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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Analysis of the Influence of Space Environmental on the Thermal Radiation Performance and Surplus of a Multilayer Insulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2732250</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Thermal shock, space combined irradiation test, and humidity test were carried out on one type of multilayer insulation. We summarized and analyzed the change in solar absorptance and hemispheric emittance before and after the environmental test. At the same time, the thermal stability and vacuum pollution characteristics were investigated by thermal weightlessness test and thermal vacuum outgassing test. The results show that the change in thermal radiation performance before and after the environmental test is no more than 0.02, the heat resistance is 350 °C, TML is 0.50%, and CVCM is 0.05% at 135 °C. It is observed that the thermal radiation performance of the material is hardly degraded by thermal shock, and humidity and space combined irradiation. The multi-layer insulation shows good thermal radiation characteristics, thermal stability, and low space pollution characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Aug 2026 17:23:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2732250</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Asphalt pavement heat insulation bonding layer material: Mechanical, bonding properties and heat preservation efficacy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725337</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To enhance the usage performance of asphalt pavement under extreme climate temperatures, the heat insulation performance of asphalt pavement bonding layer was endowed, and the mechanical properties, bonding performance, and durability of heat insulation bonding layer materials (HIBLM) were revealed. A method for evaluating the heat preservation effect was designed, and the heat preservation performance of HIBLM was compared and evaluated. The results show that compared with hollow glass beads (HGB)-HIBLM and expanded perlite (EP)-HIBLM, the mechanical properties of floating beads (FB)-HIBLM are outstanding, and the 7 d tensile strength can be increased by 6%–12%. The bonding strength of FB-HIBLM and EP-HIBLM is the best, which can increase by 23%–28% compared to HGB-HIBLM. After 30 d temperature change cycles or 15 d immersion in water, the mechanical and interlayer bonding properties of HGB-HIBLM, FB-HIBLM, and EP-HIBLM decrease less than those of ordinary emulsified asphalt (OEA), showing excellent durability. In the 100 min cooling test, the average cooling rate of the lower surface of the HIBLM decreased by 17%–18%. At 85–100 min, the maximum heat preservation temperature differences of HGB-HIBLM, FB-HIBLM, and EP-HIBLM are 4.8 °C, 4.7 °C and 4.7 °C, respectively, and the heat preservation values are 2.5 °C, 2.3 °C and 2.2 °C, respectively.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 09:30:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725337</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Verification of the Impact of Rare-Earth Titanate on Fuel Economy and Combustion Stability in Gasoline Engines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695899</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A high-response thermal barrier coating（TBC）has focused as one of the technologies to improve engine cooling losses. In this report, the effects on fuel economy and combustion stability were investigated by applying the Rare-Earth Titanate as a TBC to the piston crown surface. An improvement in fuel economy was confirmed. On the other hand, in high-load operating regions, decreasing of fuel economy and power were observed due to knocking. Therefore, by avoiding coating the end-gas region in TBC, the knocking was suppressed. An improvement in combustion stability in Fast-Idle（FI）was confirmed. This was caused by an increase in IMEP during FI due to TBC.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 09:23:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695899</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Next-Generation Burner for Use in Testing Thermal Acoustic Insulation Burnthrough Resistance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696957</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new and improved burner was developed to test the fire penetration resistance of thermal acoustic insulation in accordance with Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 25.856 (b). This next-generation (NexGen) burner was developed mainly to provide industry with an alternative to the currently accepted burner apparatus manufactured by Park Electric Motors of Atlantic City, NJ. Title 14 CFR 25.856 was written based on the use of the Park DPL 3400 burner; however, the company stopped production of this apparatus shortly after the new test method became final in 2003. The NexGen burner can be considered a direct replacement to the Park-manufactured burner, with several key improvements. The NexGen burner is based on the same operating principle as the Park DPL 3400, using the same, or very similar, internal components to avoid drastically changing the overall character of the flame. The main difference is the elimination of the electric motor, which provided power to the fuel pump and blower fan in the Park-manufactured burner. In the NexGen burner, these functions have been replaced with regulated and conditioned compressed air and a pressurized fuel delivery system. Compressed air, when metered with a sonic orifice and conditioned to remove heat and moisture, proves to be more consistent over extended periods of time than to using a shaft-driven blower and laboratory air for the burner, thus increasing the repeatability of the NexGen burner. NexGen fuel delivery is provided by applying a head pressure of nitrogen gas on liquid fuel contained in a pressure vessel. This new method eliminates any fluctuations that were previously experienced with the electric motor and shaft-driven fuel pump typical of the Park-manufactured burner. The exit air velocity and the fuel flow rate of the NexGen burner were matched to that of the Park DPL 3400 burner specifications to produce a flame of similar temperature and heat flux. Initial comparison tests indicated that the NexGen burner provides burnthrough results similar to that of the Park burner when comparing identical materials. Multiple NexGen burners were produced, and all were proven to provide the same results. NexGen burners were shipped to participating laboratories, tested with identical materials, and proven to be reproducible at different locations. This work has shown that an equivalent burner can be fabricated from readily available materials and can be used to test materials according 14 CFR 25.856 (b).