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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Effects of leading-edge protuberances geometric parameters of hydrofoils on cavitation flow field and acoustic field</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2638279</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Under high-speed inflow conditions, hydrofoil surfaces are prone to cavitation, which subsequently generate cavitation noise. Inspired by the leading-edge structure of humpback whale pectoral fins, five biomimetic hydrofoils with leading-edge protuberances were developed on the basis of NACA 66 hydrofoil. Large Eddy Simulation model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model were employed to compute the cavitating flow fields of the baseline hydrofoil and the biomimetic hydrofoils at a cavitation number of 0.8. The permeable Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic equation was used to predict the cavitation noise. Results demonstrate that the leading-edge protuberances of biomimetic hydrofoils can effectively suppress spanwise cavitation expansion, shorten the maximum cavitation length, reduce the pressure pulsation amplitude on the hydrofoil surface in the high-frequency region, significantly reducing noise levels. Pseudo-thickness noise dominates the variation of the total noise. Biomimetic hydrofoils with the largest amplitude (biomimetic hydrofoil III) and the shortest wavelength (biomimetic hydrofoil V) can most effectively reduce the pseudo-thickness noise and pseudo-loading noise at various azimuth angles, while having negligible effect on the radiation sound lobe directivity. By analyzing the far-field OASPL of hydrofoils that only change wavelength or amplitude, it can be concluded that the influence weight of wavelength on OASPL is higher than that of amplitude. Spectral analysis found that biomimetic structures can reduce the full band SPL of hydrofoils at monitoring points, especially in the high-frequency band. According to the continuous wavelet transform of the pseudo-thickness acoustic pressure, the protuberances of biomimetic hydrofoils can reduce the cavity volume change acceleration when the bubble collapse, thus directly suppress the release of acoustic energy and reducing the number of high-amplitude frequency bands of pseudo-thickness noise, ultimately resulting in a pseudo-thickness noise reduction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2638279</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Effects of intake areas and shapes on the flow field of elliptical rotary engines at different speeds</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663662</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to the special structure, the flow field of elliptical rotor engines (ERE) shows several flow direction reversals, which is important for ERE working. In this research, a three-dimensional simulation model of ERE was developed using the CONVERGE. The turbulence model was validated through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments, allowing for an analysis of the scavenging process. Additionally, the study explored the impact of rotational speed, intake port areas and intake shapes on the flow field within the combustion chamber. The findings reveal that complex flows with multiple directional changes is occurred during the exchange process. With the increase of rotational speed, the volumetric efficiency of ERE increases and then decreases, and the highest point occurs at 4000 rpm. The peak of TKE occurs in the early stage of intake stroke at low rotational speeds, and occurs in the high rotational speed when the port is directly aligned with the recess. Variations in the shape of the intake port change the distribution of gas flowing, with regular trapezoidal and elliptical ports enhancing the swirling intensity in the bottom of the chamber. The elliptical intake port exhibits higher flow intensity at low speeds, while the regular trapezoidal intake port has higher flow strength at high speeds. An increase in the port area intensifies the swirl at the bottom of the chamber while simultaneously reducing the peak TKE. The in-cylinder flow of an elliptical rotor engine can be improved by using an appropriate intake shape and intake area, which improves its working process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:00:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663662</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A numerical simulation investigation into the hydrodynamic behavior of propellers considering the effects of longitudinal vibration of the shafting system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2656398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Longitudinal vibration of the ship propulsion shafting system can generate additional pulsating excitation at the propeller, which influences the vibration and noise levels at the stern and may compromise navigation safety. Therefore, investigating how axial vibration of the shafting system affects the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller is of significant importance. A viscous flow field model of the propeller, incorporating the effects of longitudinal vibration, was developed using the delayed detached eddy simulation method. By integrating the sliding mesh and dynamic mesh simulation techniques, the mechanism by which axial vibration influences the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller was thoroughly examined. The results indicate that axial vibration of the propulsion shafting system has a pronounced effect on the pulsating excitation of the propeller. Moreover, it affects the stability of wake development, resulting in distinct alternating radial expansion and contraction dynamics during wake vortex evolution. Through further spatio-temporal decoupling analysis of the wake field, multiple disturbance effects of axial vibration on the propeller wake were identified, with the most pronounced effects occurring at the longitudinal vibration frequency. This finding bridges the influence of axial vibration from the macroscopic scale of pulsating excitation to the microscopic scale of flow structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 09:40:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2656398</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coastal city pollution from time-varying traffic emissions: a high-resolution WRF-CFD comparison of dynamic sea-land breeze and static prevailing wind</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652594</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rapid urbanization has intensified traffic-related air pollution in street networks, particularly in coastal cities frequently affected by sea-land breeze (SLB) meteorology. Conventional