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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Field Study of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in French Drain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1632598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A field study of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in French drains was conducted to evaluate in situ exfiltration drainage performance of RCA as a pipe backfill material. The project was aimed at: (i) developing field test protocols to measure the exfiltration drainage performance of the RCA French drain, (ii) long-term monitoring (12 months in this study) of the field drainage behaviors of RCA French drains, and (iii) investigation of clogging buildup in the drains over time. Four French drains were designed and constructed with different aggregate type and condition, which involve limestone, RCA ‘as is’, RCA with 2% fines, and RCA with 4% fines. Field and laboratory tests were conducted. First, the flow rate and discharge rate of French drains were monitored for 12 months to evaluate the short- and long-term performances of RCA French drains. Second, permittivity testing was conducted on the geotextile samples taken from the four French drains after 12 months of field conditioning. Third, visual inspection inside the pipes was conducted at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Lastly, X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were conducted on RCA field models, which were embedded underground for 6, 12, and 18 months to identify re-cementation and calcite precipitation.  The results of laboratory and field tests indicated that the drainage performance of RCA French drain is mainly controlled by soil conditions (e.g., groundwater table, permeability of surrounding soils, etc.) and the amounts of excessive fines in the drain system; however, the aggregate type is not a critical factor affecting exfiltration drainage performance. Therefore, it was concluded that RCA in French drains performs similarly to limestone and causes no significant reduction in exfiltration drainage performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Jul 2019 16:32:11 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>FRENCH DRAIN LINED WITH GEOTEXTILES SOLVES PARKING LOT LEAK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/307123</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article descries how progressively developing soil leaks at a restaurant parking lot in Arlington, Texas was corrected.  Geotextiles used in a sump pit and French drain reduced these drainage problems by blocking clay particles. Because of the surface water being dammed by the curb and the undergrund flow, it was decided to install a French drain with several surface drains to pick up residual puddling.  Fine particles in the expansive clay had to be kept from infiltrating the gravel of the sump pit and the French drain system.  Typar was selected as the most practical geotextile for this job.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Mar 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>EXPANSIVE SOILS COMPLICATE TRUCK TERMINAL SITE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/283443</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Discovery of montmorillonite, an expansive, clay-like soil, complicated the earthwork balance and foundations for a new truck terminal site.  Site grading, which was planned to produce 600,000 cu yd of compacted, in-place fill, actually yielded more than 900,000 cu yd.  Design and construction was altered to place the fill in its wet, expanded condition and to seal the embankment surface to retain its moisture. An extensive French drain system was installed to keep additional surface water from seeping into the water-bearing fill.  The excavated material was spread in 1 ft lifts to which 14 percent water was added.  The wet material was compacted to at least 95 percent standard Proctor.  As many as 22 lifts were placed and processed.  Five percent lime stabilized the upper 6 in. of the top lift, to seal in the added water and to protect the carefully compacted fill from any additional water from the surface.  French drains were constructed in 2-ft-wide by 4- to 7-ft-deep trenches across the fills at 150 ft centers.  The trenches were lined with filter fabric and then filled with 1 1/8-in. concrete aggregate.  More than 700,000 tons of flexible base was placed at a rate of 15,000 tons per day using a laser-guided grader and trimmed to a 1/8-in.-accuracy by a laser-guided trimmer.  This 10-month, $13.3-million contract started in late 1987 and was expected to be completed ahead of schedule in mid-1988.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>MOTORWAY RUN-OFF - THE EFFECT OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ON WATER QUALITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/270704</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effectiveness of a sedimentation tank, a lagoon and a French drain in removing pollutants from motorway run-off has been assessed at an experimental catchment on the M1 motorway near Toddington, Bedfordshire.  As expected, the drainage systems reduced the levels of suspended solids but had no effect on the concentrations of dissolved material, but there were seasonal variations in their effectiveness. The lagoon and the French drain produced substantially larger reductions in pollutants than the sedimentation tank and also have a predicted longer period of effective operation.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/270704</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT OF GENERAL DECON TECHNOLOGY FOR THE U.S. ARMY'S INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM. TASK 1. LITERATURE REVIEW ON GROUND WATER CONTAINMENT AND DIVERSION BARRIERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/191050</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents a review and evaluation of the available information on the use of physical and hydrological barriers for containment or diversion of ground water.  The types of barriers investigated included slurry-trenches, grout curtains, Imper-walls, sheet piling, French drains, wellpoints and pump-back wells.  The state-of-the-art technology for each of these barriers is discussed.  Advantages and disadvantages of each method, application to particular ground water control scenarios, and costs for a standard 1067 m barrier are presented. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Dec 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/191050</guid>
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