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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Effect of graphite heat transfer channels and specific heat capacity on thermal properties of asphalt mixture</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709481</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research investigated the effect of graphite heat transfer channels and the specific heat capacity of aggregates on asphalt pavement heat accumulation. Graphite channels were designed and embedded in the middle layer of asphalt samples to study heat absorption, transfer and the cooling process. Dynamic creep tests were conducted at 40°C and 60°C to assess rutting performance. The findings showed that specimens with lower specific heat capacity exhibited more efficient heat transfer. Graphite channels led to a notable temperature reduction in the upper and middle layers, by 4.8°C and 4.9°C, respectively. Moreover, the specimen containing granite aggregates and three channels demonstrated a quicker temperature drop during the cooling process once thermal radiation ceased. According to the creep test results, samples incorporating heat transfer channels displayed a higher Flow Number compared to control specimens, indicating improved resistance to permanent deformation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:31:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709481</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development and Optimization of Biochar-Infused Self-Heating Concrete for Bridge Deck Deicing, Strength, and Service Life</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696157</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ongoing advances in the understanding of the chemistry and physics of infrastructure materials are making it possible to endow concrete with functional properties that include electrical conductivity, active thermal management, and charge storage. In this proposal, the research team will exploit these advances to engineer concrete bridge deck materials that can be heated in cold weather to eliminate or prevent ice formation. This functional behavior will be produced by infusing the material with moderate doses of biochar, a nanoporous and electrically conductive additive that will enable the material to conduct electricity and thereby raise the material’s temperature by Joule heating. The advent of electrically conductive concrete (ECC) will greatly reduce or eliminate the need for deicing salts in cold weather, the latter which interferes with traffic patterns when applied and shortens the service life of bridge decks by salt scaling mechanisms. In addition, the formulations will be optimized for ideal self-heating and maximum possible compressive strength.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 19:56:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696157</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental study on directional thermal conduction design and temperature rise characteristics of composite concrete pavement in cold regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648748</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The electric heating system for pavements in cold regions can effectively reduce road safety risks caused by ice and snow; however, it faces the issue of high energy consumption. To achieve efficient directional heat transfer and low energy consumption for snow and ice melting while maintaining the basic functional use of the road, this paper proposes a directional thermal conductive composite concrete pavement, using steel fiber concrete as the thermal conductive layer material and fly ash cenosphere concrete as the thermal insulation layer material. The mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of the pavement material under various mix ratio schemes are systematically analyzed, and indoor preheating temperature rise tests are conducted to analyze its energy consumption characteristics. The results indicate that, based on a comprehensive consideration of mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, the thermal insulation layer material is determined to be fly ash cenosphere concrete with a 20 % mass replacement ratio, while the thermal conductive layer material is selected to be steel fiber concrete with a 1.5 % Copper-plated steel fiber content. Moreover, the composite concrete specimens formed by these two materials exhibit enhanced compressive strength compared to ordinary concrete. The temperature rise test results show that under different heating power conditions, the energy consumption per square meter of the composite pavement model is reduced by more than 24 % when the surface temperature reaches 2–3°C. Based on the research results, an efficient, energy-saving electric heating concrete pavement with power regulation optimization is proposed, providing experimental foundation and theoretical support for active snow and ice melting pavements in cold regions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:45:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648748</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battery Thermal Management Approach for Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles – An Indian Case Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675970</link>
