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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Performance of Thin White Topping (TWT) Overlay for NH-848 Nashik Peth Section in Maharashtra State</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2601458</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Thin White Topping (TWT) overlay is Cement Concrete layer laid on top of existing bituminous pavement surface which is in structurally sound condition. It is a composite pavement which takes advantage of existing flexible pavement crust as base for providing a maintenance free and durable concrete overlay. TWT is used to strengthen the existing bituminous pavement to increase the life, durability and reduce maintenance. The existing bituminous surface acts as a base layer over which the thin concrete layer is laid by seeking proper bond between bituminous surface and overlay slab. TWT overlays have been constructed in numerous urban road sites having low traffic volume in cities like Thane, Pune, Aurangabad, Mumbai, Nagpur, Jaipur and Bangalore in the last few years. TWT overlay technique for high volume road traffic road as elaborated in this paper was used for the first time by Public (National Highway) Maharashtra for the project of rehabilitation of two lane with paved shoulders for National Highway (NH) No 848 stretches between Nashik and Peth (Gujarat Border) in Maharashtra state. The project was funded by the Ministry of Road Transport and highways (MoRTH). Total 15 km length of TWT overlay was completed in March 2021 for the project highway between the sections in km 16/000 to km 34/000, km 39/000 to 57/000 & km 62/000 to 65/600. The TWT overlay performance under heavy commercial traffic is monitored for the past 2.5 years is found to be satisfactory and encouraging. This paper mainly covers the implementation of TWT overlay project for high volume traffic on National Highway and its performance observed over the past 2.5 years along with learnings from this project. With the experience gained in the construction of the TWT overlay for high volume traffic and the encouraging performance it is concluded that TWT can be used as a cost-effective maintenance and rehabilitation alternative for bituminous pavements even under high traffic volume such as NH/SH.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2025 11:31:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2601458</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Development of a framework for the structural design of long-lasting porous asphalt pavement for high-traffic volume roadways</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2521436</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Historically, porous asphalt pavements were considered one of the best practices for stormwater management. The primary application of these structures is mainly on low-volume roads, parking lots, shoulders, walkways, etc. Consequently, hydrological aspects dominated their design, with structural design receiving less attention. However, structural design is essential when constructing porous asphalt pavements on heavily trafficked roads. This study develops a framework that uses AASHTO 93 and Pavement ME to design long-lasting porous asphalt pavements on high-traffic roadways. A case study of a roadway in New Jersey with a traffic volume of over 10 million ESALs validates the developed framework. Experiments were conducted on laboratory-mixed and laboratory-compacted porous asphalt mixtures, including confined dynamic modulus, to collect design inputs. There is a significant increase in confined dynamic modulus compared to unconfined dynamic modulus for open-graded porous asphalt mixtures. The study demonstrated the limitations of the current Pavement ME software for analyzing porous asphalt pavement layers. The AASHTO 93 method is more appropriate for long-lasting porous asphalt pavement structural design. Hence, the AASHTO 93 design with a porous asphalt layer thickness of 6 in. is analyzed in Pavement ME for performance prediction. Even though the sections failed in all other distress, as predicted by Pavement ME, they did pass the rut resistance criteria. The total rut depth of the three pavement sections satisfied the requirements (<1 in. in the case study) for 50 years to carry 13 million ESALs of traffic loading.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Apr 2025 09:51:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2521436</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Validation of Performance-Related Specification of High-RAP-Content Surface Mixtures Placed on a High-Volume Road</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509457</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To enhance sustainability and environmental consciousness in road construction, US agencies are increasingly integrating higher reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents into the surface layers of asphalt pavements. Traditional volumetric design methods like Superpave fail to account for the impacts of elevated RAP contents on mixture performance. Thus, the implementation of performance-related specifications that evaluate mixtures both volumetrically and functionally is crucial. The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) currently allows up to 15% RAP in its top surface asphalt layers. In 2021, MassDOT introduced a pilot performance-related specification for mixtures with high RAP contents. This specification aims to address potential variations in RAP characteristics or asphalt binder during the production cycle, from mix design to production. This study was conducted to evaluate the pilot specification. MassDOT authorized the use of 25% to 30% RAP by weight for a high-volume field project on Interstate 495 in Massachusetts. As part of this field project, mixtures were obtained at different intervals from an asphalt plant and compared with a control mixture to establish their properties and performance. A Superpave 9.5-mm mixture containing 25% RAP was produced and placed on this highway. The study evaluated the performance of high-RAP mixtures before production (in lab conditions) and on various production dates (in plant conditions), focusing on consistency across the production cycle. Mixture performances were evaluated in terms of rutting, intermediate-temperature cracking, and low-temperature cracking. Additionally, performance grades of binders extracted from the RAP and mixtures were determined throughout the production stages. The findings indicated that the mixtures using 25% RAP, instead of the typical 15%, maintained consistent performance. Performance space diagrams were also created to illustrate potential