air-quality assessments commonly adopt simplified steady-state ‘prevailing wind’ assumptions, failing to capture the dynamic and diurnal evolution of SLB circulations. This methodological simplification can weaken the effectiveness of pollution-mitigation strategies or even make them counterproductive. To address this limitation, a high-temporal-resolution WRF-CFD coupled model is employed to integrate time-evolving SLB meteorological fields with time-varying traffic emissions, assessing the pollutant dispersion under the SLB and summer prevailing wind (SPW) conditions. The results show that under SLB conditions, street-level pollutant concentrations become decoupled from traffic emission patterns, exhibiting opposing trends during morning and evening rush hours compared to the predictable behavior under SPW. Weak morning land breezes hinder pollutant dispersion, increasing concentrations by 1.4 times compared to SPW, whereas strong evening sea breezes enhance ventilation, reducing concentrations by 43%. Moreover, the midday collision of sea and land breezes generates a low-ventilation ‘convergence zone’, causing severe pollution episodes even during off-peak traffic hours. During this convergence period, the average pollution concentration under SLB is over 1.4 times higher than during SPW, with peak concentrations reaching nearly twice those of SPW. Although daily average concentrations are similar under both weather conditions, the SLB-induced convergence effect can cause short-term rapid pollutant accumulation, significantly amplifying pedestrian exposure risks. Consequently, for air quality assessment in coastal cities, the main findings show that SLB-induced meteorological dynamics (e.g., the midday convergence) can be a more critical determinant of acute pollution events than traffic volume itself, challenging the conventional prevailing steady-state assumption. The developed framework also provides an essential tool for designing meteorology-responsive dynamic traffic management and street-level air quality alert systems, enabling targeted control strategies under different weather conditions to reduce exposure risks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2026 12:12:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652594</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PIV investigation of wake Vortex Evolution and flow characteristics of a teardrop-shaped slender body in uniform flow</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2649729</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study experimentally investigates the evolution characteristics of wake structures in a slender body under varying Reynolds numbers (Re = 1300–4100) using two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV). Through time-averaged flow field statistics, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), power spectral density (PSD) analysis, and phase-averaging methods, the wall friction characteristics, wake velocity decay patterns, and vortex structure dynamics were systematically revealed. Key findings include: With increasing Reynolds number, the wall friction coefficient (Cf) gradually decreases along the streamwise direction, while the recirculation zone area, Reynolds shear stress, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the wake significantly increase, with high-value regions concentrating towards the rear. When Re > 3500, the time-averaged velocity decay in the near-wake region (2 <x/D < 9) follows the classical - 2/3 power law (ud ∼ x⁻²⸍³). POD analysis demonstrates that dominant modes exhibit disordered coherent structures at lower Reynolds numbers (Re ≤ 1900), while the first two modes at higher Reynolds numbers (Re ≥ 2600) display characteristic alternating asymmetric vortices corresponding to periodic Kármán vortex shedding, with Strouhal numbers (Sr) ranging 0.213–0.266. Phase-averaged results further confirm the formation of periodic three-dimensional helical vortex structures in high-Re wakes, showing progressively reduced helical advancement spacing with increasing Reynolds number. This study provides an experimental basis for the wake evolution mechanism and hydrodynamic optimization of slender bodies under low-to-moderate Reynolds numbers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2026 12:12:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2649729</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cavitation noise modulation in a model-scale propeller under non-uniform inflow: A time-frequency and cyclostationary perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644052</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study elucidates how cavitation dynamics govern the acoustic modulation features of a model-scale propeller under non-uniform inflow. A five-bladed high-skew propeller was tested in a cavitation tunnel under various hydrodynamic conditions to generate representative cavitation regimes, including suction-side sheet, tip vortex, pressure-side sheet, and combined cavitation. Hydroacoustic signals were acquired using a hydrophone setup and analyzed through time-frequency as well as cyclostationary techniques. Specifically, amplitude modulation features were extracted via a multi-band decomposition and Enkurgram-based filtering framework to identify cavitation-related components from broadband interference. The results reveal that suction-side sheet and tip vortex cavitation significantly enhance mid-to-high-frequency broadband noise, accompanied by pronounced cyclic modulations associated with blade passing events. In contrast, pressure-side cavitation exhibits weak modulation and minimal spectral amplitude. These findings provide experimental insights into the acoustic signatures of different cavitation states and support the development of underwater noise control and detection technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 08:46:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644052</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of flow field disturbance and drag characteristics of large-size unmanned submersible with porous structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2641264</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the demand for efficient extraction of deep-sea resources such as oil, gas, and polymetallic nodules grows, heavy-duty and large-scale unmanned submersibles with opening structures have been developed. However, the impact of these structures on hydrodynamic performance remains unclear. This study integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and water-channel experiments to examine the flow characteristics of a large-scale vessel with pore structures. The results show that porosity is a key factor influencing hydrodynamic drag. At a velocity of 2.5 m/s, the total hydrodynamic drag