<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Data use in urban walkability promotion: A case study from Tampere</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706980</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to its societal benefits, walking promotion has become a prevalent policy goal in contemporary cities. As a result, the concept of walkability, which broadly refers to how pedestrian-friendly the built environment is, has attracted interest among academics and practitioners seeking to better understand and promote walking behavior. At the same time, advances in technology and citizen engagement are making a wider range of data available to practitioners to inform walkability-related policymaking. However, there is a dearth of understanding of how practitioners use data to inform walkability-related policies. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a case study in the Finnish city of Tampere, which has recently invested significantly in data use and published a concrete plan to promote walking, with the aim of understanding which types of data civil servants use to improve walkability and how different data are utilized. Drawing on document analysis and interviews with civil servants, our findings show that data are primarily used to manage trade-offs in public space and resource allocation, with walking-behavior data being central to justifying investments and designing infrastructure. The results reveal a misalignment between academic research on walkability, which focuses on quantifying the physical dimension of the built environment, and policy practice, which, based on our results, emphasizes the behavioral and perceptual dimensions of walkability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 09:03:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706980</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nordic certification system for road marking materials : version 11:2026</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2752092</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A Nordic certification system for road marking materials was introduced in 2015. The system is based on documented performance measurements of material samples applied on test fields on public roads.The certification system includes both flat (type I) and structured/profiled (type II) markings, antiskid materials (materials with enhanced friction), temporary markings, inlaid markings (Norway only), materials for hand application and materials with enhanced durability for illuminated high-traffic urban areas. Material tests are carried out at two test sites: one in Norway and one in Denmark. The test fields are situated on public roads and the tested materials are thus exposed to real traffic conditions and to weather conditions representative for the Nordic countries. The materials are followed up by performance measurements for one or two years. The certification includes requirements on coefficient of retroreflected luminance R L under dry and wet conditions, luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd , friction and chromaticity coordinates. The number of wheel passages is measured at the test sites annually. The certification system includes material identification, to verify that the manufacturer's declaration of constituents agrees with the material applied on the test field. The certification system is based on the European standards EN 1824 Road marking materials - Road trials , EN 1436 Road marking materials - Road marking performance for road users , EN 12802 Road marking materials - Laboratory methods for identification , and EN 13212 Road marking materials - Requirements for factory production control. This document constitutes the guidelines for the Nordic certification system. The document describes the certification procedure, what type of products that are included in the system and the requirements for certification. Furthermore, the procedures and methods used for application of materials, performance measurement and identification analysis are described. The document also gives specifications and practical information regarding the test sites and regarding registration and application of products for certification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 08:36:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2752092</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Building the next generation of cyclists : planning memo 3</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2752021</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This planning memo focuses on the unique and dynamic aspects of adolescents in cycling within the Nordic Region. We provide a review of Nordic-based academic studies on adolescents and their mobility trends and behaviours. This is followed by a summary of how several Nordic cities and regions have considered this age group within their cycling strategies. We also explore some cross-Nordic comparisons with regards to legal age restrictions and other regulations that can be both a support and a barrier to adolescent cyclists and micro-mobility users. The planning memo concludes with several key takeaways for planning and policymaking. From a review of 26 academic articles, we identified seven main trends with regards to adolescents in cycling: (1. younger adolescents are more likely to cycle compared to older adolescents, (2. time and distance influence adolescent travel behaviour, (3. the built environment influences adolescent travel behaviour, (4. active school transport works when it is also a social activity, (5. the role played by parents is mixed, (6. there is a positive relationship between active transport and health, and (7. traffic and other safety remain concerns for adolescents, but this is not exclusive to cycling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 08:35:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2752021</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A mode-constrained mixture model for route choice inference</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2697870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cities increasingly rely on bike-sharing systems to promote sustainable mobility. These systems generate massive but low-granularity data. Unlike GPS datasets, trip records typically provide only the origin, destination and total duration, making it difficult to infer route structure or behavioral heterogeneity. Despite this limited granularity, some studies have shown that trip-duration distributions are usually well represented by a log-normal mixture model. The first component of the mixture model is believed to provide a faithful representation of the main route travel times, with a strong linear relationship existing between its mode and the fastest route provided by OpenStreetMap. We exploit this relationship to propose a more robust analysis of the travel time distribution via a mixture model with a mode-constrained first component. This approach is validated on the Helsinki-Espoo data which includes both trip durations and distances, the latter allowing to clearly identify the various trip behavior groups of the mixture model due to its lesser variability. The estimated group proportions are then confronted to those estimated from the durations as a way to validate the method. This transferable method offers urban planners a reliable tool to infer route choice without GPS data, supporting the design of cycling infrastructure and the modeling of travel demand.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2026 09:16:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2697870</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Correlates of active or car commuting in short trips: Associations of health and climate concern</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2714657</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Active commuting (walking or cycling) benefits both health and the environment, yet uptake remains limited. This study investigates the barriers and motivators of active commuting and car use among Finnish adults, using data from the cross-sectional CLIMATE NUDGE survey. The sample included full-time workers with a commute distance of 10 km or less (N = 534). Active commuting and car commuting habits were categorized to never, sometimes or always uses this commute mode for each participant. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze association of 27 factors with active commuting and car commuting. Those factors included climate change related variables, social norm, work-related factors, different subjective barriers and motivators, and a set of relevant background variables. After controlling commute distance and perceived travel duration, urban residence was associated with decreased odds of habitual car use. Health-related motivation consistently distinguished the most active commuters from the most passive ones, while climate-related concern was associated primarily with reduced car use, possibly reflecting a stronger link between environmental messaging and driving behavior in comparison to active commuting. The results emphasize the need to recognize different factors being associated with reduced car use and increased active commuting, and the multifaceted nature of motivators and barriers that shape the commute choices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 09:49:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2714657</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bicycles’ double learning: Combining organization and transport research to explain the (un)sustainable urban transport paradox in Helsinki</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720766</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During COVID, tactical urbanism was institutionalized by cities around the world to support cycling. Pop-up bike lanes became the latest representation of the sustainable transport paradigm. But in Helsinki, despite its previous transport innovations, this new policy trend remained absent. This article explores this paradoxical absence from two double perspectives: epistemic (empirical / theoretical) and disciplinary (within / outside transport research). Organizational studies are chosen as a suitable complementary discipline to transport research to explore this case study. It is operationalized combining a bottom-up, empirical, approach (stakeholders’ interviews) and a top-down, theoretical approach (finding fitting models from both disciplines: the experiential model in transport history and the paradox theory in management). The results reveal two contradictions: technical (double standards between cycling and automobility) and political (organizational contradiction between departments). This explains Helsinki’s apparent paradox as the outcome of a double learning process. Within transport, cycling learns from automobility (strategy of “cycling highways”) and within the organization, planners learn to manage the contradictions of sustainability (without resolving them). The findings are synthetized as suggesting a new hypothesis for the current trend of transport change as “involution within unsustainability”. The article thus advances interdisciplinary transportation research by combining theoretical perspectives from Organizational Studies and Sustainability Science with the empirical study of a specific transport policy case-study. Its takeaways may be used by transportation practitioners to overcome self-reinforcing cycles of organizational learning that support the status quo of automobility and unsustainable mobility in general.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 09:49:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720766</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Annual Mileage Development Over Passenger Car Age and Driving Power in Finland</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581639</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates how car age, driving power and area type affect the average annual mileage of passenger cars in Finland. For the analysis, data from the Finnish car fleet register and vehicle inspection records from 2012 to 2022 are used. The results of this study indicate that newer cars have a higher annual mileage compared to older ones. Regarding driving powers, diesel cars have the largest mileage in Finland, mainly due to the taxation system making diesel less expensive on high mileage. Battery electric vehicles on average have lower annual mileage compared to plug-in hybrid vehicles. For area types, cars have higher mileage in rural areas compared to the more urban areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies conducted in various countries and regions. The study contributes to the development of more accurate passenger car emission calculation models for Finland.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581639</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact Assessment of a Rural Tourism Mobility Service</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581633</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is to present an impact assessment of the new Apukka Shuttle Bus service in Finnish Lapland. The service was created to serve both overnight and activity customers at a remote tourist destination. Tourism mobility in rural areas is challenged e.g. by limited services and insufficient information. The new Apukka Shuttle Bus service was aimed to offer an easy and ecological access to a remote destination. The service was created in collaboration between the destination (Apukka Resort), a transport operator (Kutilan liikenne) and a Mobility as a Service operator (Matkahuolto). Based on the results the service has several benefits on user, organizational and societal levels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581633</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Barriers to Adoption of a Fully Electric Vehicle – A Study of Car Users in the Helsinki Region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581621</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Barriers to purchasing a fully electric vehicle were studied using an online survey aimed at car users located in the Helsinki region in Finland. Opinions on the significance of various barriers were asked from car users who had answered that they would not purchase a fully electric vehicle as their next car. The three barriers that would most affect their decision-making were the high purchase price of an electric vehicle, insufficient operating range on a single charge, and too few charging points in Finland outside the Helsinki and Uusimaa region. The results suggest that the desirability of a fully electric vehicle is affected not only by the availability of charging at home, or in the region where the car user lives, but also in other parts of the country where the user lives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581621</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soft Measures Speeding up the Change – Showcases from the City of Turku, Finland</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581617</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mobility Management is a concept to promote sustainable transport and manage the demand for car use by changing attitudes and behaviour through so called “soft” measures (for example, information and service provision, communication or coordination). Mobility management measures do not generally require large financial investments, tend to have a high benefit-cost ratio, and are generally well accepted by citizens. They are often used as complementary activities to other “harder” measures. The City of Turku piloted three soft measures: a digital service map and two nudges. A wide team was included in both measures right from the initial planning phase. Cities can bring together relevant actors ranging from evaluators to service design to complement the work done in topic related departments. Collaboration between different actors ensures that planned actions are not only functionally executed but also designed for diverse target groups and properly evaluated. Wide enough cooperation paves the way for future scaling of successful activities with a deeper impact on travel behaviour.