performance outcomes for rutting and cracking based on the pilot specifications by MassDOT. These diagrams confirmed that the new specification could yield asphalt mixtures with acceptable performance balance for various types of cracking and rutting, thereby validating the effectiveness of the performance-related specifications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 09:21:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509457</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental studies on pavement quality geopolymer-based concrete (PQGPC) for high-volume roads: a sustainable infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487551</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Studies on Geopolymer concrete (GPC) have received a lot of focus over the last several years as a result of its potential as a carbon-neutral construction material. Because of their significant positive impact on the environment and economy, geopolymers are being investigated as a replacement for OPC in pavements. The use of GPC for structural elements has been studied in numerous research, but a few attempts have been made to use it as Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC). This experimental investigation aims to develop a mixed proportion of Fly Ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)-based Pavement Quality Geopolymer Concrete (PQGPC) which can be utilised for high-volume roads. Investigations include varying the ratio of FA and GGBFS (40% and 50%) in combination with various molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and alkaline solution to binder ratios (As/Bi). The binder content is fixed at 400 and 450 kg/m³. The mix with a 50:50 ratio of FA and GGBFS with 450 kg/m³ binder content having a 14M NaOH solution with SS/SH of 2.5 at an As/Bi ratio of 0.45 achieved the required workability and strength properties at ambient curing of 28 and 90 days based on the criteria of IRC:58-2015.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2025 14:06:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487551</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Lessons Learnt from a Premature Failure of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) on a High-Volume Indian Highway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407343</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the lessons learnt from a premature pavement failure investigation of an Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) surface course laid to rehabilitate one of the most heavily laden National Highways in India. A detailed laboratory investigation was carried out to evaluate the causes of the failure. In addition to testing the samples from the field, the study also verified the applicability of an acid–base titration method to quantify the lime content in the field asphalt mixes. Considering the higher proportion of mineral filler in SMA mixes, a laboratory investigation was conducted as a part of this study to examine the influence of filler fractional voids on the properties of the SMA mixes. Along with the causes of the failure, the paper also emphasizes the pitfalls associated with the SMA construction. The paper also highlights the implications of these pitfalls and lessons learnt during the implementation of the project. One of the aims of the paper is to recommend best practices based on the lessons learnt, specifically etiquettes that are specific for SMA construction and that are not well established. Results of the additional laboratory studies as a part of the investigation showed that the filler fraction voids influenced the mix workability and the bitumen demand. Lime filler with high fractional voids resulted in mixes with lower workability and higher bitumen demand. The findings emphasize the importance of quality control tests for lime filler when used in SMA mixes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Dec 2024 09:56:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407343</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Crowd Emotion Prediction for Human-Vehicle Interaction Through Modified Transfer Learning and Fuzzy Logic Ranking</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306649</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In metropolitan environments, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with video surveillance equipment can monitor crowd behavior and maintain public safety. In high-traffic areas where humans are more likely to make mistakes, a smart city needs modern technology to forecast the behavior of its residents. In order to improve citywide traffic flow, urban transportation systems (UTSs) monitor and learn how people behave in crowds. Using UAVs for video surveillance in smart cities, our research describes a unique way to assess crowd condition, which expands the scope of human-vehicle interactions. Moreover, the authors use fuzzy logic ranking to improve the system’s ability to detect anomalies in crowds. In order to improve decision-making, a novel deep transfer learning (DTL) technique is applied to the UAV’s received frames. A 98.5% accuracy rate, satisfactory performance, and robustness to population behavior are all characteristics of the proposed integrated model. In UTSs and urban areas, our novel intelligent system analyzes human behavior based on vehicle-human interactions. In areas with low and high traffic congestion, the modified ResNet (mResNet) architecture predicts the crowd’s condition based on fuzzy logic (FLA). Through decision-making based on accurate crowd conditions, best general paths can be selected using the algorithm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Apr 2024 09:14:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306649</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of through Bicycles with High Volumes on Capacity of Right-Turn Movement at Signalized Intersection</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2281657</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of through bicycles with high volume on the capacity of exclusive right-turn lane groups at signalized intersections, and to propose a new method to estimate the capacity of right-turn lane groups under the effect of high and heavy bicycle flows. The result shows that the reduction of capacity of right-turn vehicle lane groups can be calculated through the effective green loss of vehicles made by bicycles and the conflict zone occupancy of the bicycles respectively. Green loss can be calculated based on a traffic flow theory, the conflict zone occupancy of the bicycles can be estimated by the model of conflict zone occupancy of the bicycles according to