      <description><![CDATA[India's electric 2-wheeler (E2W) market has witnessed fast growth, driven by lucrative government policies. The two-wheeler segment dominates the Indian automotive market, accounting for the largest share of total sales. Consequently, the manufacturers of 2-wheelers are developing new electric vehicles (EV) tailored for the Indian market. However, the Indian EV market has witnessed multiple fire accidents in recent years, raising safety concerns among consumers and industry stakeholders. These incidents highlight key weakness in battery thermal management systems (BTMS), particularly during charging. Most existing E2W BTMS relies on passive (natural) air cooling, which has been associated with fire incidents due to its inefficiency in heat dissipation, particularly during charging in India's high-temperature environment. Therefore, it is imperative to build thermally viable and economical BTMS for the growing E2W vehicles with fast charging capability. FEV is actively developing the thermally efficient and cost-effective BTMS solutions tailored for Indian E2Ws operating in extreme climatic conditions. The present study evaluates a novel approach of integrating heat carrier plates into the E2W with 3.6 kWh battery pack, which is analyzed under natural and forced air cooling system. The airtight battery pack is located under the floorboard region. The multiple internal heat carrier plates models are developed and integrated with aligned and staggered cell arrangement to evaluate heat dissipation and temperature uniformity with the battery pack. The study further proposes a concept of duct and fan placement for the application during forced air cooling. The simulations are performed at a high ambient temperature of 45 °C, representing a worst-case scenario in India, using charging rates of 0.2 C for natural cooling and 0.35 C for forced cooling. The results show that the aligned cell model with 4-heat carrier plates achieve superior temperature distribution across cells, with a lower average module temperature of 49.6 °C, minimal temperature gradient of 1.3°C and reduced maximum cell temperature of 50 °C, under natural cooling. In forced air-cooling mode, the split air duct model provides better cooling over the battery cover surfaces with maximum temperature of 55 °C with ?T of 4°C. The study also presents comprehensive details of modelling approaches and outlines the scope of further research for developing thermally efficient BTMS for E2Ws.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 08:38:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675970</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Thermal Runaway Characteristics of LMFP Hybrid Batteries at Different
                    State of Charge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675972</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have drawn substantial scientific interest because                     of their impressive energy storage capabilities and long-term operational                     stability. In recent years, new battery material systems have emerged, among                     which LMFP (LiMnxFe1-xPO4) is regarded as a                     promising candidate for future battery development, combining high energy                     density with enhanced safety. However, research on the thermal runaway (TR)                     behavior of LMFP-based batteries remains scarce, leaving their cell-level safety                     unverified. This study modifies the conventional state of charge (SOC)                     classification method by measuring the oxidation state of cathode materials at                     specific voltages. By testing the thermal runaway (TR) temperature and gas                     release characteristics of LMFP hybrid batteries under different voltage states,                     it reveals the influence of cathode oxidation state on TR behavior. The results                     demonstrate that when the NCM (LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2) component remains                     unoxidized, the battery does not undergo complete TR. The self-heating                     temperature (T1) increases as the voltage decreases. However,                     comparative analysis of 3.9 V and 4.2 V batteries indicates that the oxidation                     state of NCM has the most significant impact on peak TR temperature.                     Furthermore, the severity of TR weakens with decreasing voltage, whereas the                     explosion hazard from vented gases intensifies, peaking at 3.5 V. This work                     fills a critical research gap in understanding the cell-level TR behavior of                     LMFP-based batteries, providing a theoretical foundation for their further                     optimization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 08:38:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675972</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Microstructure and conductivity of bitumen modified by synchronised PU in-situ polymerisation and CNT integration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643619</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Self-sensing conductive bitumen pavement materials hold critical importance for smart transportation systems. While current research predominantly focuses on conductive asphalt concrete, the insulating nature of aggregates necessitates dependence on bitumen binders for pavement conductivity. This study addresses the fundamental challenge of constructing conductive networks within bituminous materials. A polyurethane (PU) prepolymer was synthesised via reaction between diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and polypropylene glycol (PPG), subsequently employed for bitumen modification. To enhance conductivity, carbon nanotubes (CNT) were introduced through dual pathways: direct incorporation into the bitumen matrix and integration during PU-prepolymer synthesis. Comprehensive evaluations including dynamic shear rheological (DSR) analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity measurements were conducted. Remarkably, minimal CNT addition (2 wt.% relative to PU-prepolymer, equivalent to 0.4 wt.