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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Project 099 Conceptual Analysis of Cryogenic Hydrogen Distribution to Airports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2730690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The goal of this project is to add corresponding cryogenic hydrogen infrastructure analysis to a previous study conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), NREL's study investigated hydrogen implementation at the Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, and Los Angeles airports, primarily focusing on gaseous hydrogen delivery and conducting technoeconomic, emissions, safety, and job analysis. NREL, Washington State University (WSU), and the FAA agreed to this ASCENT project to complement the previous study be evaluating cryogenic hydrogen implementation. As part of this project, contributions were made to the State of the Technology Analysis by reviewing conceptual delivery pathways for liquid hydrogen delivery to airports. Analysis also considered the current, 5-year realistically achievable efficiencies, and limiting efficiencies of liquid hydrogen technologies used in delivery. Delivery scenarios with associated assumptions were developed and modeled for technoeconomic analysis adding to the previous NREL report. The effects of liquid hydrogen storage were evaluated exploring the sensitivity of the levelized cost of hydrogen to boil-off losses and capital costs. Numerical modeling was used to predict boil-off losses and refill frequency for airport hydrogen storage facilities with 6, 12, and 24 metric tonne per day throughput capacity. Infrastructure spatial estimates were made based on the modeling. Interviews were conducted with three industry collaborators to evaluate specific technological advancements needed to utilize liquid hydrogen at airports.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 09:06:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2730690</guid>
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      <title>Towards Zero Emission Mobility in Ireland: Life Cycle Assessment of Moving Green Hydrogen</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581582</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Ireland, transportation accounts for 36% of total energy consumption, mainly due to private cars and heavy goods vehicles, responsible for 70% of transportation sector carbon emissions. Despite some progress in new car carbon intensity, petrol and diesel vehicles remain dominant. Hydrogen (H₂) is a non-toxic, highly combustible gas, holds significant potential, especially for heavy-duty vehicles, as a mean to reduce carbon emissions. However, realising this transition requires targeted policies and infrastructure development. A crucial tool for evaluating hydrogen-based transportation is a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA). This assesses the full process, from production, transport and use, to disposal, providing insights into environmental impact, including carbon footprint, energy consumption, air pollution, material use and vehicle efficiency. By assessing different hydrogen sources like green and blue hydrogen, the LCA informs decision-makers and aids in developing sustainable transportation strategies. This work highlights the importance of the method to transporting the hydrogen fuel. Fuelling stations show a substantial carbon footprint (1.75 kg CO₂ eq./kg H₂), while hydrogen transportation through pipelines has minimal emissions (0.0000235 kg CO₂ eq./kg H₂) compared to moving it in compress cylinders by diesel truck. This underscores the need for careful planning to minimise environmental impacts when deploying hydrogen in transportation systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2026 16:39:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581582</guid>
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      <title>Assessment of Heavy-Duty Fueling Methods and Components: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685480</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Chevron, National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and NextEnergy partnered in the development of a comprehensive assessment of heavy-duty (HD) fuel cell electric vehicle fueling protocols. The project leveraged and built upon existing international heavy-duty (HD) fueling protocols and fueling component development activities to deliver component performance assessments, modeling tools and methods evaluations, techno-economic assessments of industry-selected protocol structures and experimental validations of the strategies performed at NLR's HD hydrogen fueling station.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 16:59:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685480</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Is hydrogen suitable for powering railway vehicles in the Czech Republic?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665982</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this article is to introduce the issue of suitability of hydrogen powering railway vehicles in the Czech Republic in greater detail. The hydrogen consumption, hydrogen powered railway vehicle range as well as purity of hydrogen, infrastructure of the hydrogen production and economic aspects are discussed in the paper. Finally, it seems that hydrogen powered vehicles are not suitable for operation in the Czech Republic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665982</guid>
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      <title>National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD): Alternative Fuel Corridors 2021-Present [dataset]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620563</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Alternative Fuel Corridors 2021-Present dataset is from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)/Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). The dataset is a highway layer of corridors, primarily along the National Highway System (NHS), that are designated as Corridor Ready or Corridor Pending. It includes designations of five types of alternative fuels, Electric Vehicle Charging (EV), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Propane (LPG), and Hydrogen. Corridor-ready segments currently contain a sufficient number of fueling facilities to allow for corridor travel with the designated alternative fuel, and to qualify for highway signage. Corridors that do not have sufficient alternative fuel facilities to support alternative fuel vehicle travel are designated as corridor pending.