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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT FLOWS AROUND SHIPS' HULLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/166525</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a general solution method for three-dimensional, steady, turbulent flows around long, smoothly-shaped bodies, of arbitrary and varying cross-sectional shape.  The differential equations involved are solved numerically after provision of the proper boundary and initial conditions.  The solution procedure is a unique one, called "partially-parabolic" as first used by Pratap and Spalding.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/166525</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CALCULATION OF VISCOUS FLOW AROUND SHIP STERN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168520</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The fundamental equations admitting the three-dimensional pressure variation in the viscous flow are presented.  The validity of calculation conditions, the grid geometry of flow field in interest and the position of the outer boundary layer are examined by numerical calculation.  The results of calculation show reasonable agreements with the measured ones in evaluating the viscous pressure resistance and the viscous resistance.  Order from NSFI as No. 22147.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168520</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GENERAL METHOD FOR CALCULATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL LAMINAR AND TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS ON SHIP HULLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160926</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A general method for representing the flow properties in the three-dimensional boundary layers around ship hulls of arbitary shape is described.  It makes use of an efficient two-point finite-difference scheme to solve the boundary- layer equations and includes an algebraic eddy-viscosity representation of the Reynolds-stress tensor.  The numerical method contains novel and desirable features and allows the calculation of flows in which the circumferential velocity component contains regions of flow reversal across the boundary layer.  Present calculations relate to zero Froude number but they can be extended to include the effects of a water wave and local regions of flow separation which may stem from bulbous-bow geometries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160926</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INTEGRAL PREDICTION METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS ON SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143569</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents refinements of a previous momentum-integral method for calculating three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers on ship hulls. In particular the following refinements are made: the small crossflow assumption is removed; numerical calculation of the double model potential flow replaces the slender body potential flow; a more general and versatile orthogonal coordinate system is used in place of the streamline surface coordinate system; and finally, an improved numerical method is used for solving the momentum-integral boundary-layer equations. It is shown that the boundary layer calculation method, developed here, can be used to calculate certain boundary layer parameters, such as boundary layer thickness or skin friction, with fair accuracy cover a large portion of hulls that maintain unseparated flow. The surface coordinate system can also be used in other methods for calculating the boundary layer. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143569</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CALCULATION OF THE BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW AROUND THREE SHIP AFTERBODIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/156171</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A description is given of a differential method for the calculation of the boundary layer on ship hulls, and its application to three slightly different ship afterbodies. The boundary layer equations are solved in a curvilinear coordinate system, together with two turbulence model equations.  The results are compared with experimental data. The correspondence appears to be excellent on the greater part of the hull.  In some regions, differences are present, which result mainly from the neglection of the potential flow-boundary layer interaction.  The prediction of bilge vortex formation is examined, and the incorporation of higher order effects in the method is briefly discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/156171</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISON BETWEEN CALCULATED AND MEASURED RESULTS OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS AROUND SHIP MODELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153695</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, an attempt was made to improve the conventional method of calculation, taking into account the pressure variation across the thick boundary layer at the stern of conventional ships.  The conventional integral method of calculation was modified by adding the terms arising from the longitudinal curvature effect.  Then, the results of calculations were compared with those of measurements on the ship models of Wigley's form, a cargo ship and a tanker.  Also, the accuracy and the applicability of the boundary layer calculation are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153695</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE PROPULSIVE PERFORMANCE OF A SHIP IN REGULAR HEAD WAVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153710</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When a ship is advanced in a seaway, she usually loses in speed compared with the case in a calm sea under the condition of constant output-power of the main engine.  In this paper, a method is presented to evaluate the propulsive performance of the ship by using the calculated results of the heaving and pitching motions in the case where the ship moves head on into regular head waves.  The relation between ship speed, the rate of revolutions of the propeller and the delivered horse power are shown in numerical examples.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153710</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A CALCULATION OF THE FREE WAVE SPECTRUM FOR A SHIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/149761</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Linearised calculations of the wave resistance of a ship contain two basic assumptions.  They are: (1) the fluid is inviscid, and (2) the beam to length ratio is small.  As a result of linearisation, the boundary conditions are not satisfied at the physical boundaries.  The sum of these assumptions is in fact responsible for the differences between real and calculated values.  The object of this theoretical study is to eliminate the effects of these assumptions.  