% in final composites) induced a four-order-of-magnitude conductivity enhancement. Mechanistic investigations via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that CNT participation in PU-prepolymer synthesis facilitates percolated network formation. This structure concurrently improves electrical pathways and interfacial reinforcement within the bitumen matrix.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2026 14:31:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643619</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cool Pavement Evaluation: Sun Valley, Los Angeles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2611283</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, the City of Los Angeles has been leading the efforts to combat Urban Heat. In particular, the City outlined a goal of reducing the urban-rural temperature differential by 3°F by 2035 (Sustainable City pLAn, 2015). To achieve this goal, the Bureau of Street Services (StreetsLA), initiated the installation of solar reflective 'Cool Pavements' across fifteen City Council Districts. The report draws upon three empirical research methods to examine the thermal comfort of the novel Cool Pavements Project in the Sun Valley neighborhood in Los Angeles. For this study, Sun Valley site was selected because the area received three different treatments of the Cool Pavements, and has a patch of regular asphalt pavement within the same neighborhood block.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 09:26:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2611283</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Early warning strategy for overheating-induced thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries based on fast impedance measurement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608636</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reliable early warning of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) thermal runaway (TR) remains a pivotal yet unresolved challenge in battery safety research. Given the escalating risks of LIB fire hazards, developing timely and reliable early-stage TR detection methods holds significant practical importance. In this study, the authors conducted TR experiments triggered by overheating on pouch cells at varying states of charge (SOC). A rapid impedance testing platform was established to monitor real-time impedance at five characteristic frequency points during TR progression. Concurrently, parameters including temperature, voltage, and impedance were analyzed throughout the process. The TR event was divided into four distinct phases based on the evolution of impedance: heat conduction-dominated phase, gas generation-dominated phase, partial internal short circuit-dominated phase, and thermal runaway phase. Based on impedance characteristics at specified frequencies and their corresponding TR mechanisms, a two-level early warning strategy was developed. This method successfully achieved TR warning and demonstrated a 93.1 % alert time ahead of significant voltage drop or intense temperature rise in validation experiments using an NCA cell. These findings provide critical insights for enhancing the monitoring capabilities of battery management systems (BMS) and improving LIB safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2025 16:50:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608636</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-physics modeling of early-age hygro-thermal-chemical (HTC) fields in the base plate of double-block ballastless track structures considering different curing strategies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2602333</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cast-in-situ ballastless track structures are prone to early-age cracking, which seriously affects their durability. Therefore, this paper focuses on investigating the complex multi-physical field distribution of double-block ballastless track structures at early ages. Currently, hygro-thermal-chemical (referred to as HTC model) coupled modeling has not been implemented in large-scale commercial software. This paper demonstrates the application of a recently proposed framework to study the early-age behavior of cast-in-situ double-block ballastless track structures via hygro-thermal-hydration analysis. To investigate the influence of curing methods on multi-physical fields, an additional layer with adjustable thickness was incorporated into the actual model to precisely simulate solar radiation absorption, convective heat transfer, and net thermal radiation at the actual boundary interfaces. The parametric analysis demonstrates that a 3-mm-thick additional layer achieves optimal geotextile curing simulation, while thicknesses of 7 mm and 3 mm are required for plastic film curing and natural curing, respectively. Based on the HTC model, this study also investigates the effects of three methods used at the construction site on the early-age multi-physics fields of the base plate. The results revealed that: when geotextile covering and sprinkling water was implemented, the cement hydration reaction rate reaches its peak approximately 14 h after casting, coinciding with the highest temperature gradient along the vertical direction and the most significant relative humidity (RH) reduction rate in the base plate. The moisture diffusion depth of the base plate covered with geotextile and watered for 14 days is only 65 % of the base plate depth. To minimize shrinkage deformations, extending the water curing period is recommended. Additionally, the hydration rate of the base plate covered with plastic film is higher than those of the other two curing methods, resulting in greater temperature and humidity gradients, therefore, the construction process involving plastic film covering is not recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2025 11:06:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2602333</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of a Chemical Kinetic Modeling Approach within a Fully