the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2000), and ultimately the capacity of right-turn lane groups can be estimated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Mar 2024 16:36:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2281657</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Attention Reinforcement Learning–Based Strategy for Large-Scale Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319667</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes a reinforcement learning (RL)-based traffic control strategy integrated with attention mechanism for large-scale adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) system. The proposed attention RL integrates attention mechanism into a multiagent RL model, namely multiagent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO), so as to enable more effective, scalable, and stable learning in complex ATSC environments. In the attention RL, decentralized policies are trained using a centrally computed critic that shares an attention model, while the attention model selects relevant intersections for each agent to estimate the global critic. This framework effectively reduces the computational complexity and stabilizes the training process, enhancing the ability of RL agents to control large-scale traffic networks. The proposed control strategy is tested in both a large synthetic traffic grid and a large real-world traffic network of Yangzhou city using the microscopic traffic simulation tool, SUMO. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach learns stable and sustainable policies that achieve lower congestion level and faster recovery, which outperforms other state-of-art RL-based approaches, as well as a gap-based actuated controller.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 2024 17:05:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319667</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bridge design and construction for the Bruce Highway upgrade at Caloundra Road to Sunshine Motorway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Bruce Highway Upgrade project is a $932m highway improvement scheme between Caloundra Road and Sunshine Motorway (CR2SM) on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. The project involves the widening of the existing highway to 6 lanes over a heavily trafficked 9km length highway. The project incorporates two major interchange upgrades as well as multiple creek and river crossings. The northern interchange at the Sunshine Motorway removed signalised intersections to provide free-flowing grade separation between the two motorways. The southern interchange at Caloundra Road incorporates Australia’s first Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI) utilising two new bridge structures to carry Caloundra Road over the Bruce Highway. The DDI replaced the existing interchange and reduced the project footprint adjacent to the Beerwah State Forest without the need for significant additional land-take. Twenty new bridges comprising of prestressed concrete girders and deck-units were employed along with three new box-culvert type structures for active-transport links. Twelve structures cross rivers and creeks where peak flow velocities of up to 6m/s can occur during major flood events. All bridges were founded on cast in-place piles which were socketed into the underlying rock.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Dec 2023 14:53:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306752</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Road Maintenance Management System for India’s National Highway Network Using HDM-4 and Genetic Programming</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973823</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the increasing traffic loads on National highways of India, pavements are deteriorating at a faster rate leading to premature failure. In addition to this, lack of scientific road management system leads to lower levels of serviceability and unreliable road network in the long term. Therefore, in order to maintain the highway network in good condition the road administration should focus on long lasting and economical road maintenance solutions. The research study focuses on the development of road management system for high volume roads using calibrated Highway Development & Management (HDM-4) model. Long-term pavement performance under various maintenance strategies has been measured in terms of roughness progression using HDM model. Genetic Programming (GP) system has been configured to develop four distress prediction models i.e., roughness, ravelling, cracking and rutting. Adequacy of GP models has been measured using simple linear regression analysis. Statistical significance of roughness model has been evaluated using student’s t-test. Variability in the output results of the two deterministic models, i.e., HDM and GP has been computed by comparing the difference between predicted and observed roughness behaviour. Prediction models play a crucial role in development of Road Maintenance and Management System (RMMS) for systematic technical as well as economic appraisal of road projects. Future modelling of pavement behaviour related to various maintenance activities will assist the highway planners and road agencies in timely monitoring and conditioning of roads by adopting suitable management framework.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Nov 2023 16:08:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973823</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Slope stress criteria as a complement to traffic stress criteria, and impact on high comfort bicycle accessibility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2256513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A high-comfort bike network that connects people's homes with their destinations is crucial to attracting more people to cycling. While avoiding high traffic stress is one critical dimension of comfort, another is avoiding steep climbs. In this study, the authors propose “Steepness Level” criteria that can complement Level of Traffic Stress criteria for evaluating bike networks, drawing from best-practice guidelines and behavioral studies that show tradeoffs cyclists make between steep grades and additional distance. They then apply these criteria to Montreal's bike network, along with Level of Traffic Stress criteria, to determine the impact of considering steepness limitations on bike accessibility. For some situations, adding steepness limitations has a small impact on accessibility while in others, it makes many neighborhoods inaccessible that, based on traffic stress alone, would be considered accessible. And where the topography