<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Optimal proportioning of grout constituents using mathematical programming for semi flexible pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1635364</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a mathematical approach to obtain the optimal proportion of the grout constituents for a semi-flexible pavement. Grout mixes were prepared using three different water-cement ratios, three sand sizes, one sand-cement ratio, four/five different percentages of super plasticizer, and two different types of super plasticizer. The grout mixes were tested for flowability and strength using Marsh cone test and cube compressive strength test, respectively. The laboratory results were utilized to validate the proposed mathematical programming approach while obtaining the optimal proportion of grout constituents. Experimental results indicated that a minimum of 2% naphthalene super plasticizer and 1% polycarboxylate super plasticizer are required, irrespective of any combination, to achieve the desired flow time of the grout. The flow time and compressive strength were found to be associated with type of super plasticizer used. The proposed approach was found to be statistically satisfactory, with 95% confidence level, for determining the optimum grout constituents. The validation of the grout penetrability, using the proposed approach, has also been provided. Researchers and field engineers may consider to employ this analytical approach for grout constituent proportioning by partial or total replacement of cement with silica fume or fly ash.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Aug 2019 14:31:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1635364</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hybrid Concrete for Advancing Pavement Performance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1592056</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rutting, caused by a depression or groove of traveling wheels worn into a road, is a major problem of conventional asphalt or flexible pavements, and is primarily due to plastic deformation of the asphalt concrete near the pavement surface. To overcome this problem, a hybrid, made with asphalt (flexible) pervious concrete filled with Portland cement (rigid) mortar, called casting cement asphalt mixture (CCAM), has been developed. During the development process, various CCAMs were made with Iowa concrete materials. Experiments were conducted to gauge optimal porosity of asphalt pervious concrete and optimal flowability of mortar for CCAMs. The basic engineering properties of these CCAMs, such as strength, shrinkage, and freeze-thaw durability, were evaluated. The results show that CCAMs can be produced successfully by using pervious concrete of 25% porosity and rapid set cement grout with very high flowability. The calcium sulphoaluminate cement grout used in this study attained strength greater than 18 MPa (2,600 psi) in less than 12 hours. Therefore, a CCAM pavement could open to traffic at a much earlier time than a conventional Portland cement concrete roadway. While asphalt concrete displayed a 9 mm rut after being subjected to 10,000 wheel track cycles during a wheel track rutting test, the CCAM showed a less than 1 mm rut. However, as the CCAM is neither asphalt nor Portland cement concrete, a big project challenge was to find appropriate test methods for evaluating key properties of CCAM, especially the method for testing its freeze-thaw durability. Although CCAM has attracted a great deal of attention in Europe and Asia, most applications have been in warm climate regions. Few applications of CCAM have been conducted in the US, especially in cold climate regions. Further investigation needs to be done on the CCAM freeze-thaw durability before this new material is applied to Iowa pavements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 24 Mar 2019 20:11:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1592056</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Studying the effect of soft bitumen on the rheological properties of reclaimed PMB binder by using the DSR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1514536</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A rapidly increasing source of reclaimed asphalt (RA) containing polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) offers a potential premium material contribution when performing recycling. This manuscript studies the influence of soft virgin paving grade binder and PMB binder on the rheological properties of three PMB-containing RA binders from different ‘old’ surface-layer asphalt mixtures in Europe, by using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The results indicated that the soft virgin binder and PMB binder can change the flow abilities of RA binder. After the normalisation, the Cole–Cole curve for the modulus can be used to describe the influence of soft fresh binder on the rheological properties of reclaimed binders. The Cole–Cole curve in terms of the viscosity can be used to describe the colloidal shifting of reclaimed binder when blending with fresh binder, and the fresh binder dominated the structure of blended binders. Mixing with soft PMB binder made it possible to rejuvenate the rheological properties of the reclaimed PMB binder. Then, the polymer from the reclaimed binder can still function in a new mixture when recycled.