Using a source distribution to represent a standard Series 60 block 60 ship model an asymptotic expansion formula is utilised to calculate the wave height and wave slope values.  The use of a finite number of sources and the asymptotic expansion formula simplifies the representation of hull form and considerably reduces the computational time.  The results of the calculations of wave resistance are compared with experimental values.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/149761</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRIP THEORY OF SHIP MOTIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF A CURRENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153161</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The strip theory is reformulated to account for the presence of a current with longitudinal and side components.  The roll, sway, and yaw motions are coupled in this case with pitch and heave.  Results supported by experiments show a strong influence on roll near resonance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153161</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SHIP CENTERPLANE SOURCE DISTRIBUTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153491</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A procedure for calculating the irrotational flow about a double ship model, by solving a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind for a centerplane source distribution, is described.  The special problems of determining the curve in the centerplane bounding the source distribution and of smoothing sharply peaking integrands, to improve the accuracy of discretization of the integral equation, are treated.  Application to ellipsoids, for which the results of the calculations can be compared with an exact solution, and to a ship form with parabolic lines, for which experimental data are available for comparison, indicate that satisfactory accuracy can be obtained by the method.  A justification for using a centerplane distribution is that, as is shown, a line integral which appears in the higher-order solution for the flow about a ship form at nonzero Froude numbers can be avoided with such a distribution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153491</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DISTRIBUTION OF WALL SHEAR STRESS AND CROSS FLOW IN THREE DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER ON SHIP HULL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/148404</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A method for measuring the wall shear stress on the hull of a ship model using a three-hole Preston tube is described. By tracing the friction vectors along their directions, the limiting streamlines are obtained.  The velocity distributions in the boundary layer are also measured using the three-hole Pitot tube.  Some of the cross flow profiles measured at the after stations are of the type of the so-called reversed cross flow.  Further, the author proposes a new prediction method for the development of the three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer on a ship hull on the basis of the assumption of the reversed cross flow profile and the employment of the moment integral of crosswise momentum as an additional auxiliary equation.  The results of the calculation agree fairly well with those measured.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/148404</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIRST ORDER APPROXIMATION TO THREE DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER AND ITS APPLICATION TO MODEL SHIP CORRELATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/148391</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer equations are expanded according to the ordinary perturbation method with the flat plate flow as the zeroth order solution.  The momentum thickness, the local skin friction coefficient and the cross flow angle at the wall including the first order term effects are compared with the measured values on a ship model in acceptable agreement.  As applications of this first order solution, an approximate formula to the frictional form factor K sub F is obtained and the scale effect of the velocity and vorticity distribution in the boundary layer over ship hulls is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/148391</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A GENERAL METHOD FOR CALCULATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL LAMINAR AND TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS ON SHIP HULLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/82958</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A general method for representing the flow properties in the three-dimensional boundary layers around ship hulls of arbitrary shape is described. It makes use of an efficient two-point finite-difference scheme to solve the boundary-layer equations and includes an algebraic eddy-viscosity representation of the Reynolds-stress tensor. The numerical method contains novel and desirable features and allows the calculation of flows in which the circumferential velocity component contains regions of flow reversal across the boundary layer. The inviscid pressure distribution is determined with the Douglas-Neumann method which, if necessary, can conveniently allow for the boundary-layer displacement surface. To allow its application to ships, and particularly to those with double-elliptic and flat-bottomed hulls, a nonorthogonal coordinate system has been developed and is shown to be economical, precise and comparatively easy to use. Present calculations relate to zero Froude number but they can be extended to include the effects of a water wave and local regions of flow separation which may stem from bulbous-bow geometries. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/82958</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TWELFTH SYMPOSIUM ON NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/71738</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The proceedings of this symposium comprise twenty-four papers contained in four volumes as follows: Boundary layer stability and transition (4 papers); Ship boundary layers and propeller hull interaction (6 papers); Cavitation (5 papers); and Geophysical fluid dynamics (9 papers).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Jul 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/71738</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXACT INTEGRAL METHOD FOR SOLVING THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATION AROUND SHIP HULLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/58514</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new exact integral method is presented for predicting the development of the three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers around ship hulls.  The equations in the streamline coordinates are solved through the transformation to the coordinates defined by a n-parameter mapping function.  The calculation results are compared with experimental data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/58514</guid>
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