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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>EVALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE ELECTRICAL HAZARD OF CHEMICAL VAPORS DURING WATER TRANSPORTATION USING PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/84516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pattern recognition is a statistical technique that allows one to find or predict a property of chemicals that is not directly measurable, but is known to depend upon certain features or properties of the chemicals via some totally unknown relationship.  This technique has been applied to a multitude of scientific problems.  The same technique was used to classify a chemical according to its relative hazard in bulk water-transportation based on chemical structure and macro-scale properties such as density, vapor pressure, structure-fragments, solubilities, etc.  Using the Linear-Learning Machine, the overall prediction of the 47 compounds in training set was 68% correct.  The predicted classifications of the 240 compounds in the test set are approximately 68% correct.  There are many difficulties associated with properly classifying compounds on the basis of variable derived from structural fragments that must be solved before great reliance can be placed on the results of a Linear-Learning Machine classification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/84516</guid>
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      <title>SHIP FIRE CHARACTERISTICS. PART 1. SEALED COMPARTMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57561</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To optimize weight and cost of fire protection for aluminum ships, it is essential to know the characteristics of the fire threat. Since fire behavior is a function of fuel and environment--particularly of ventilation, fire characteristics are studied as a function of typical conditions aboard Navy ships. This report deals with various ventilation conditions. Fire characteristics such as burning rate, fuel consumed, temporal and spatial heating patterns, and O2, CO2, and CO concentrations at extinguishment were measured. With all class A and B fuels examined, by flaming combustion stopped at oxygen concentrations of 10-15%. Factors such as pool size, compartments volume, and fire location had as much effect on oxygen concentration for self-extinguishment as the oxygen index. Because fuel consumed was proportional to available oxygen, the heat released and the thermal hazard can be estimated from compartment volume. Sealed compartments offer a simple lightweight form of passive fire protection. The concept of spaces too small to flashover is explored with a simple model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Dec 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>FIRE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL VAPORS RELATIVE TO EXPLOSION-PROOF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51093</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At the request of the U.S. Coast Guard, a detailed study of flammability has been made by the Electrical Hazards Panel of the Committee on Hazardous Materials in order to assign tentative classifications to 388 chemicals of commerce according to the classification groups given in the National Electrical Code, NEC 500.  The method used was based on available physical and flammability properties, and chemical structure as an adjunct (by homology and analogy) where data were limited.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51093</guid>
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      <title>MATRIX OF ELECTRICAL AND FIRE HAZARD PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF CHEMICALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/43743</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A detailed study of physical and flammability properties of vapors in order to assign classifications to chemicals of commerce according to the classification groups given in the National Electrical Code, Article 500.  This matrix of electrical and fire hazard properties and classifications of chemicals was prepared for use by the Panel as an aid in the classification of each chemical. The Coast Guard requested that it be published so that a permanent record of the data, which had only been made available to the Panel, would be retained and could be enlarged on in the future.  The MATRIX does not represent an exhaustive coverage of the literature, but it is believed that most reliable references were used in assembling the data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/43743</guid>
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      <title>FIRE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL VAPORS RELATIVE TO EXPLOSION-PROOF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT--REPORT II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/3723</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At the request of the U.S. Coast Guard, a detailed study has been made by the Electrical Hazards Panel of the Committee on Hazardous Materials to determine the feasibility of classifying some 200 chemicals of commerce according to the classifications given in the National Electric Code, NEC 500, by using a scheme based entirely on available physical and flammability properties only.  This is the second progress report submitted by the Committee to the U.S. Coast Guard.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Apr 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/3723</guid>
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      <title>FIRE HAZARDS OF CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/28866</link>
      <description><![CDATA["Calcium hypochlorite, 70% available chlorine" is the commercial description of a substance used for purifying water supplies and, in particular, swimming pools.  It is sometimes referred to in shipping documents as "bleaching powder".  This is a misnomer and can be misleading because the hazardous properties of the two substances are quite different.  It is of interest because it has been responsible for a number of fires and explosions in ships. During the last few years there have been some twelve major incidents in ships and many incidents on land about which there are little data.  Describes the nature of the incidents, possible couses of fire such as spontaneous ignition by self-heating or contamination and should not be treated as a simple Oxidiying agent.  Reviews current research programs interim recommendation and suggested future action with regard to modifying existing IMCO and national codes for carriage of this material.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/28866</guid>