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 23 May 2026 18:35:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696957</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Flammability of In-Service Aircraft Thermal Acoustic Insulation Blankets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696965</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Thermal acoustic insulation blankets are widely used in commercial aircraft to provide thermal insulation and acoustic damping. This report examines the burning effects on the thermal acoustic insulation blankets retrieved from the EVA Airways Flight BR67 fire event. On February 23, 2008, passengers disembarking from EVA Airways Flight BR67 reported smoke in the cabin of the Boeing 747-400 after landing at Suvamabhumi International Airport in Bangkok, Thailand. An investigation of the incident revealed burned thermal acoustic insulation blankets. The level of contamination on the encapsulating films of the as-received insulation blankets varied greatly. Samples of the contaminated film from different locations were weighed to determine the areal weight of contamination, were ranked by visual inspection, and were characterized by microscale combustion calorimetry to determine the thermal combustion properties. Thermal acoustic insulation blankets were also tested for flammability as prescribed by Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations 25.853 and 25.855. It was found that the visible contamination ranged in areal weight up to 167 grams per square meter of film surface and had a heat of combustion of 13 kJ/g, which is half that of the underlying insulation bag film. All in-service blankets and film samples passed the required 12-second vertical Bunsen burner test for flame resistance. The contaminated blankets did not pass the voluntary guideline for flame spread. Numerical modeling of the burning rate of contaminated blankets was conducted to help explain the flame spread results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 23 May 2026 18:35:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696965</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Energy Efficiency of Urban Transport Systems Using Innovative Thermal Insulation Coatings</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2579720</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban transport systems are crucial for maintaining the dynamic operations of modern cities, yet they are significant consumers of energy and contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. This paper explores the potential of innovative thermal insulation coatings to enhance energy efficiency in urban transport systems, particularly focusing on metro and light rail systems. Thermal insulation coatings can mitigate heat transfer, thereby reducing the energy needed for heating and cooling urban transport infrastructure. By maintaining more consistent temperatures, these coatings improve thermal comfort for passengers and potentially increase ridership. The study examines the energy consumption patterns and CO2 emissions associated with urban transport and offers policy recommendations to minimize energy use and emissions, promoting sustainable urban mobility. A comprehensive, system-wide approach is proposed to overcome the unique challenges of improving energy efficiency in urban rail systems, taking into account the complexities of both above-ground and underground infrastructures. The findings suggest that innovative thermal insulation coatings can achieve significant energy savings without compromising service quality or capacity. The paper calls for further research to explore the full potential of these coatings and other energy-efficient strategies to create more sustainable, energy-efficient urban transport systems, contributing to the broader goal of building more livable and environmentally friendly cities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2579720</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Lifetime Prediction of Electrical Machines Under Nonstationary Loads by Coupled Thermal Model and Insulation Aging Assessment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604081</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electrical machines (EMs) in electromechanical actuators (EMAs) need to be highly reliable, especially when driving safety-critical systems in more electric aircraft (MEA). However, the nonstationary loads faced during mission profiles will cause the EM to overheat, raising the risk of insulation failure. Motivated by the issue, this article proposes a lifetime prediction framework based on multifield coupling models. The main objective is to obtain the temperature curve during a nonstationary mission and then predict the lifetime of the EM in the context of insulation thermal aging. Specifically, a lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) model is calibrated based on electromagnetic field, fluid field simulations, and temperature tests, which achieves the accurate temperature prediction of EMs under nonstationary loads. Accelerated thermal aging tests are carried out on typical insulation specimens for EMs. The obtained data are processed by a thermal degradation model based on the Wiener process and Arrhenius law; then, a lifetime prediction model is developed at several lifetime percentiles for variable temperature operations. Finally, the proposed model is employed for predicting the lifetime of the EM under typical nonstationary load conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 09:37:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604081</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Energy Efficient Design Solution for the Interface Node Between the Floor Slab and the Wall</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407840</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The most of the housing stock in the Russian Federation is located in difficult climatic conditions. In such a situation, an important place is occupied by issues related to the energy efficiency of the enclosing structures of residential buildings. In Russia, in the field of civil engineering, a significant proportion of buildings erected using monolithic technology do not meet modern thermal protection requirements. Improving the energy efficiency of such buildings at the design and modernization stages is an important scientific and practical task. The