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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Numerical simulation of a small craft chasing large ship in calm water</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633986</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hydrodynamic interference between surface vessels is a critical issue in ocean engineering, particularly for small craft operating near larger ships. This study numerically investigates interactions between a displacement ship (DTMB 5512) and a chasing planing craft (Series 62 4667-1) under different paths and speeds. Simulations are performed with an in-house viscous Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) solver, incorporating a dynamic overset grid and a six degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) motion module. The method is verified through grid and time-step convergence studies and validated against experimental data. The analysis examines the resistance, lateral force, yaw moment, and 3-DOF motions (heave, roll, and pitch) of the small craft, together with the influence of the DTMB 5512 wake field. Results show that stern waves and the transverse–divergent wave superposition zone of the large ship induce pronounced oscillations in the chasing craft. Along the wake centerline, the flow field remains symmetric, resulting in negligible lateral loading on the small craft. Deviations from this centerline, however, induce asymmetric wave interactions that significantly amplify lateral force, yaw moment, and roll. Higher speeds of the large ship further intensify these interactions and extend their downstream influence. The findings indicate that reducing vessel speed improves safety during close-proximity operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 09:16:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633986</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Container Ships – Triple-E</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1357344</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The development of container ships can be viewed in chronological order with regard to the constructional features of a specific generation of ships. The paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of Triple E ships which leads to the conclusion that the increase in the transport capacity does not necessarily entail an increase in the operating costs of such a ship, in particular the cost of its launching as one of the most relevant ones. Throughout history the increasing technological development of the size and capacity of container transport ships was closely connected to the increase in the power output of the motors, the increase in the size of the propellers, as well as the increase in fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The latest technological step forward concerning the increase in container transport capacity of the ships has created a completely new direction in the container transport business. This new direction is reflected through the increase in capacity, size and effectiveness of a ship, while decreasing the negative effects such as the increase of transportation costs and the environmental impact.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2015 13:43:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1357344</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proposal of Ultra Large Block Coefficient Ship and Fundamental Studies on its Bow Wave Breaking</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1325391</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to the increase of maritime transportation volume day by day it is necessary to design a ship hull having large carrying capacity with low resistance. For this purpose, the authors propose innovative concepts of Ultra Large Block coefficient Ship (ULBS). In this paper, its concepts and study plans are shown, and its bow wave breaking phenomena are investigated as one of the fundamental studies on ULBS hull form. As experimental studies, wave breaking surface areas caused by ULBS models are measured. As theoretical ones, wave making resistance coefficients and distributions of free surface elevation are evaluated by means of Rankine source method, and distributions of free surface disturbance function D(x,y) are evaluated by means of Baba's low speed theory. Various parameters related to the wave breaking phenomena are investigated in comparisons between experimental and theoretical results. Under these investigations, it can be concluded that theoretical results based on wave making resistance coefficients, surface integrals of the square of free surface elevation and surface integrals of the square of free surface disturbance function have strong elations to wave breaking surface areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2014 14:09:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1325391</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Digging deeper</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1147327</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As states are seeking to spend billions of dollars to build bigger ports that will accommodate huge ships that will soon be making their way through the Panama Canal, this article seeks to answer the question of whether or not they can move quickly enough to be ready in time? Details as to what will be required in order to be prepared, with examples of what the Maryland Port of Baltimore, the Florida Port of Jacksonville and the South Carolina Port of Charleston are doing, are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 2012 08:59:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1147327</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY ON THE UNUSUAL MANOEUVRING CHARACTERISTICS OF FULL-BODIED SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168522</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Captive model tests were carried out aiming to investigate the stern flow field of full-bodied ships and in addition to the effect of propeller or rudder on the manoeuvring characteristics.  Order from NSFI as No. 22136.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168522</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY ON THE UNUSUAL MANOEUVRING CHARACTERISTICS OF FULL SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/158198</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/158198</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE BRAKING OF LARGE SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/158200</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/158200</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MANEUVERABILITY OF FULL BODIED SHIPS IN RESTRICTED WATERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159131</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159131</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE SQUAT OF FULL SHIPS IN SHALLOW WATER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/158119</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The problem of sinkage and trim while underway in shallow water (squat) is discussed and its accurate assessment for the large ships of today is shown to be important. Some results of experiments to measure the squat of full-form ship models are presented and discussed and a semi-empirical theory is developed which predicts model results with reasonable accuracy.  