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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>FIRE-PROTECTION STUDY OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42270</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study was conducted on the problems associated with fires aboard high-performance ships.  Basic ship layouts and descriptions were reviewed along with the present firefighting systems.  Potential fire problems relating to construction materials, high fuel and payload capacities, gas turbines, and new habitability materials are discussed. Based on the study, it was determined that the state-of-the- art in fire detection and passive fire protection does not offer complete solutions to the fire threat.  Present firefighting systems are considered inadequate to combat large fires or fires caused by hostile attack.  No backup systems are provided if the existing Halon 1301 system fails to extinguish fires in the machinery spaces.  Water is not readily available to combat class A fires throughout the ships.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42270</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HIGH-RISE HALON</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/65141</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Possibility of using Halon 1301 as a fire extinguishant is discussed.  The concept involved a central supply of Halon, together with a pipe header which could release the gas selectively to the fire floor. The article reports a successful test.  It is written to review the potential for Halon 1301 as an economical and flexible agent for fire suppression in buildings which use compartmented air handling systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 May 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/65141</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE UNITED STATES 1987-1994</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/460050</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Energy Information Administration (EIA) is required by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to prepare a report on aggregate U.S. national emissions of greenhouse gases for the period 1987-1992, with annual updates thereafter.  This is the third annual update report, covering national emissions over the period 1987-1993, with preliminary estimates of U.S. carbon dioxide and halocarbon emissions for 1994.  Chapter 1 of this report briefly recapitulates some background information about global climate change and the greenhouse effect and discusses important recent developments in global climate change activities.  Chapters 2 through 6 cover emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and criteria pollutants, respectively.  Chapter 7 describes potential sequestration and emissions of greenhouse gases as a result of land use changes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jul 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/460050</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PERFECTLY UNFRIENDLY: HALON REPLACEMENT.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/548602</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/548602</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ALTERNATIVE TRAINING AGENTS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/544509</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/544509</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPROVEMENT OF SANDS AND GRAVELS FOR USE WITH ASPHALT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/108379</link>
      <description><![CDATA[VARIOUS COMMERCIAL SURFACTANTS WERE EVALUATED AS AIDS IN THE BONDING OF ASPHALT TO MISSISSIPPI QUARTZOSE GRAVELS. PRESUMABLY SURFACTANTS SHOULD PRESENT A POLAR END OF THE MOLECULE TO THE MINERAL SURFACE OR TO THE WATER LAYER ON THE MINERAL, AND A NONPOLAR END SHOULD BE ORIENTED OUTWARD TO PERMIT BONDING WITH THE ASPHALT. AN AIR BUBBLE TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF POSSIBLE SURFACTANTS. THE CONTACT ANGLE (THETA ANGLE) WAS TO BE MEASURED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT IT THEORETICALLY REFLECTED THE SURFACE ENERGIES INVOLVED AND COULD BE USED AS A GUIDE. THE HYSTERESIS EFFECTS MADE THE AIR BUBBLE TECHNIQUE OF DOUBTFUL USE. A SESSILE WATER DROP METHOD WAS DEVELOPED, AND IT APPEARS TO PROVIDE A TECHNIQUE FOR RAPID QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF SURFACTANTS. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE VARIOUS TYPES OF QUARTZ BEHAVE SIMILARLY WHEN TREATED WITH A SURFACTANT. THUS, IT IS POSSIBLE TO STUDY THE SURFACTANT EFFECTS USING A STANDARD PIECE OF QUARTZ. SEVERAL AMINES WERE INVESTIGATED, BUT THEORY SHOWS THAT THESE COMPOUNDS WILL DETERIORATE WITH TIME UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS AND WILL NOT SOLVE THE ASPHALT BONDING PROBLEM. HOWEVER, THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS POINT TO FLUOROCARBONS AS POSSIBLE SURFACTANTS. IN THIS INVESTIGATION THEY WERE GIVEN ONLY PRELIMINARY STUDY AND EVALUATION. ASPHALT BONDING AND ASPHALT STRIPPING ARE TWO DISTINCT PROBLEMS. BOTH PROCESSES SHOULD BE STUDIED FROM A THEORETICAL POINT OF VIEW. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 13 Feb 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/108379</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE SCORE ON WEATHERABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/106585</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AN EXAMINATION OF OUTDOOR INSTALLATIONS OF PLASTICS THAT HAVE BEEN EXPOSED FOR SOME LENGTH OF TIME LEADS TO THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS: (1) SOME PLASTICS HAVE INHERENT WEATHERABILITY AND HAVE EXHIBITED NO SIGNIFICANT DEGRADATION OVER LONG PERIODS OF TIME, AND (2) MANY OF THOSE WHOSE WEATHERABILITY IS INADEQUATE CAN BE MODIFIED TO IMPROVE THAT PROPERTY SUFFICIENTLY TO MAKE IT ACCEPTABLE BY USING LIGHT SCREENS, UV LIGHT ABSORBERS AND STABILIZERS TO PROTECT PLASTICS FROM THE HARMFUL RAYS OF THE SUN, AND ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS THAT SERVE TO ARREST THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF OXYGEN. CARBON BLACK IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE AND ECONOMICAL SCREEN. HOWEVER, IT ABSORBS LIGHT ACROSS THE WHOLE SPECTRUM AND TENDS TO CONVERT THE SOLAR ENERGY IT ABSORBS INTO HEAT, ACCELERATING DEGRADATION BY THERMAL OXIDATION. THIS PROCESS CAN BE ARRESTED BY INCORPORATION OF THE APPROPRIATE ANTIOXIDANT INTO THE COMPOUND. THE LONGEVITY OF PLASTICS OUT -OF-DOORS THUS DEPENDS ON JUST THE RIGHT COMBINATION OF UV LIGHT ABSORBERS AND ANTIOXIDANTS. THE EXPERIENCE OF THE BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM WITH POLYETHYLENE, POLYVINYLCHLORIDE IS REVIEWED. EXPERIENCES OF OTHER OUTDOOR USERS WITH THESE COMPOUNDS AND POLYVINYL FLUORIDE, BUTYRATES, EPOXIES AND FLUOROCARBON RESINS ARE ALSO REVIEWED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 16 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/106585</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENTS OF TOXIC EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM GASOLINE-POWERED LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/344892</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Exhaust emission rates of selected toxic substances were determined for two gasoline-powered passenger cars.  These substances, which have appeared on California Air Resources Board Toxic Air contaminant list or have been candidates for the lists, include volatile and semi-volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, phenols, nitrobenzene, dialkylnitrosamines, and a number of other unregulated emissions.  Regulated gaseous emissions and fuel economy were also measured.  A literature search was performed to determine if any of these compounds had previously been measured in the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles and if appropriate analytical procedures were available.  When unavailable, procedures were developed for sampling and analyzing the unregulated toxic emissions compounds.  The two vehicles were then tested to determine the emission rates of the targeted compounds.  In the tests, a 1987 Ford Taurus equipped with a 3-way plus oxidation catalyst and a 1986 Toyota Camry equipped with a 3-way catalyst only were operated over the Federal Test Procedure, the Highway Fuel Economy Test and the New York City Cycle. The test fuel was a regular unleaded gasoline without ethanol or methanol, and was obtained from California.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/344892</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMOTIVE FUEL PERMEATION RESISTANCE -- A COMPARISON OF ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/147063</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Data are presented that compare the permeation resistance of current elastomeric fuel hose construction materials to those based on fluorocarbon elastomers and fluorocarbon elastomer/hydrocarbon elastomer blends.  The permeation resistance of a fluorocarbon elastomer hose compound is superior to all current hydrocarbon elastomer materials tested.  Permeation rates, in some cases, are more than one hundred times better than present materials.  In addition, fluorocarbon elastomers have excellent resistance to degradation from heat, ozone and the high aromatic content in current fuels.  No other class of elastomers possesses this unique balance of properties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/147063</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANNUAL REPORT OF LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LABORATORY TO THE HIGH ALTITUDE POLLUTION PROGRAM - 1977</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/75437</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's one-dimensional chemical kinetics-transport model was extended to include full diurnal averaging and used to re-examine the effects of NO sub x injections and other perturbations on ozone. The model was also used to test the sensitivity of species concentrations to atmospheric multiple scattering and to changes in stratospheric water vapor. Radiative transfer calculations were made to study the effect of receiver orientation on erythemal dose. A description of the processing, archiving, and analysis of the Block 5-D satellite multifilter radiometer sensor data on total ozone is given. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/75437</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PORTABLE EXTINGUISHER EVALUATION FOR COAST GUARD CUTTERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/87969</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This test series evaluated existing extinguishers for use against incipient Class B fires occurring in machinery spaces aboard Coast Guard cutters.  The tests were conducted on a full-scale machinery space mockup constructed inside a cargo hold on the SS MAYO LYKES at the U.S.  Coast Guard Fire and Safety Test Detachment in Mobile, Alabama.  The testing compared three dry chemical and two gaseous extinguishing agents on bilge fires, running fuel fires, and spray fires.  