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581617</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ecological Sustainability and Passengers’ Values in Mobility – A Case of Fell Lapland Region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2580147</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper studies whether and how different demographical and societal determinants affect people’s valuation of ecological sustainability in mobility. The data has been collected in Fell Lapland in the spring of 2022. The analysis is done by using multinomial logistic regression. The results show that age, certain occupations, and car ownership do affect the responses. Teacher or researcher, or expert as an occupation increases the value of ecological sustainability in responses and car ownership reduces it. The effect of the age determinant cannot be interpreted unambiguously. Other occupations, gender, tourism, being an inhabitant of the region, and obtaining a driver’s license have also been tested as determinants and found to be not significant in valuing ecological sustainability in mobility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2580147</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of prolonged GNSS jamming on a continuously operating monitoring station</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709457</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent changes in the geopolitical climate in Europe have led to increasing number of reported GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) interference incidents. Most of these incidents have been reported by civil aviation, however, the shipping industry has also suffered from the degraded availability of GNSS. The situation is challenging as these events are not transient and can last for several hours. In this paper, we discuss one such prolonged GNSS jamming event detected at one of the continuously operating monitoring stations belonging to the Finnish national monitoring station network. We show that the jamming was strong enough to cause loss of all signals at or close to the L1/E1 band, and loss of the L2 and L5 signals. However, the Galileo E5 and E6 bands were able to sustain the jamming. The station was able to provide a position fix throughout the jamming, but the accuracy was degraded by up to three orders of magnitude. Although the accuracy during the jamming is not sufficient for applications requiring high precision, it does show the advantages of utilising Multi Constellation Multi Frequency (MCMF) receivers, especially for applications where reliable availability of PVT or time synchronisation via GNSS are required.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 09:11:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709457</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Real-time on-board passenger comfort estimation in complex public transport networks with intersecting lines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679111</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Comfort on-board public transport vehicles is a critical metric of user experience and service performance. The quantification of this metric requires knowledge of the number of passengers on-board every time a vehicle arrives at or departs from a stop or station. Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) systems allow obtaining such knowledge in real-time, but the information is often incomplete due to system malfunctions, or, more commonly, a lack of the relevant equipment in some vehicles. This study develops an advanced method for passenger estimation that fills gaps in incomplete APC datasets, with computational performance allowing real-time application, and calculates comfort levels on-board public transport vehicles in complex networks where stations are served by multiple lines. The proposed method is tested on a case study considering the Helsinki commuter train network, comprising 6 service lines and 20 stations. The results indicate that the proposed framework can achieve comfort level estimations with high precision across the different cases evaluated. Furthermore, the study provides insight into the key practical question of the number of vehicles that need to be equipped with APC devices in order to obtain sufficiently accurate on-board passenger comfort estimates, and it is shown that it is possible to obtain these estimates even when only a small subset of the runs of any single day are performed by equipped vehicles. Finally, the proposed estimation approach is a valuable tool for operators to obtain a better understanding of daily mobility patterns, evaluate their services through quantifying user experience, and enhance their operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 13:22:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679111</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The ‘so-called’ one-hour train: Media discourses and governance of the Helsinki–Turku Rail Project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679701</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Large-scale infrastructure projects (LIPs) are often framed as iconic national achievements, yet they frequently involve cost overruns and contested regional impacts. This study examines media coverage of the Helsinki–Turku (One-Hour Train) project to explore how legitimacy is constructed in multi-level regional governance. Drawing on post-Actor-Network Theory media scholarship, framing, and agenda-setting perspectives, the analysis treats media not as passive observers but as co-producers of legitimacy, shaping public perception and influencing governance decisions. Empirical findings reveal that coverage selectively amplifies political priorities, obscures alternative regional strategies, and stabilizes project narratives while marginalizing local concerns. Theoretically, the study contributes to understanding LIPs as socially and materially mediated phenomena, highlighting the role of media infrastructures in producing legitimacy across scales. Practically, the findings emphasise the need for transparent, regionally sensitive communication and strengthened parliamentary oversight to balance symbolic ambition with equitable and cost-effective governance. The study also shows how media discourses shape public accountability and the political geography of infrastructure decisions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:13:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679701</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Impact of Reforms Supported by the Recovery and Resilience Facility in the Area of Sustainable Mobility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2674273</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) Regulation (OJEU, 2021), launched in February 2021 as part of the EU’s NextGenerationEU initiative, is a large-scale response to the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Running until the end of 2026, it aims to help the Member States recover while strengthening resilience and advancing green and digital transitions. As the EU’s first major performance-based funding program, it ties financial support to progress on reforms and investments outlined in national Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs), aligned with EU priorities and country-specific recommendations. As per the tender specifications, the contractor was first asked to provide an overview and evaluation of the different approaches and/or analytical frameworks used to quantify the mitigation and economic impacts of reforms under the RRF related to sustainable mobility. Secondly, the study aimed to analyse the climate mitigation impacts of selected reforms and to provide a disaggregated quantification for at least three of the selected reforms by 2030 based on near term data if available. Lastly, the study aimed to establish a comparative analysis of at least three selected implemented RRF reforms regarding the mobilisation of private financing for the investment, across the member states concerned by the selected reforms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 08:32:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2674273</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>