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2025 10:22:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620563</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization of fuel transportation using a multi-product pipeline with intermediate pumping stations: gasoline, diesel, and Jet A-1</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592848</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents a numerical investigation to optimize a multi-product pipeline involving five fuel storage facilities: one departure terminal and four receiving facilities, over a weekly planning horizon. It considers the phenomenon of contamination due to product mixing at the contact zone. The pipeline transports gasoline, diesel, and Jet A-1 to meet market demand during the planning period. An objective function is formulated for multi-product pipeline fuel transportation under given constraints, and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming with the CPLEX solver is employed as the simulation tool. The optimized sequences derived reduce contamination, maintain sufficient fuel stock levels, ensure the timely delivery of required quantities, and minimize operational costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 16:40:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592848</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Winds, Waters, and Watts: How Colombia’s Ports Can Fuel a Green Hydrogen Economy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594029</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report assesses and highlights Colombia’s opportunity to become an important global supplier of green hydrogen-based fuels for shipping and other sectors. The analysis evaluated Colombia’s emerging green hydrogen economy from a maritime transport perspective. With shipping and ports at the center, the analysis explored the potential for producing, storing, supplying, and exporting green hydrogen-based fuels in the ports of Colombia, thereby highlighting its efforts at sustainability. The report presents the following five key findings: (1) The decarbonization of maritime transport will depend on green hydrogen-based fuels, and the global green hydrogen economy will depend on maritime transport. (2) Based on a two-stage analysis, seven key investment opportunities for lighthouse green H₂ projects were identified along the Caribbean Coast of Colombia. (3) The largest business opportunities for commercializing green hydrogen-based fuels from these potential projects are primarily in exports, followed by bunkering demand. (4) The financial viability of the priority projects remains highly dependent on the future market prices for green hydrogen-based fuels, which, in turn, are determined by international policy decisions. (5) Following recommendations from the lighthouse roadmap, the public and private sectors alike can maximize the contribution of Colombian ports to form a national green hydrogen economy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 17:05:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594029</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Renewable Hydrogen to Vehicle (RH2V) – Operation Verification and Risk Mitigation Studies: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number: CRD-15-00577</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2589132</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Toyota has announced plans for commercial fuel cell vehicle deployment in 2015. To fully realize the benefits of fuel cell vehicles (zero emission with no performance loss in terms of vehicle range and capability), hydrogen produced efficiently from renewable sources is necessary. Most of the hydrogen fueling stations today utilize hydrogen reformed from natural gas (produced onsite or delivered). This enables more stations to be deployed cost-effectively within a network. Producing and using cost-effective renewable hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles will enable realization of the full potential. A viable option of green hydrogen that reliably delivers on the full suite of benefits for Toyota fuel cell vehicle drivers is needed. The National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) is in a unique position to analyze and optimize renewable hydrogen production scenarios using the Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF), a facility that is specifically designed to evaluate renewable energy integration technologies. This final report related to hydrogen station design includes a summary of research results, description of tasks, modifications, and outputs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:53:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2589132</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>New PIANC Guidelines for Design of Marine Terminals for Clean Alternative Fuels and Cargoes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Global energy developers are in the midst of harnessing an unprecedented opportunity to decarbonize. This shift is largely in response to growing market and regulatory demands stemming from heightened climate change awareness. Hydrogen, methanol, ammonia, liquefied CO₂ (LCO2), and other “clean alternative fuels” projects are being developed worldwide, and many of these projects require marine transportation for regional and global distribution. Ports will play a key role in the transfer, storage, and distribution of clean fuels and LCO2, as enablers of the green transition. Yet, there are profound gaps in existing industry guidance in this field. Recognizing the unique challenges of such issues as ammonia toxicity due to leaks and LCO2 phase shifting creating dry ice, PIANC Working Group 153C is tackling this issue head-on. When published in 2025, PIANC Report 153C will become the definitive global guidance document for all liquid and gas marine terminals, regardless of the origin of the product being transferred.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2025 11:58:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559381</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Control of DC–DC Boost Converter Based on Optimal Gas Supply Characteristics of Fuel Cell System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511772</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The potential electrochemical and thermodynamic processes of fuel cell (FC) systems lead to a slow response, which is often combined with direct current–direct current (dc–dc) boost converters (DBCs) to ensure the stability of the output voltage when the load changes. This article aims to coordinate the dynamic characteristics between the FC system and DBC, a DBC control considering the optimal gas response characteristics of the FC system is proposed. The variable load experiment of the FC and DBC system is carried out to verify the validity of the gas-electric coupling model, and the dynamic process of the stack voltage is obtained under different loads and operating parameters by the model. The voltage undershoots and net power are analyzed to determine the optimal operating parameters under different step currents. Combined with the presupply gas scheme, the optimal response law of the FC system is feedforward to the DBC control. Under the same power demand, the proposed strategy’s voltage undershoots, and power slope are reduced and improved by 3.4% and 15.3% compared with ignoring the gas response and not considering the gas presupply pattern. A hardware-in-loop (HIL) experiment is conducted to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed strategy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Apr 2025 12:12:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511772</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ongoing Monitoring of Liquid Fuel Quality at Storage Facilities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487342</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The newly developed method employs spectral analysis to evaluate fuel quality continuously. Unlike traditional approaches, it eliminates the need for sampling and laboratory analysis, provides real-time results, facilitates rapid decision-making regarding fuel quality, and enhances operational efficiency. A comparative analysis of the new method with laboratory tests carried out following ISO standards demonstrated its effectiveness in the assessment of liquid fuels containing biocomponents. The determined age in sample ageing index is highly correlated with the oxidative stability of the Diesel oil and resin content for Pb95 and Pb98. Statistically, significant transformation functions were developed. The results confirm the ability of the method to rapidly identify substandard fuels, thereby accelerating their withdrawal from the market. The implementation of this spectral