                    Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Battery Cells during Thermal
                    Runaway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2571660</link>
      <description><![CDATA[
                
                The objective of the current study is to systematically evaluate the battery
                    thermal runaway heat release rate through chemical kinetics and then study its
                    effect on battery module and pack level. For this purpose, a chemistry solver
                    has been developed, capable of simultaneously solving the thermal runaway
                    kinetics in multiple battery cells with the cell-specific chemistry model and
                    battery active material compositions. This developed solid body chemistry (SBC)
                    solver assumes a homogeneous system in the specified geometrical selection. A 3D
                    representation can be achieved by setting up multiple solver selections in one
                    solid domain (battery cell) as the SBC solver is capable of handling multiple
                    selections, chemistry models, and battery active material compositions. Further,
                    the SBC solver is fully integrated in a commercial three-dimensional
                    computational fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) code. Thus, enabling to simulate the
                    real-life thermal runaway applications covering the battery module and battery
                    pack including relevant physicochemical processes involved. In addition to the
                    direct solution of the chemical kinetics, an alternative approach is proposed
                    for pack-level thermal runaway simulations where kinetically extracted heat
                    release rate is used. As demonstrated in the results and discussion, the SBC
                    solver is able to accurately reproduce the initiation and propagation of thermal
                    runaway on a cell level and provides significant insights when coupled with a
                    3D-CFD solver on a module- and pack-level simulations and thus understanding the
                    real-life hazard scenarios in the battery safety management.
            ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2025 15:00:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2571660</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Energy Efficient Design Solution for the Interface Node Between the Floor Slab and the Wall</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407840</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The most of the housing stock in the Russian Federation is located in difficult climatic conditions. In such a situation, an important place is occupied by issues related to the energy efficiency of the enclosing structures of residential buildings. In Russia, in the field of civil engineering, a significant proportion of buildings erected using monolithic technology do not meet modern thermal protection requirements. Improving the energy efficiency of such buildings at the design and modernization stages is an important scientific and practical task. The article proposes innovative design solutions aimed at increasing the thermal protection of the building envelopes and the parameters of the microclimate of the premises, which are various options for the joints of the floor disc with the wall. The proposed solutions can be used in the renovation of existing buildings, as well as in the design and construction of new monolithic residential buildings. The issues of heat transfer processes in the junction of the floor disc with the wall are considered. For the studied fragments of the enclosing structures, mathematical models are built based on the heat conduction equation. The results of computational experiments in the ANSYS software package are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2025 10:32:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407840</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ice mitigation in railway turnouts using a conductive heater: An experimental study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559836</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the performance of a conductive heating system for ice mitigation in railway turnouts. A lab-based experimental setup is designed to replicate real-world railway switch (turnout) sections, incorporating a conductive electrical heater clamped to stock rails and a ballast-soil layer beneath. The performance of the railway turnouts’ conductive heaters under cold environment conditions and the resultant heat distribution along the rail surface are evaluated. Thermocouple heat sensors and an infrared (IR) camera are used to measure the rail surface temperature distribution. The IR camera results are validated using thermal data collected from the thermocouples, and the results show that the IR camera can efficiently monitor the rail surface temperature remotely in winter climates and can help reduce the maintenance demands associated with thermocouple operation in the field. Significant performance deterioration of the rail heaters is observed under wet, cold climate conditions. Heater energy efficiency analyses suggest implementing automatic temperature controllers to maintain rail temperatures above freezing and adjusting optimal target rail surface temperatures for anti-icing based on local environmental conditions. Heat loss from the rail foot to the ballast and