article proposes innovative design solutions aimed at increasing the thermal protection of the building envelopes and the parameters of the microclimate of the premises, which are various options for the joints of the floor disc with the wall. The proposed solutions can be used in the renovation of existing buildings, as well as in the design and construction of new monolithic residential buildings. The issues of heat transfer processes in the junction of the floor disc with the wall are considered. For the studied fragments of the enclosing structures, mathematical models are built based on the heat conduction equation. The results of computational experiments in the ANSYS software package are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2025 10:32:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407840</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on the thermal response and key parameters for passive fire protection of bridge cables under different fire conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2563172</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Suspension bridges are significant in urban development, and there is a growing concern about protecting cables from vehicle fires. In this study, a 1:4 scale model experiment was established, and 10 sets of gasoline pool fire experiments were conducted to investigate the temperature distribution of the cables during the fire. Based on these experiments, high silica fiber felt/aerogel (HSFFA) was selected as the thermal insulation protection material. Furthermore, the heat transfer mechanism of the cable cross-section under the protection of the thermal insulation material was investigated through 28 sets of numerical simulations of heat transfer. The results showed that: (1) Vehicle fires in the emergency lane have a greater impact on bridge cables compared to those in the slow lane, with the most unfavorable wind speed being 1.5 m/s. (2) The maximum height at which th ambient wind speed e cable surface temperature reaches 300°C is 20.8 m. Therefore, the maximum height for cable fire protection should not be less than 20.8 m. (3) A height of 12.8 m serves as the threshold for selecting different passive protection thicknesses for the cables. For hanger heights below 12.8 m, a 10 mm thick HSFFA is recommended, whereas a 5 mm thick HSFFA is suitable for the range between 12.8 m and 20.8 m. This study can serve as a valuable reference for cables fire protection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Jul 2025 09:56:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2563172</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Passive Thermal Control Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries under Thermal Abuse Conditions: An Experimental Study on Thermal Insulation Efficacy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2550827</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Thermal abuse conditions can seriously reduce the thermal stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and even trigger thermal runaway (TR) of LIBs. This is very dangerous for electric vehicles if the TR event shows up inside the battery module. In this work, the passive control method of battery TR under the thermal abuse condition has been studied. First, thermal insulation experiments are conducted with the single-layer ceramic fiber–reinforced silica dioxide aerogel board. Results show that the 1.5-mm-thick aerogel board could not prevent TR of the battery within the heating period. But the heating time required for inducing TR is extended by 357 s. Different performance tests on the three-layer composite thermal insulation board (TTI board) are also conducted. Changing the type and thickness of metal sheets has a certain impact on the overall thermal insulation performance of TTI boards. The combination of 0.2-mm-thick copper (Cu) sheets and aerogel board in the experiment has the best thermal insulation ability. Compared with the single-layer insulation board, a TTI board reduces the maximum surface temperature of the battery by 39.18°C, a decrease of 29.96%. From a mechanistic perspective, the addition of metal sheets in the TTI board greatly reduces its absorption of thermal radiation, thereby improving the overall insulation performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 11:42:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2550827</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Thermal Insulation Performance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete for High-Geothermal-Temperature Highway Tunnels</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2540055</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The construction efficiency of geothermal tunnels is low, and operating lining problems occur frequently, which critically affect tunnel construction and operational safety. Traditional insulation methods primarily involve laying a sandwich thermal insulation layer; however, disadvantages of such methods include high cost, flammability, and poor durability. Therefore, based on the Nige Tunnel project in Yunnan Province, which is the highest-temperature highway tunnel in China, a lightweight aggregate concrete (LAC) with both supporting and thermal resistance effects was developed herein. The proposed concrete exhibits load-bearing capabilities and provides thermal insulation. Through an orthogonal test, it was identified that the shale ceramsite content was a significant factor affecting the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the LAC, followed by vitrified microspheres. When the shale ceramsite content was 60%, the vitrified microsphere content was 80%, and the curing temperature was 40°C; it is the best mixing ratio for LAC to consider both strength and thermal insulation performance. Moreover, a LAC thermodynamic performance index prediction model was established. A numerical simulation method was utilized to optimize the LAC thermal insulation structural parameters in the geothermal tunnel, and a field spraying test was conducted. The results demonstrated that as the thermal conductivity decreased or the spray layer thickness increased, the surrounding rock temperature at each radial depth increased. This influence weakened with an increase in the radial depth of the surrounding rock. When applying the LAC spray layer to high-geothermal-temperature tunnels, priority should be afforded to reducing the thermal conductivity of the material, followed by increasing the LAC spray layer thickness. For the Nige Tunnel, the concrete compressive strength was 18.27 MPa, the thermal conductivity was 0.69  W/(m·K), and the spray layer