of R30 is 6.8 % higher than that of R10. This increase is mainly due to a 9.3 % rise in differential pressure drag (accounting for over 85 % of the total drag), despite a 9.5 % reduction in viscous drag. For a fixed porosity of 10 %, the square-pore model (S10) induces 1.7 % more differential pressure drag than the circular-pore model (R10), while R10 exhibits slightly higher viscous drag. Vertical circular-pore models (R10-V) that connect the vessel's upper and lower surfaces significantly reduce lift by 48.3 % compared to R10, whereas horizontal-pore models (e.g., R10 vs. R30) only cause a 7.4 % decrease in lift. Water-channel experiments on scaled R-NP, R30, and S30 models validate the trends observed in hydrodynamic performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 14:41:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2641264</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of high-frequency micro-vibrations on hydrofoil vortex shedding</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2634023</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hydrofoils are widely used in marine applications, and significant progress has also been made in the study of their fluid-structure interaction. However, in practical applications, high-frequency micro-vibrations (above tens of Hz, with micrometer-scale vibrations) induced by ship propulsion systems can still alter the vortex shedding behavior and wake dynamics of hydrofoils. This study systematically analyzes the lock-in mechanism between structural vibrations and vortex shedding by combining smart actuators (MFC) with a hydrofoil and observing changes in the flow field. Through a combination of simulations and experiments, we investigate key physical mechanisms such as the amplitude and phase variations of pressure and velocity during the lock-in process, as well as the energy transfer process. Additionally, the phenomenological model provides a theoretical explanation for the lock-in mechanism. These findings provide important insights into the development of fluid-structure interaction analysis for underwater structures such as hydrofoils, propeller blades, and rudders, and offer potential solutions for flow control applications in marine engineering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:55:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2634023</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of the impact of air lubrication on the hydrodynamic performance of KVLCC2</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2631330</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The air lubrication system (ALS) reduces frictional resistance, thereby improving ship efficiency. However, its full potential remains underexplored. This study investigates the hydrodynamic performance of a KVLCC2 ship model with ALS at water depth-to-draft ratios of 1.2, 1.5, 2, and 8.3. Two hole diameters, 1 mm and 2 mm, were tested under air flow rates of 0.85, 1.7, 3.4, and 5.1 m³ per hour. Manoeuvring conditions were simulated with different drift angles, and the resulting non-dimensional surge force, sway force, and yaw moment were analysed. The numerical model showed strong agreement with experimental data, with errors below 5 percent. Results indicate that increasing air flow and larger hole diameters increase the hydrodynamic performance. The maximum reduction in hydrodynamic moment, about 9.5 percent, was observed in deep water. Flow analysis confirms these findings and shows that the air layer remains away from the propeller region, which remains unaffected. Overall, the study highlights ALS as an effective method to reduce hydrodynamic forces and moments across a range of water depths.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 13:22:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2631330</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identification of wake structures contributing to aerodynamic drag on an automobile using graph-structured analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630455</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a support method for analyzing unsteady flow fields around an automobile by graph-structured analysis to identify wake structures that contribute to aerodynamic drag. Large eddy simulation was conducted to obtain time series data on total pressure coefficients at several probe points in the wake and the drag coefficient. The dependence between probe points and the drag coefficient was visualized in a directed acyclic graph by graph structured analysis and the key position and times are identified. By focusing on them, the instantaneous flow fields that contributed to drag were successfully identified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 08:43:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630455</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experiment investigation of scour and self-burial of sagging subsea pipelines in steady current</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627252</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fundamental mechanisms of the self-burial process of a subsea pipeline that fully sags into a scour hole and the effects of the timing of pipeline sagging on the self-burial are investigated experimentally. Each self-burial experiment starts with an initial scour hole that is generated by a scour experiment for a particular time, which is defined as the touchdown time Ttd. The effects of the touchdown time on the self-burial process are discussed. It was found that, to achieve self-burial, the touchdown time must be delayed to allow a sufficiently deep scour hole to develop. If the touchdown time is too soon, the scour will continue after the pipeline touches down and self-burial will not happen. After touchdown, self-burial initialises at the downstream side of the pipeline and has two stages: pre-self-burial scour and self-burial. The scoured sand behind the pipeline during pre-self-burial scour form a sand dune behind the pipeline and this sand dune is the key mechanisms of self-burial. The growth of this sand dune slows down the flow through the gap and finally stops the scour. Flow visualisation of a sagging pipeline was also conducted using the Particle Image Velocimetry method to understand the flow mechanism at different stages of the self-burial process. If the scour is allowed to fully develop, the pipeline can sag into the scour hole to a vertical distance of 0.7D before self-burial occurs, where D is diameter of pipeline. Based on the visualisation, recirculation of flow downstream to the pipeline plays a significant role in backfilling in the self-burial process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2026 10:07:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627252</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hybrid