively verified with pitot and optical measurements, but with a limited duration before the vortex rings dissipated in the propeller wake. Comparing the generated thrust with the same average rotational velocity, pulse jet propulsion generates thrust up to 2–3 times that of steady operation, consistent with the quadratic relationship between total thrust and the propeller’s rotational speed. The thruster did not replicate the reported benefits of efficiency in tests with forward velocity. In tests at zero speed, the thrust-power relation was the same or deficient of the steady propeller operation for all cases tested. Acceleration-dependent dynamic effects from acceleration and retardation of the propeller have been identified. A static model is presented and used for evaluating the dynamic contributions to performance. The static model predicts the obtained results, explaining the reduced efficiency of unsteady operation primarily as a result of the higher-order relation between power and propeller revolutions compared to the total thrust.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 09:14:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706882</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-Sea-State Joint Frequency-Domain Identification of hydrodynamic parameters for float-over vessels</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706862</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Identification of hydrodynamic parameters is critical for the safety of float-over installations but is often compromised by uncertainties in traditional methods. This study proposes a Multi-Sea-State Joint Frequency-Domain Identification (MSS-JFI) framework. By formulating the problem in the frequency domain, the framework leverages a joint optimization strategy to integrate data from varying wave conditions, effectively resolving the parameter coupling ambiguities inherent in single-sea-state identification. Physical consistency is ensured by parameterizing radiation forces via State-Space Models (SSM) to enforce Kramers–Kronig relations, supplemented by a frequency masking mechanism to enhance noise robustness. Pitch motion is selected as a representative proof-of-concept to validate the method against complex frequency-dependent radiation and stochastic excitation. Numerical validations demonstrate high accuracy, achieving relative errors below 3% for key scalar parameters. Furthermore, a full-scale experiment on the semi-submersible heavy-lift vessel Xiang He Kou confirms the engineering applicability of the framework, yielding response predictions with quantified uncertainty, where the in-situ measurements are well contained within the predicted 95% empirical prediction intervals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 09:14:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706862</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental study on hydrodynamic performance of a floating multi-use platform integrating an OWC array</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673236</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An experimental study was conducted on a semi-submersible multi-use platform (MUP) integrated with an oscillating water column (OWC) array, focusing on the influences of the OWC array on the platform's motion response, mooring tensions, and wave power extraction performance. Three configurations were designed and tested to clarify the OWC array's role: the baseline platform (Model #1), a ballasted reference model (Model #2), and the MUP-OWC system (Model #3), which has the same draft as Model #2. The results indicate that integrating the OWC array induces a significant mitigation of the platform's motion response. Compared with Model #1, Model #3 (closed orifice conditions) achieves maximum reductions of 84.2%, 71.1%, and 75.8% in surge, heave, and pitch motions, respectively, where the water column behaves as a solidified water column. Relative to Model #2, Model #3 exhibits maximum reductions of 53.5% and 52.0% in heave and pitch motions, respectively. Regarding mooring loads, the maximum and mean tensions of Model #3 are reduced by 57.8% and 52.4%, respectively, compared to those of Model #2. Energy capture efficiency varied among the OWC chambers. Chamber #4, located near a side column, achieved the highest efficiency (51.9%) due to enhanced local wave amplification. While leeward chambers generally experienced performance losses attributed to hydrodynamic shielding, localized efficiency enhancements were observed at specific frequencies where constructive interference occurred within the scattered wave field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 09:13:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673236</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Numerical investigation of passive and active hydrofoils mounted on a ship's bow for thrust generation and fuel efficiency</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2707679</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nowadays, reducing fuel consumption and protecting the environment are two key challenges in marine engineering. This study investigates the effects of bow-mounted hydrofoils (passive and active) on ship resistance, thrust generation, and fuel efficiency using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Numerical results are validated against experimental data to ensure accuracy. The outcomes show that the hull with an active hydrofoil demonstrates superior performance, achieving a 16.43% reduction in total resistance, a 15.39% decrease in fuel consumption, and a 3.79-fold increase in hydrofoil-generated thrust compared to the passive hydrofoil. However, the hull with a passive hydrofoil shows more limited effects, such as a 3.03% reduction in both resistance and fuel consumption relative to the bare hull. These improvements are attributed to favorable interactions between the hull, hydrofoil, and waves, as well as bow motion reduction and additional thrust generation. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate the influence of wave parameters (wavelength, wave height) and hydrofoil characteristics (aspect ratio, active hydrofoil rotation amplitude). The results provide insights into the optimal design of active hydrofoils for fuel-efficient ship operations in regular waves.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 15:37:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2707679</guid>
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