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2018 12:23:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1514536</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of flowability, casting time and formwork geometry on fiber orientation and mechanical properties of UHPFRC</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1464218</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, fiber orientation in ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHPFRC) with different formwork geometry was evaluated using visualization model concrete and via analysis involving 3D visualization based on X-ray computed tomography (CT). Differences in fiber orientation in the height direction were first reviewed. Furthermore, the influence of flowability and casting time on the fiber orientation and mechanical properties of UHPFRC were examined. The results indicated that flowability dictates eventual fiber orientation in parts close to the surfaces of formwork. The use of UHPFRC with superior flowability results in more fibers being oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of slabs in comparison to UHPFRC with inferior flowability. It was also found that flowability and casting time can have strong influences on the mechanical properties of UHPFRC. Residual flexural strength after initial cracking exhibited perfect linear dependence on the effective number of fibers at fracture planes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 May 2017 15:16:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1464218</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A DEM hard-core soft-shell model for the simulation of concrete flow</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1395959</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new discrete element model (DEM) model for the simulation of concrete flow is presented. Fresh concrete is described as an assembly of composite particles made of spherical hard grains representing coarse aggregates surrounded by concentric spherical layers representing mortar. Two kinds of simulations are carried out: rheological simulations performed in a Couette geometry and slump test simulations. Rheological simulations show that the rheological behaviour of simulated concretes can be approximated with the Bingham model. The force model used allows for a direct relation between rheological characteristics of the mortar and rheological characteristics of the simulated concrete. Slump test simulations show that the model is able to describe the shape of concrete during the flow. The yield stresses and viscosities of numerical concretes are then calculated from the slump values and slump times with equations of the literature.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Feb 2016 16:32:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1395959</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of clinker grinding aids on flow of cement-based materials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1373222</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Grinding aids (GAs), such as ethanolamines and glycols, are increasingly used during cement production to reduce energy consumption and/or optimize clinker factor. This paper seeks to assess the effect of such additions on variations in flow of cement pastes, including static yield stress (τ₀) and viscosity (η). Grinding tests were performed at fixed specific energy consumption (Ec) or Blaine cement fineness. For fixed Ec, tests have showed that the increase in cement fineness resulting from the addition of higher GA concentration leads to reduced flow and increased τ₀ and η values. Conversely, cement ground for fixed Blaine fineness exhibited an improvement in flowability together with reduction in τ₀ and η  values. This was related to a dispersion effect of cement agglomerates in the presence of GA molecules. Special emphasis is placed throughout this paper regarding the effect of GAs on ASTM C465 requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2015 08:24:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1373222</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of Mixture Composition and Type of Cementitious Materials on Enhancing the Fresh Properties and Stability of Self-Consolidating Rubberized Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1354956</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An experimental investigation was conducted to study the development of self-consolidating rubberized concrete (SCRC) with improved flowability, passing ability, stability, and strength for multiple structural applications. The investigation particularly aimed to maximize the percentage of used crumb rubber (CR) in SCRC while minimizing the reduction in strength and stability of the developed mixtures. The experimental test parameters included CR percentage (0–50% by volume of sand), binder content (500–550  kg/m³ ), coarse aggregate size (10–20 mm), air entrainment, and supplementary cementing material (SCM) (fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and metakaolin). The performance of the developed SCRC was evaluated based on the results for compressive strength, flowability, passing ability, high-range water-reducer admixture (HRWRA) demand, coarse aggregate segregation, and CR distribution. The results indicated that mixtures with 500  kg/m³  binder content had acceptable strength, fresh properties, and stability with up to 15% CR replacement. Using 550-kg/m³ binder content improved SCRC mixture stability and allowed up to 20% CR to be used safely. Compared with the other tested SCMs, metakaolin (MK) significantly improved mixture viscosity and particle suspension/distribution, which allowed the