analysis-based method represents a significant advance in fuel quality assessment. Its continuous monitoring capability and real-time reporting distinguish it from conventional approaches, thereby offering practical benefits for fuel management. Ensuring timely interventions to maintain quality standards are supported by enabling the prompt detection of degraded fuels. The applicability of this method to state fuel reserves and petrol stations underlines its usefulness in improving fuel quality control measures. Overall, its introduction offers both economic and environmental benefits to the transportation sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jan 2025 09:42:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487342</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sustainable Aviation Fuel Blending and Logistics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2479792</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is an update to the 2021 report from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Airport Infrastructure and Sustainable Aviation Fuel (www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/78368.pdf). The previous report was prepared at a time when there was a single production facility and provided recommendations for blending. As more production plants have come online, as well as more commitments from the aviation industry, the report was updated to address current market needs. This report is focused on the United States market. Contents include: sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) background and motivation; jet fuel quality standards; and SAF logistics and blending.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 09:58:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2479792</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Risk assessment of emergency operations of floating storage and regasification unit</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417431</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the receiving terminal of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the efficient emergency response of the floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) is crucial to ensure the safety of LNG transportation at sea. However, few existing literature study the risk issues of FSRUs during emergency operations. In order to improve the emergency response capability of FSRU, this study proposes an innovative assessment method to identify hazards, quantify and rank the risks associated with emergency response and disposal operations of FSRU accidents. Firstly, a comprehensive index hierarchy system applicable to human, equipment, environment, and management aspects of emergency response and disposal operations of FSRU accident is established through an extensive literature review, analysis of accident reports, and expert judgments. Secondly, based on the concept of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers, the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hybrid Weighted Euclidean Distance (IFHWED) operator is used to enhance the conventional FMEA approach. This method considers the varying levels of expert confidence and integrates subjective and objective weights of risk influential factors (RIFs), and the efficacy is validated through sensitivity analysis. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithms is used to aggregate the risk values of RIFs. The findings of this study offer decision-makers insights into risks during emergency operation, provide valuable guiding strategies for FSRU accident management, and improve the capability for emergencies at sea.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Oct 2024 15:17:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417431</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrogen carriers for zero-emission ship propulsion using PEM fuel cells: an evaluation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2398153</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Green hydrogen combined with PEM fuel cell systems is a viable option to meet the demand for alternative maritime fuels. However, hydrogen storage faces challenges, including low volumetric density, fire and explosion risks and transport challenges. We assessed over fifteen hydrogen carriers based on their maritime performance characteristics to determine their suitability for shipboard use. Evaluation criteria included energy density, locally zero-emission, circularity of process, safety, dehydrogenation process, logistic availability and handling. Thus, excluding ammonia and methanol because of these constraints, we found that borohydrides, liquid organic hydrogen carriers and ammoniaborane are the most promising hydrogen carriers to use on ships with PEM fuel cells. Borohydrides, specifically sodium borohydride, have high energy densities but face regeneration issues. The liquid organic hydrogen carrier dibenzyltoluene has a lower energy density but exhibits easy hydrogenation and good handling. Given varying operational demands, we developed a framework to assess the suitability of hydrogen carriers for use in different ship categories. Evaluating the three types of hydrogen carriers, using our framework and considering current practices, shows that these are viable options for almost all ship types. Thus, we have identified three types of hydrogen carriers, which should be the focus of future research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Jul 2024 16:42:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2398153</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Refueling Infrastructure Deployment in Low-Income and Non-Urban Communities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2377871</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. National Blueprint for Transportation Decarbonization identifies the need to invest in infrastructure supporting low- and zero-emission vehicles, especially in low-income and overburdened communities, to eliminate nearly all greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector by 2050. The alternative fuel vehicle refueling property tax credit (26 U.S. Code § 30C) includes eligibility criteria intended to encourage investment in underserved communities based on the economic characteristics or urban character of the census tract in which the fueling infrastructure is installed. Eligible census tracts are those that qualify for the New Markets Tax Credit or that are not located within urban areas as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. This study quantifies how many fueling-related amenities are currently located in census tracts that qualify and do not qualify for the 30C tax credit based on IRS Notice 2024-20. For existing electric vehicle charging stations, 51% of Level 2 and 60% of Direct Current Fast Charging public stations are located in eligible census tracts. 73% of natural gas, propane, and hydrogen fueling stations are in qualifying census tracts and 75% of biodiesel and renewable fuel stations are in qualifying census tracts. This compares with 73% of existing gas stations in eligible census tracts. For deploying the refueling infrastructure to satisfy future demand, this study shows that truck stops (94%), commercial truck stops (92%), and Federal Highway alternative fuel corridors (89%) are predominantly located in eligible locations. Additionally, significant percentages of the population (62%), light-duty vehicle registrations (64%), and medium- and heavy-duty vehicle registrations (68%) fall within eligible areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 May 2024 09:40:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2377871</guid>
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