Test results showed: (1) dry chemical portable extinguishers have a greater extinguishing capacity than gaseous agents on machinery space fires, (2) application technique is more important than dry chemical agent selection when considering fire-fighting effectiveness, (3) Halon 1211 will effectively extinguish machinery space fires but does not have the extinguishing capacity of the dry chemicals, and (4) carbon dioxide portable extinguishers are ineffective against machinery space fires of the size tested.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Aug 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/87969</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A CATALOG OF PERTURBING INFLUENCES ON STRATOSPHERIC OZONE, 1955-1975</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/82739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stratospheric ozone depends on the stratospheric concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of hydrogen (HOx), chlorine and bromine compounds (ClX and BrX), as well as on the flux of solar ultraviolet radiation, the stratospheric temperature, and the parameters of stratospheric dynamics. There exist worldwide data on the total burden of atmospheric ozone since about 1955, and for comparison of these data with calculations using two-dimensional radiative/chemical/dynamics computer codes, a list is needed and is here presented of all major time-varying perturbations that have been suggested over the time frame 1955-1975. Detailed consideration is given to the following: atmospheric nuclear explosions, galactic cosmic rays, solar proton events, relativistic (or energetic) electron precipitation, major volcanic eruptions, halocarbons (fluoro-, chloro-, and bromocarbons), fertilizer manufacture, and other industrial nitrogen fixation. For sources injected directly into the stratosphere, the time-, altitude-, and latitude-dependent source strengths are listed, while for the ground-based sources the time- and latitude-dependent production and atmospheric emission rates are given. Time variations of solar UV (which represent perhaps the most important single perturbation) and of stratospheric temperature, and possible variations in stratospheric dynamics are also discussed. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 May 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/82739</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HALON 1301 FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/85117</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since their introduction some five years ago, Halon 1301 systems have become established as a safer alternative to C02 systems.  Although Halon is basically similar to carbon dioxide in its application and storage, its extinguishing action is different being due to a chemical interruption of the process that produces combustion.  IMCO has drawn up guide lines designed to cover the minimum requirements for the different types of system available.  The quantity of Halon 1301 is calculated to provide a minimum concentration of 4.12% by volume based on the gross volume of the space protected.  The maximum concentration should not exceed 7% by volume of the net volume so as to ensure that in the event of accidental discharge, personnel would not be exposed to possibly unsafe levels.  Discussing discharge systems, reference is made to the Central Bank System of which the Kerr Type 9105 is a typical example.  The Halon is stored in high-pressure steel cylinders to BS 5045 superpressurised with nitrogen to 43 bar.  Each cylinder is fitted with a pneumatically-operated discharge valve connected by a flexible high-pressure hose assembly through a stub pipe to a high-pressure manifold.  The cylinders can be released simultaneously from a master control box and from a box in the storage room.  Small module systems have been developed for the protection of such spaces as lamp and paint rooms.  Order from BSRA as No. 49,536.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/85117</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HANDBOOK OF AIR POLLUTION ANALYSIS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/73649</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book is intended to provide a comprehensive working knowledge of the theory and practice of air pollution analysis.  An attempt has been made both to review recently reported developments in air pollution analysis and to present detailed descriptions of established analytical procedures which have been used in the evaluation of air pollution problems of various types. Chapters are included under the following headings: (1) general sampling techniques, (2) analysis of particulate pollutants, (3) metal analysis, (4) nitrogen and sulphur compounds, (5) secondary pollutants, (6) hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, (7) halogen containing compounds, (8) remote monitoring techniques, and (9) planning and execution of an air pollution study.  /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Sep 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/73649</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIRE FIGHTING - FIRE PROTECTION/A DUAL TASK ON TUGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/58417</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper gives an up-to-date survey of fire fighting and fire protection equipment and systems for small vessels. The two basic extinguishing media, water and foam are discussed.  Liquid tanks and proportioning systems are described, as well as monitors.  Considerable attention is given to the use of "halon 1301", and its chemistry and application are dealt with.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/58417</guid>
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