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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Study on the effect of structural optimization of TCD combustion chamber on engine performance under plateau environment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The geometry of diesel engine combustion chamber directly affects the fuel atomization and combustion process. In order to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations, this study took a certain model of diesel engine as the object, and used AVL FIRE 2020 R1 software to optimize the geometry of the prototype ω-type combustion chamber under the premise of unchanged compression ratio (CR). A TCD (T: turbocharged, C: charger air cooling, D: diesel particulate filter) combustion chamber with center boss structure and protrusion structure was designed, and the structural parameters of the TCD combustion chamber were further optimized. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to analyze the effects of different combustion chamber geometries on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines. The results show that the combustion performance of the TCD combustion chamber is mainly affected by the combustion chamber diameter. Too large or too small a combustion chamber diameter will reduce the indicated power. The indicated power of the optimized TCD combustion chamber is 0.98% higher than that before optimization, and 8.26% higher than that of the ω-type combustion chamber. In addition, the soot emissions of the optimized TCD combustion chamber are reduced by 67.33% compared with the design before optimization, and 88.46% compared with the ω-type combustion chamber.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:58:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691727</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A Quantitative Approach for Mapping and Assessing Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration Events in Diesel Engines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692212</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) is crucial for maintaining the performance of diesel engines and minimizing harmful particulate matter (PM) emissions from exhaust. However, conventional regeneration strategies often suffer from incomplete soot removal and inefficient monitoring. These issues lead to increased exhaust back pressure, reducing engine efficiency, and potentially damaging the particulate filter. In this paper, an approach is proposed for mapping and quantifying the real-world DPF regeneration process for diesel engines complying with the stringent emission standards. We introduce a novel metric, the differential pressure drop percentage (DPDP), to detect regeneration events and quantify soot burn quality. The proposed method utilizes real-time sensor data obtained through the vehicle’s On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) system. The algorithm processes sensor data and robustly maps the regeneration quality. The performance of regeneration event detection and soot burn quality has been validated based on diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) raised by the engine control unit (ECU). Our proposed method demonstrates that predictive maintenance can be used to manage strategies for diesel exhaust after-treatment systems, which can effectively reduce increased maintenance costs and operational downtime.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692212</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Current and Next-Gen Diesel Particulate Filter Performance for US EPA MY27+ LD/MD Particulate Mass Emissions Regulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692208</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Diesel particulate filters (DPF) have been part of vehicle after-treatment solutions in the US since being adopted in 2007 as the “go-to” solution for meeting particulate mass (PM) standards as set by the EPA for HD diesel engines. Within the highly popular LD/MD truck segment, defined as trucks weighing between 8501lb-14000lb, these limits have seen additional reduction in PM levels to 8 or 10 mg/mile as these vehicles have transitioned mostly over to chassis-based certification since 2014-2017. However, these reductions in PM requirements have been relatively minor, allowing for DPF technology used on these platforms to remain mostly unchanged over the same time period.With the finalization of MY27+ LD/MD vehicle emissions standards; PM limits are now set to make significant reductions down to 0.5 mg/mile, with phase-in to be completed by MY31. While the new limits present significant challenges for gasoline vehicles and most likely will require the use of gasoline particulate filter (GPF), this additional reduction of up to 95% for diesel vehicles may also require technology advancements of the DPF in order to meet compliance targets.The goal of this study was to evaluate the capability of current DPF technology along with other state-of-the-art DPF technologies to meet the new Tier 4 limits. Test conditions were run under both normal operation and active-regeneration certification-cycle conditions to be able to properly calculate a final PM result with IRAF (infrequent regeneration adjustment factor), as both test conditions have a tremendous impact on the final reported result. A combination of engine-based and vehicle-based (modern T3B170 HDV diesel truck) test measurements were used to complete the initial assessment for this evaluation.This report will show that advanced DPFs can deliver high PM filtration efficiency along with other system level improvements, positioning them well as one solution to meet the upcoming US EPA 0.5 mg/mile PM limit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692208</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AirCARE: Assessing the Impact of an Integrated Air Purification System on Vehicle Thermal Management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691990</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increasing concentration of atmospheric pollutants in urban environments necessitates innovative solutions to mitigate their impact on public health and the environment. This work presents the AirCARE project, which investigates the integration of a catalytic converter and a particulate filter with a vehicle's radiator to create an active air purification system. The primary objective is to evaluate the feasibility and performance implications of this integrated system on the vehicle's thermal management. A comprehensive methodology combining computational modeling and experimental testing was employed. A 1D longitudinal vehicle model was developed to simulate the powertrain's heat generation and the cooling system's performance under various representative driving conditions. This model allows for a parametric study of the radiator, assessing the impact of the additional components on its heat exchange efficiency. Concurrently, experimental tests were conducted on a radiator to measure the pressure drop across the integrated filter and to validate the heat exchange performance predicted by the simulations. This paper focuses on the results from the vehicle and component-level simulations and the corresponding experimental validation of the radiator's fluid-dynamic and thermal behavior. The results provide a quantitative analysis of the