creates a natural barrier (a ridge) with a single gently sloped corridor passing through, they demonstrate that applying low-traffic-stress treatments in this corridor would increase the fraction of central Montreal that is accessible by bike from 33% to 50%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Oct 2023 13:42:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2256513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Highway Performance Monitoring System Traffic Data for High Volume Routes: Best Practices and Guidelines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2072059</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this project is to investigate and document information that can be shared with states on various procedures being used to estimate and report traffic data on high-volume routes. This study focuses on the accurate collection of traffic data on high-volume routes, as well as the processes that accompany the collection of these data. The study develops best practices and guidelines for improving the quality of annual average daily traffic (AADT) estimates on these high-volume routes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Dec 2022 15:58:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2072059</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>High Volume Freeway Travel Time Reliability and the COVID-19 Pandemic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1956563</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel time reliability (TTR) performance on two high traffic volume freeway corridors (I-90 and I-405) in the U.S.A. Specifically, the travel time distributions (TTDs) during and before the pandemic are compared. The paper also examines which TTR metrics best capture the effect of the pandemic on reliability performance. There were statistically significant differences, at the 95% confidence level, between TTD in 2020 and corresponding TTDs in 2018 and 2019. Not surprisingly, all measures of central tendency and all measures of dispersions were reduced during the pandemic. Consequently, it was concluded that TTR performance improved during the pandemic regardless of what TTR definition was used. Travel time index (TTI), planning time index (PTI), and the level of travel time reliability (LOTTR) metrics improved during the pandemic, albeit at different rates. In contrast, the buffer index and coefficient of variation increased. In other words, whether an analyst would identify that TTR improved or decreased during the pandemic, and by how much, would be a function of which TTR metric was applied. Not surprisingly, the more congested the roadway section, the greater the impact the pandemic-related interventions had on TTR. It was found that, practically speaking, there are no differences in TTI, PTI, or LOTTR values when TTDs are formulated using a 5?min or 15?min aggregation interval. It was concluded that analysts need to have a deep understanding of the underlying TTD and the various TTR definitions when evaluating changes in freeway systems’ TTR.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 May 2022 10:19:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1956563</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Hybrid Binder Use in Asphalt Mixtures in Louisiana</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1948609</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Currently, the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LaDOTD) primarily
relies on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) modified asphalt binders to produce and place asphalt
mixtures that resist climate- and load-induced distresses on relatively higher-volume roads and
facilities. Yet, recent studies indicated supply shortage of styrene-butadiene polymers for the
asphalt industry and recommended that alternate asphalt modifiers be considered during supply
shortages, including a very interesting alternative: hybrid binders. This study aims to identify and
evaluate whether different hybrid binders can perform competitively versus other modified
asphalts currently used in Louisiana’s highway applications. This study will also assess the
feasibility of using Hybrid Rubber Modified Asphalt (HRMA) mixtures in Louisiana through
laboratory testing and structural analysis to predict the field performance of these mixtures. The
implementation of this research will reduce the fatigue and rutting distresses in asphalt
pavements, which are common problems in South-Central United States. The results of this
research will be used to implement and optimize the use of HRMA mix in asphalt pavements in
South-Central United States, and to reduce costs. This research will impact state DOTs, highway
contractors, transportation, and the public at large.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 May 2022 11:45:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1948609</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of Coarse Aggregate Shape and Texture on Engineering Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete Prepared for High Traffic Routes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1900870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Use of roller-compacted concrete in pavement construction is increasing. Roller compacted concrete is a zero-slump, highly compacted concrete that is placed by equipment similar to that used in asphalt pavement construction. This investigation was conducted to collect the state-of-the-art information on effects of coarse aggregate size and texture on the strength and workability of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) for pavement construction and maintenance. Concrete specimens containing cubical and rough coarse aggregate, irregular and rough coarse aggregate, angular and rough coarse aggregate, rounded/spherical and smooth coarse aggregate, and flaky/elongated and rough coarse aggregate were prepared at 1:3:3 concrete mix ratio and 0.4 water cement ratio. Laboratory testing of specimens derived from the concrete specimens showed excellent results for cubical and rough coarse aggregate, irregular and rough coarse aggregate, and angular and rough coarse aggregate. Specimens from the rounded/spherical and smooth coarse aggregate, and flaky/elongated and rough coarse aggregate performed poorly in laboratory. The study therefore recommends the use of cubical and rough coarse aggregate, and irregular and rough coarse aggregate in the production of roller-compacted concrete for pavement construction and maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jan 2022 10:49:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1900870</guid>
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