use of up to 30% CR in SCRC mixtures. The results also showed that, despite the reduction in compressive strength in mixtures with entrained air, using air entrainment in SCRC with MK further improved the fresh properties of these mixtures and allowed up to 40% CR to be used with acceptable compressive strength (25.7 MPa) and with no sign of segregation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2015 09:23:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1354956</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Impacts of Visual Stability Index on Flowability and Segregation Properties of Self – Consolidating Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1338636</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of the presented research is to investigate the relationship between Visual Stability Index (VSI), flowabilty, and fresh segregation of Self Consolidating Concrete (SCC). The mixtures were developed using two fly ash classes F and C and different aggregate sizes to study the effects of VSI values of 1 and 2 on different mixtures. The mixtures were designed with 20% cement replacement using Class C fly ash for one mixture and Class F for the other. Each mixture was duplicated 12 times with varying visual stability index values of 1 and 2, different coarse aggregate sizes (ASTM C 33 #57,#67, and #7), and with natural and manufactured sand, while maintaining the water/cementitous material ratio at 0.45. The different VSI’s were achieved by varying the dosage of the high water reducing agent (HWRA). The results of this study have indicated that SCC mixes made with the #57 stone, #67 stone, or manufactured sand, with the VSI value of 2, show high segregation potential. Therefore VSI value of 2 is not recommended with these aggregates. The #7 aggregate is highly recommended in order to produce SCC mixtures with high flowability and with less segregation potential. The use of fly ash C and F was noted as being very important in improving the fresh characteristics of SCC mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2015 10:05:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1338636</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cyclic Behavior of Self-Consolidated Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1321483</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report highlights the production of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) using local materials from Las Vegas, Nevada. Four SCC mixtures were worked on with 2 different levels of fly ash (FA) replacement and the inclusion of superplasticizers, ADVA 195 and V-MAR 3. The fresh properties tested of these mixtures are the flowability, passing ability and the stability. The mechanical properties were also ascertained and these comprised the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity. The durability of the specimens produced from the mixtures was tested against chloride ion resistance, sulfate resistance and salt scaling. The effect of the concrete constituents on the results obtained from fresh and hardened properties is also discussed. Moreover, this report investigates the difference in the behavior of SCC and conventional concrete encased in fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes. The effect of fiber orientation on both strength and ductility of FRP confined concrete is discussed. Axial compression tests were performed under monotonic and cyclic conditions to determine the stress strain relationship of a SCC filled fiber tube with ±45° fibers. The test results obtained from the compression tests are presented and examined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Sep 2014 13:14:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1321483</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and Performance of Self-Consolidating Concrete for Connecting Precast Concrete Deck Panels and Bridge I-Girders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1320887</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Existing full-depth precast concrete deck systems use either open channels or pockets to accommodate the shear connectors of supporting girders for achieving composite systems. The use of open channels or pockets requires cast-in-place concrete/grout to fill these channels/pockets and deck overlay to cover the exposed surface. These operations negatively affect the quality of precast concrete decks and their speed of construction, which are the expected benefits of using precast concrete deck systems. Recent developments in full-depth precast concrete deck systems include using covered individual pockets at large spacing to simplify construction and eliminate the need for deck overlays to cover exposed surfaces. This requires flowable concrete/gout to completely fill deck pockets and gaps between the precast concrete deck panels and bridge girders (i.e. haunches). The high cost of commercial grouts and their strict requirements of surface preparation and application procedures reduce the constructability and cost effectiveness of precast concrete deck systems. The objective of this project is to investigate the constructability of using self-consolidating concrete (SCC) to fill the gap between precast concrete deck panels and bridge girders as well as covered deck pockets. This includes developing SCC mixture(s) with specific requirements in terms of flowability, passing ability, stability, workability retention, and pumpability and evaluating the performance of these novel construction materials in small–scale and full-scale specimens. Sequence