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      <title>FIRE PROTECTION GUIDE ON HAZARDOUS MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/33526</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Lists the flash points of 8,800 trade name products; flash point of numerical trade names; fire hazard properties of 1,300 substances; data on fire hazard properties, explosion potential, toxicity hazards, storage recommendations, fire fighting information and hazard markings for 416 chemicals; information on 3,550 mixtures of 2 or more chemicals liable to cause fire, explosions or detonations; and a recommend system to identify health, flammability, and reactivity hazards.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/33526</guid>
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      <title>OIL BURNING RATES IN PARTLY VENTED TANKS: APPLICATION TO DISPOSAL OF WRECKED OIL TANKER CARGOES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/19306</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effect of the size and disposition of venting apertures on the burning rate of crude oil in model tanks has been determined.  One side vent and one lid vent were used in all tests, only their size and relative positions being changed.  Tanks of four different sizes were used, the largest being of 36 sq. m cross-sectional area, in an attempt to predict from the burning rates found in small scale tests those to be expected in a much larger tank.  The effect of wind speed on the buring rate was investigated for the three smaller tanks, burnings being performed in still air and in blower-generated winds of between 6 and 11 m/s. The tanks were water cooled on the bottom and one side to simulate 'at-sea' conditions.  Some empirical extrapolations and scaling rules were sought and have been obtained; an estimate of the likely buring rate in ship-sized tanks under various conditions of wind and venting is thus available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/19306</guid>
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      <title>PORT HANDLING AND MARINE TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15947</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Basic problems in handling hazardous materials have been under investigation for ten years by the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council Committee on Hazardous Materials, on behalf of the United States Coast Guard, Department of Transportation.  The background of the Committee, the criteria used in selection of members, and the identification of the areas to be considered will be discussed.  The international as well as national implications of the work of the Committee will be noted with particular reference to an international conference on the transport of hazardous cargoes by sea and inland waterways scheduled for New Orleans, Louisiana on April 13-17, 1975.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15947</guid>
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      <title>UNUSUAL FIRE HAZARD OF LNG TANKER SPILLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/13811</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The spreading and evaporation rates of liquified natural gas spilled on water are estimated theoretically.  Subsequent gravitational spread and heating of the vapor evolved from the spill generate a pancake-shaped cloud in 15 minutes or less.  Downwind drift of this ground-level cloud to land areas could result in its ignition and complete combustion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Feb 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/13811</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIRE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL VAPORS RELATIVE TO EXPLOSION-PROOF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, REPORT III</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/10439</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At the request of the U.S. Coast Guard, a detailed study of flammability has been made by the Electrical Hazards Panel of the Committee on Hazardous Materials in order to assign tentative classifications to 370 chemicals of commerce according to the classification Groups given in the National Electrical Code, NEC 500.  The method used was based on available physical and flammability properties, and chemical structure as an adjunct (by homology and analogy) where data were limited.  This is a supplementary report to Report II, October 7, 1971, and includes the classification of about 170 additional materials.  The first report to the Coast Guard, a study, Fire Hazard Classifiction of Chemical Vapors Relative to Explosion-Proof Electrical Equipment, was issued February 10, 1970.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/10439</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SMALL CRAFT STANDARDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/8781</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The business of small boats has been enduring a maturing process for a great many years.  Recently the rate of progress has increased markedly with the introduction of many of the large industrial giants into the industry bringing with them mass production techniques and the many associated sophisticated systems.  A satellite to this rapid growth is the development of standards.  The goals of such standards are to protect the public and offer guidelines to advise of safe practices.  There are a number of types of standards for use in boating each with its own purpose.  The organizations promulgating standards each have their specific objectives, however, all are coordinating with each other to minimize confusion and ambiguities.  In order to keep the Wonderful World of Small Boating wonderful, it is necessary for everyone from the designer to the user to become involved with the standards writing organizations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 May 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/8781</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PROCEEDINGS CONFERENCE ON HAZARD EVALUATION AND RISK ANALYSIS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/3727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[These proceedings record papers on: (1) hazard evaluation and (2) risk analysis as they relate to hazardous materials in transport covering:  Benefit-Cost Studies in Socio-Technical Systems; Technology and Safety; Analytical Approaches to Risk Analysis:  Problems in Practice; Pyrotechnic Hazard Evaluation and Risk Concepts; The Environmental Risk Arising from the Bulk Storage of Dangerous Chemicals; The Geography and Ecology of the Houston Ship Channel--Galveston Bay System.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 Apr 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/3727</guid>
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