surroundings is identified as another challenge. Finally, the study highlights the need for further research on rail/heater clamp design, materials, and advanced insulation techniques to enhance the efficiency and reliability of rail heating systems and avoid heat loss to the ballast and surroundings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2025 10:00:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559836</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Crucial heat damage analysis and optimization of a mid-sized pickup truck based on a deep Gaussian process model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548878</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Heat damage in automobiles is concentrated in the engine compartment, where the radiator is key to cooling performance. The relative positions of the intercooler, condenser, and oil cooler also influence this performance. This study optimizes the positions of these cooling components in a mid-sized pickup truck to address heat damage. Vehicle tests first identified extreme working conditions leading to heat damage. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations then analyzed heat damage locations and assessed the impact of component positions. A near-orthogonal Latin hypercube method selected layout schemes, and a Chebyshev transformation improved their spatial distribution. Parametric modeling and CFD simulations of the thermal field were conducted. Based on simulation results, a multi-objective two-layer deep Gaussian process model predicted heat source temperatures. The positions of cooling components were optimized using a genetic algorithm with heat-sensitive locations as the objectives. The results showed temperature reductions at all four critical positions, with the urea injection pipe temperature decreasing by 10.2°C. This approach effectively mitigates heat damage in the engine compartment and can be applied to optimize cooling component layouts in pickup trucks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2025 11:59:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548878</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparation and performance of conductive tack coat on asphalt pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2515834</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose is to solve the problems of inadequate snow melting uniformity, difficult construction, and large heat storage in existing energy conversion pavements for deicing and snow melting. The conductive layers of different adhesive materials were prepared with emulsified asphalt modified by waterborne epoxy resin (MEAWER) and modified waterborne epoxy resin (MWER) as matrix. According to the surface resistivity and temperature change, the conductivities and heat conduction effects of the two types of conductive adhesive layers were compared and evaluated, respectively, and the road performance is determined based on multiple conditions. The results showed that when the amount of carbon fiber was 120 g/m², compared to MEAWER, the surface resistivity of MWER was 18.7% lower, the surface temperature was 3.6 ℃ higher, and the bonding strength was 46.1% higher. The thermogenesis and heat dissipation efficiency of MWER could reach 6.9 and 2.76 ℃/h at −5 ℃, respectively. Moreover, its minimum shear and drawing strengths exceeded 1.3 and 0.5 MPa, respectively. Based on the temperature change and road performance of the conductive adhesive layer, it was recommended that 120 and 100 g/m² of carbon fiber be distributed in the MEAWER and MWER conductive tack coats, respectively.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2025 09:03:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2515834</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Technologies for Applying Current-Heat-Conducting Copper Coatings on Corundum Substrates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407768</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper is devoted to the development of technological processes for the deposition of copper current-heat-conducting coatings on corundum substrates made of ceramics of the VK-100 type using Almatis 1200 alumina modified with the addition of MgO. A number of technological modes of applying current-heat-conducting coatings on corundum substrates are described, including the technology of coating by the method of molybdenum-manganese metallization and brazing; technology for joining copper foil with ceramics by thermomechanical loading on an activated metallized substrate; technology of direct connection of copper foil with corundum substrate (DBC - technology). It has been shown that high peel strength of a metallization layer based on Mo-Mn paste with corundum ceramics is achieved by using the technology of applying metallization in two layers, at that the first layer additionally contains titanium hydride, and the second layer additionally contains silicon and molybdenum oxide. Copper coating by thermomechanical loading on an activated metallized corundum substrate includes the following operations: applying an adhesive layer based on molybdenum and manganese and a layer of powdered copper on top and bottom of the ceramic substrate, applied by cold gas-dynamic spraying, followed by heat treatment. Reliable adhesion of copper foil to corundum ceramics using the DBC technology is due to the interaction of copper oxide with corundum with the formation of spinel in two forms CuAl2O4 and CuAlO2.The developed technological modes provide products with high performance properties in terms of adhesion reliability, electrical and thermal characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 09:36:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407768</guid>
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