of pouring/pumping SCC as well as its quality control and quality assurance procedures are also determined. This experimental investigation is crucial for the success of the new generation of full-depth precast concrete deck systems and improving its competitiveness against cast-in-place deck systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Aug 2014 11:00:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1320887</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Simulation Testing on the Shutdown and Safe Restart of Crude Oil Pipelines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1121648</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The plan repair or rush-to-repair of a hot oil pipeline may shut it down. As the pipeline is shut down, the oil's temperature will decrease continuously and the heavy organic molecules will crystallize or aggregate and suspend from the oil, which can strengthen their interaction and worsen the oil's flowability, even form a network structure or freeze the pipeline. Once the pipeline is frozen during its shutdown, it is likely that the pipeline will have to be trenched to unblock and restart the pipeline. Hence, it is necessary to focus on the experimental study of the shutdown and restart behavior of a hot oil pipeline to provide a safe and effective restart proposal for the shutdown pipeline. Considering the potential frozen risk of the shutdown pipeline, this paper takes BZ28-2S crude oil and the mixture of BZ19-4 oil and produced water as the study objects, and the change laws of restart pressure of the shutdown pipeline as the shutdown time and temperature for different study fluids were simulated by using a loop system. The main factors affecting the restart pressure of the shutdown loop with studied fluids were analyzed and the relationship between the pressurizing speed and the restart pressure of the shutdown pipeline were investigated and then an effective method to ensure the safe restart of a shutdown hot oil pipeline was presented. The results indicate that the longer of shutdown time and the lower of shutdown temperature, the higher of the restart pressure; and the restart pressure also increases as the restart speed due to a higher instant pressure, accordingly the restart time becomes shorter. The low-temperature flowability of BZ28-2S oil and BZ34-1N oil are poor, thus the restart pressure should be higher during the pipeline's restart; the yield value of BZ28-2S blended oil is high at low temperatures, hence the temperature drop during shutdown shouldn't be below 25°C. Under the same shutdown temperature and time, the restart pressure of the BZ19-4 oil-water flow decreases while its water cut is higher than that of the phase inversion point and the pumping behavior of the restarted oil-water flow worsens.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Jan 2013 13:48:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1121648</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Self-Consolidating Concrete—Applications for Slip-Form Paving: Phase II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1147321</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The goal of the project was to develop a new type of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for slip-form paving to simplify construction and make smoother pavements. Developing the new SCC involved two phases: a feasibility study (Phase I sponsored by TPF-5[098] and concrete admixtures industry) and an in-depth mix proportioning and performance study and field applications (Phase II). The phase I study demonstrated that the new type of SCC needs to possess not only excellent self-consolidating ability before a pavement slab is extruded, but also sufficient “green” strength (the strength of the concrete in a plastic state) after the extrusion. To meet these performance criteria, the new type of SCC mixtures should not be as fluid as conventional SCC but just flowable enough to be self-consolidating. That is, this new type of SCC should be semi-flowable self-consolidating concrete (SFSCC). In the phase II study, effects of different materials and admixtures on rheology, especially the thixotropy, and green strength of fresh SFSCC have been further investigated. The results indicate that SFSCC can be designed to (1) be workable enough for machine placement, (2) be self-consolidating without segregation, (3) hold its shape after extrusion from a paver, and (4) have performance properties (strength and durability) comparable with current pavement concrete. Due to the combined flowability (for self-consolidation) and shape-holding ability (for slip-forming) requirements, SFSCC demands higher cementitious content than conventional pavement concrete. Generally, high cementitious content is associated with high drying shrinkage potential of the concrete. However, well-proportioned and well-constructed SFSCC in a bike path constructed at Ames, Iowa, has not shown any shrinkage cracks after approximately 3 years of field service. On the other hand, another SFSCC pavement with different mix proportions and construction conditions showed random cracking. The results from the field SFSCC performance monitoring implied that not only the mix proportioning method but also the construction practice is important for producing durable SFSCC pavements. A carbon footprint, energy consumption, and cost analysis conducted in this study have suggested that SFSCC is economically comparable to conventional pavement concrete in fixed-form paving construction, with the benefit of faster, quieter, and