thickness was 200 mm. The air temperature in the tunnel ranged between 27.8 and 30.1°C, which simultaneously meets heat insulation and stress requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 08:26:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2540055</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Effect of Varying the Air Openings around the Sliding Platform in the Radiant Panel Insulation Test</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536999</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A radiant panel insulation test round robin with 24 labs was conducted in 2015 and the test results varied considerably between labs. Dimension data about each apparatus was collected from each participating lab and the air openings around the sliding platform were identified as one possible cause of the test discrepancies. Preliminary studies were then conducted at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center with four different insulation materials while varying the air openings. This testing found that certain materials failed more often when the openings were closed. A larger study was designed with four labs testing many parameters with the air gaps fully closed, partially open, and fully open. Each lab conducted a three-position calibration, measured the sliding platform top surface temperatures using a thermocouple array, and tested 20 samples of two different materials at each gap setting. Statistical analysis of variance was used to compare the material test data. Test results showed similar trends between all four labs for the calibration and surface temperature data, with mixed results for the material testing data. Minimum opening dimensions around the sliding platform were added to the Aircraft Materials Fire Test Handbook Revision 3 based on the results of this study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2025 08:48:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536999</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fire Resistance of Tunnel Surfaces (UTI-UTC 42)
</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543432</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project investigates the fire resistance performance of various protective coatings and materials applied to tunnel surfaces, with the objective of improving the structural integrity and safety of tunnels during fire events. Focusing on intumescent paints, sprayed fire-resistant materials (SFRM), and fire-resistant tiles, the study evaluates these treatments through a series of standardized fire tests on concrete panels. The research assesses key parameters such as thermal insulation, spalling behavior, and residual structural strength under high temperatures. Data collected from full-scale testing inform the development of predictive models for tunnel liner performance in fire scenarios. The findings contribute to enhanced design guidelines for fire protection in underground infrastructure, supporting safer tunnel operation and more resilient transportation networks.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2025 16:05:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543432</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interturn Insulation Defect Diagnosis of Traction Transformer Using Dynamic Waveform Segment for Oscillating Wave</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511539</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traction transformer is the key equipment in traction power supply system, in which the interturn insulation defect is one of the most common reasons for winding faults. This article proposes the interturn insulation defect diagnostic method of traction transformer using the dynamic waveform segment for oscillating wave. First, a transformation method is explored to obtain the electric energy oscillating wave chart that reflects the variation in energy stored in the circuit through the analogous relationship of mechanical-electrical, and the selection method of dynamic waveform segment for oscillating wave is clarified based on the energy attenuation factor. Subsequently, the texture features are extracted from the dynamic waveform segment of the oscillating wave, and the diagnostic model based on WOA-RF is presented, achieving effective diagnosis of interturn insulation fault in the traction transformer. Finally, the oscillating wave waveforms of the traction transformer are obtained by experiments. Both experiments and field cases demonstrate that the electric energy oscillating wave chart, based on oscillating wave measurement, exhibits obvious regularity and high distinction of characteristic information, which can realize the accurate diagnosis of the interturn insulation defect without hanging cover maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 2025 15:51:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511539</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dielectric Feature Parameters Database Using for Aging State Evaluation of Traction Transformer Insulation at Hotspot Region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511504</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Accurate aging state evaluation of traction transformer insulation at the hotspot region is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of the railway traffic system. Given this issue, this research begins by collecting the polarization currents of oil-paper insulation. Then, the modified dielectric response model is proposed to simulate the collected polarization currents. To extract the dielectric feature parameters related to the insulating paper’s aging state, the cooperative co-evolutionary algorithm (CCEA) modified by niche mechanisms (NMs) is proposed. During the iteration process, the inversion computation technique is devised to reduce the number of feature parameters to be optimized. Futhermore, the dielectric feature parameters database is established by the surface fitting technique, Finally, the database is employed to evaluate the aging state of hotspot insulating paper under both laboratory conditions and field transformers and correct the influence of testing temperature. The relative errors between the calculated and measured DP in verification experiments are under 4%, and the corresponding aging state labels are exactly the same. In this context, the study is anticipated to provide a precise assessment of the aging degree of traction transformer insulation at the hotspot region.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 2025 15:51:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511504</guid>
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