Deep Learning–CFD Method with Implicit Geometry Representation for Flow Field Reconstruction and Hull Form Optimization</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648691</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In hull form optimization, obtaining hydrodynamic results is computationally expensive. This study proposes a Hydrodynamic Accelerator based on Deep Neural Networks (HA-DNN) to reconstruct the three-dimensional flow fields around ships, and conducts posterior verification based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) equation. Concurrently, a fast, high-precision implicit framework termed Conformal Centroid Evolution (CCE) is proposed as an input representation for the accelerator. First, a flow-field dataset encompassing various hull forms was generated using experimentally validated CFD simulations. These hull forms were implicitly encoded in a spatial representation via the CCE method, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the deep learning model. Then, the physical conservation of the deep learning model's prediction results was evaluated using the VOF equation. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the construction of a ship total resistance surrogate model. Results indicate that the HA-DNN, utilizing the CCE as input, can accurately learn the mapping between complex hull geometries and three-dimensional flow fields. Compared with the conventional method, the efficiency of constructing the data required for surrogate model training was improved, while preserving predictive accuracy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 09:31:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648691</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The sound source distribution and mechanisms of flow-sound correlation for cavitating propellers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627208</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cavitating propeller is a main underwater sound source in ocean engineering. Its sound source distribution and flow-sound correlation mechanism are of interest for scholars. In this paper, four source components are considered. Large eddy simulation and acoustic analogy are adopted for flow-sound correlation mechanism study. Taking INSEAN E779A propeller as the research object, the predicted noise is compared with the experiments. It is found that the error is less than 6 dB. The correlation between the propeller side force and the dipole sound is high in all frequency bands. The lower the cavitation number, the higher the surface force fluctuation, which is reflected in the increased dipole intensity. The vortex affects the turbulence in the wake region, which contributes to the quadrupole source. The cavitation behavior affects the sphere pressure. The smaller the cavitation number and the larger the std value of the cavitation area, the stronger the sphere source is. The monopole, dipole and quadrupole sound components under non-uniform inflow conditions all exhibit more pronounced narrow-band peaks than those of uniform inflow. DMD results of the propeller wake vortices reveals that the uniform inflow, despite its higher energy at the 1st order mode, decays rapidly at higher order modes, while the non-uniform inflow decays slower, resulting in more pronounced peaks at the higher order frequencies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:01:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627208</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Water wave propagation over two asymmetric trenches in weakly viscous fluid system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627085</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Substantial amount of work is available on wave propagation over uneven bottoms and trenches for inviscid fluid. In this work, we extend the study by considering the weakly viscous model of the fluid and emphasize analyzing the impact of viscosity on wave attenuation, dispersion, and flow dynamics using the eigenfunction expansion method. Through numerical analysis, we have observed that viscosity greatly increases energy loss by increasing internal friction, especially in low-frequency and shallow-water cases. In addition to the geometrical configurations of the trenches, viscosity also plays a key role in wave scattering phenomena by reducing the transmission of waves. It also has a remarkable impact on the stress distribution and velocity pattern near the trenches. These findings improve our understanding of the behavior of waves in variable seabeds and asymmetric trenches. From a practical perspective, they provide helpful information for improving navigation safety, reducing harbor oscillations, and designing more effective coastal structures such as harbor entrances and breakwaters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 14:44:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627085</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of longitudinal and lateral spacing of cubic artificial reefs on flow dynamics and scour volume</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627054</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The spatial configuration of artificial reefs (ARs) critically influences local hydrodynamics, yet systematic assessments of scour stability and deployment efficiency remain limited. Combining flume experiments and OpenFOAM simulations, this study examines how normalized longitudinal (T/D) and lateral (P/D) spacings affect flow interactions, scour processes, and ecological flow features. Here, T and P denote the longitudinal and lateral spacing between ARs, respectively, and D is the AR edge length. Results show that longitudinal spacing transitions from pronounced flow shielding (T/D ≤ 0.5) to peak wake vortex interactions (T/D = 1.0–2.0) and finally independent wakes (T/D > 2.0), directly impacting scour intensity, turbulence, and beneficial ecological flow features like upwelling. Similarly, lateral spacing shifts from merged wakes (P/D = 0) to enhanced gap flows (P/D = 0.5–1.0) and decoupled patterns (P/D ≥ 1.5). A comprehensive evaluation index (Ib) balances ecological benefits, scour stability, and deployment costs, identifying optimal spacings (T/D = 1.0–1.5, and P/D = 1.5–2.0) across multiple weighting scenarios, validated via Monte Carlo simulations. These findings deepen our fundamental understanding of hydrodynamic-scour interactions and offer theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for sustainable marine ranching and the optimal design of offshore ecological infrastructure worldwide.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 14:44:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627054</guid>
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