Full-scale measurements of squat have been obtained on a number of ships. The method by which this has been accomplished is described and some results are presented. These in turn are compared with model andd theoretical predictions and the measure of agreement obtained is encouraging bearing in mind the overall accuracy of the measurements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/158119</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NONLINEAR PROPERTIES OF WAVE MAKING RESISTANCE OF WIDE BEAM SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153708</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Non-linear properties of wave making resistance of wide-beam ships are studied with the sound examination of their physical phenomena to show the working limit of "linear" and "low speed" wave making resistance theories.  Vast experiments on series models of wide beam ships are undertaken including wave pattern analyses, flow field analyses and momentum loss measurements.  Calculations of wave resistance, wave profiles and disturbance velocity distributions are carried out.  From the examination of these analyses following three conclusions are obtained.  1) Effect of beam and draft upon wave making resistance of wide beam ships does not subject to the law derived from any present wave resistance theories.  It is mainly attributed to the existence of non-dispersive waves tentatively called "free surface shock wave".  2) Free surface shock waves contribute to wave making resistance as a significant portion of momentum loss measured behind the ships.  3) The low speed theory developed by Baba is not always effective for hull form design.  Its application should be limited within certain dimensions of hulls even in low Froude number region.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153708</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE QUESTION OF SCALE EFFECTS ON FULL FORM SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/145332</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increasing fullness of form in modern tankers has led to some uncertainty in the application of model test information to full-scale, particularly in the solution of boundary layer problems at the afterbody.  In order to improve this situation, geosim testing was carried out at VWS on three ship models of scale lambdu = 55, 42 and 33 1/3 as well as one with lambdu = 11.2.  All of these models were derived from a ship form of C sub B - 0.85 previously investigated at the HSVA.  In this paper , which summarizes the results published in FDS Report No. 74/77.  The effect of scale on viscous resistance, flow separation and consequently on wake, propeller lading etc. is briefly discussed.  Order from: BSRA as No. 51,358.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Nov 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/145332</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF STERN PROFILE ON COURSE STABILITY OF FULL-BODIED SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/80862</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A statistical study was made on the effect of stern profile configurations on course stability of full-bodied ships, both in full and model scale.  As a result, a formula was derived which describes this effect fairly well; it can be used for predicting course stability of ships, and is also useful in designing stern profile configurations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/80862</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF FINITE DRAUGHT OF A FLAT-BOTTOMED SHIP AND A FULL-BODIED SHIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/79556</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Numerical computations are carried out for different length: draught ratios for the two kinds of ships-flat-bottomed and full-bodied.  The graphs show that for the flat-bottomed ship the wave resistance is greater as expected.  One numerical table and the graphs also reveal some interesting features of the differences in wave resistance co-efficient for the two types of ships.  These features are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Oct 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/79556</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ACTING UPON FULL-BODIED SHIPS WITH RELATION TO THEIR COURSE STABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/74485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Model experiments are useful for predicting course stability, but some models of full-bodied ships, such as large tankers, have unusually good course-stability which may or may not correspond to full-scale behaviour.  A further difficulty is that models often display a "fickle" course-behaviour.  The Authors discuss this phenomenon of unusually-good course stability in the model, and describe a study of its possible causes.  The hydrodynamic forces involved were measured for two typical 4.5-m models, one unstable and the other unusually stable, with the same main dimensions.  The hydrodynamic derivatives obtained from these measured forces are compatible with the course stability observed in freesailing model tests; there are differences between the derivatives of the two models, and they may be due to differences between the respective after frame-lines and stern profiles.  A difference is also observed in respect of after-body force, but not of rudder force.  Propeller rpm has a significant effect on the hydrodynamic forces at the after-body, and seems to have an important role in the phenomenon of unususal course-stability.  Order from: BSRA as No. 48,566.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 27 Aug 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/74485</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE UNUSUAL PHENOMENA IN MANOEUVRING MOTIONS OF A FULL-FORM SHIP MODEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/54206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In view of the variation in type of flow at the stern of self-propelled models of certain high block coefficient ships, the Authors examine some unusual phenomena in the manoeuvring motions as well as in turning of a full-form tanker model.  Since the flow of the model tested was characterised by a high wake fraction, several kinds of stern fins were added to simulate other types of flow.  From the experiments it was concluded that unusual phenomena occurring during manoeuvring motions are closely related to the type of flow at the stern of the model.  The different types of stern flow encountered are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Sep 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/54206</guid>
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