easier construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Aug 2012 17:09:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1147321</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparation and Testing of Drilled Shafts with Self-Consolidating Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1148317</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) was evaluated in drilled shafts and the integrity of drilled shafts was determined using cross-hole sonic logging (CSL), a low-strain nondestructive integrity testing technique. SCC has very high flowability. It was placed in the drilled shafts of the bridge on Route 28 over Broad Run in Bristow in Prince William County, Virginia. There were two bridges at the site; the one carrying the northbound traffic had drilled shafts using conventional concrete with high consistency (i.e., flowability). Half of the shafts of the bridge carrying the southbound traffic were cast with SCC. During placement, properties of the fresh concrete were tested and specimens were prepared to determine the hardened properties. The integrity of the shafts within the reinforcing cage was determined using CSL, with sonic echo/impulse response also used to evaluate several test shafts. The use of acousto-ultrasonic (AU) measurements to determine the cover depth outside the reinforcing cage was also evaluated during laboratory testing. In addition to the Route 28 shafts, three test shafts with conventional and SCC concretes were cast in an area headquarters. These shafts had intentional voids created through the use of sand bags and Styrofoam to investigate further the ability of the nondestructive test equipment. The results indicated that SCC is highly desirable for drilled shafts; it flows easily, filling the hole, and the removal of the temporary casing is facilitated by this highly workable material. CSL is a satisfactory nondestructive method to determine the integrity of shafts. Sonic echo/impulse response also showed promise as a method that complements CSL for determining the integrity of a shaft.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Aug 2012 17:15:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1148317</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Guidelines for design, testing, production and construction of semi-flowable SCC for slip-form paving</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1143741</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new type of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), semi-flowable SCC (SFSCC), has been developed for slip-form paving construction. Several field applications of the SFSCC have been conducted. Based on the research results, guidelines for SFSCC mix design, testing, production and construction are developed. This paper provides an overview of the guidelines. In this paper, SFSCC mix design methodology, quality control test methods and special requirements for paving equipment and operations as well as post-placement techniques are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jul 2012 16:50:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1143741</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Flow Characteristics of Macro-Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Self-Consolidating Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1117303</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper evaluated the flow characteristics of macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced self consolidating concrete (MSFRSCC). A total of 20 non-air entrainment self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures with varying w/c ratios, macro-synthetic fiber lengths, and fiber dosages rates were evaluated.The flow characteristics of each mixture were evaluated using four typical SCC workability test methods: slump flow, filling capacity, L-box, and V-funnel tests. The plastic shrinkage cracking resistance, compressive strength and flexural strength of each mixture were also evaluated. The objective was to develop an understanding of the factors that influence the flow characteristics of MSFRSCC and determine if criteria set for conventional SCC can be applied to MSFRSCC. The testing results demonstrated that fiber lengths of 50 mm cause significant internal friction leading to mixture stability issues when attempting to increase the volume of high range water reducer to produce acceptable slump flow values without viscosity modifying admixtures. Reducing fiber length to 38mm led to reduction in the internal friction allowing satisfactory slump flow, filling capacity, and V-funnel flow time to be achieved with slight mixture modifications and no viscosity modifying admixtures were required. The addition of fibers did cause lower than acceptable L-Box test results where mixtures were made to change direction and flow between closely spaced bars. It was concluded that the slight increase in internal friction produced by the addition of fibers caused the low L-Box results and not any form of blockage. The plastic shrinkage test results showed that the addition of 0.40% fibers by volume led to as much as 70 % reduction in total crack area and up to 50% reduction in maximum crack width as compared to plain concrete. The results obtained from this research clearly shows that is it possible to develop highly crack resistant MSFRSCC mixtures for concrete structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Sep 2011 09:28:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1117303</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>