trade-offs between the potential for pollutant abatement and the constraints imposed on the vehicle's cooling system. The study identifies key design parameters and operating conditions that influence system performance, offering insights for optimizing the integration. The findings demonstrate the technical considerations required to implement such a system without compromising vehicle safety and performance, establishing a foundation for the future development of vehicles as mobile air purification platforms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691990</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Gasoline Particulate Filter (GPF) OBD Monitoring Requirements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691989</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the collaborative efforts of the USCAR GPF OBD Working Group to evaluate and recommend On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) monitoring requirements for Gasoline Particulate Filters (GPFs). The group, comprising representatives from major OEMs, aims to establish a unified understanding of GPF monitoring capabilities and propose regulatory recommendations to CARB. The paper outlines the physics of soot generation and oxidation, regulatory interpretations, and diagnostic strategies, culminating in a proposed framework for GPF OBD compliance. The material in this paper was previously presented at the 2024 SAE OBD Symposium [1].]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691989</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proposal of a Compact Aftertreatment System Integrating Exhaust Gas Adsorption, Conversion and Particle Filtration Functions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658362</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An exhaust aftertreatment system with high performance and compact is required to meet stringent emission regulations and to reduce installation space. In this research, we have proposed a functionally integrated exhaust aftertreatment structure, in which three-way catalyst particles and hydrocarbon adsorbent particles are layered on a wall-flow monolith. In this report, a concept of exhaust gas purification of this aftertreatment structure was demonstrated. In addition, the performance of a double layer membrane filter with porous three-way catalyst particle and zeolite exchanged with silver ions as HC adsorbent was evaluated for cold start conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 10:11:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658362</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance of cabin air filters used in waste collection trucks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676110</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Exposures to traffic-related emissions are known to be responsible for diseases and increased mortality. Waste collection truck (WCT) drivers spend most of their time in microenvironments contaminated by these emissions and are also exposed to some pathogenic bioaerosols. To prevent WCT driver exposure, the cabin air filter (CAF) appears as a useful piece of equipment. No standard prescribing CAF efficiency levels for general or professional use was developed. Existing test procedures overlook particles smaller than 300 nm, such as diesel soot or certain bioaerosols, and no previous study has specifically addressed WCT cabin air filters or their clogging under real waste collection conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate for a range of particle sizes including ultrafine particles (UFPs), the collection efficiency and pressure drop of the CAF media used in WCTs and to study their evolution after clogging under real waste collection conditions. All the tested CAF models exhibited the typical U-shape curve of fractional collection efficiency with low to medium minimum collection efficiency ranging between 1.3% and 42.5%, depending on the filtration velocity. Statistical analysis indicated that CAF media are relatively homogeneous across their filtration area and that variations in efficiency and pressure drop were mainly due to differences in clogging levels or initial state conditions. Compared to data available for private vehicles, CAF clogging appears to be more severe under waste collection conditions. Given the diversity of particulate contaminants, the low to moderate performances of current CAFs, and the exposure of WCT drivers, this study highlights the need for improved and more-reliable protection. It is therefore essential to develop specific regulations or standards for CAFs, including systematic measurements of fractional collection efficiency over a broad particle size range, from UFPs to micron-sized particles. The issue of preventive CAF replacement should also be addressed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:44:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676110</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advancing the Use of DWTR in Stormwater Treatment Features to Enhance Phosphorus Removal for Transportation Projects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659359</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stormwater runoff from urban areas threatens water quality and ecosystems around the world. For freshwater ecosystems, phosphorus (P) is often a primary concern, as excess P loading can cause eutrophication, symptoms of which include harmful algal blooms and oxygen depletion. Dissolved P forms are taken up by primary producers and are therefore a particular concern for water quality. To mitigate these threats, stormwater control measures are often employed to reduce P loading. Sand filters are a type of stormwater management practice that primarily function to trap particulates and thereby reduce downstream sediment and P loads. However, sand filters typically exhibit a negligible capacity to retain dissolved P forms, due to low P sorption capacity of sand. To target both particulate and dissolved P species in stormwater, a P-sorbing material amendment can be added to sand filter media to increase P sorption capacity. This project examined the use of alum-based drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs), a waste byproduct of drinking water treatment plants, to enhance P removal in sand filter media. The research centered on a field study to determine stormwater P load reductions provided by DWTR-amended sand filters in transportation projects under real-world conditions. Two stormwater sand filters enhanced with DWTRs (3-5% of the sand layer by volume) were monitored from Fall 2022 to Spring 2024 in Chittenden County, Vermont. One filter receives runoff from a small catchment (1.8 acres) at a residential site (A) and the other from a larger catchment (4.5 acres) in an industrial/commercial area (B). The composition of influent stormwater was markedly different between sites, dominated by dissolved P at the residential site, and mostly particulate P at the more industrial/commercial site. Due to this difference in influent water quality, >99% of the total P removed at the residential sand filter was in the form of dissolved P, while only 4% of the total P load removed at the industrial/commercial site was dissolved P. Because removal of dissolved P by sand filters tends to be negligible, the dissolved P load reductions observed at both sites are likely attributable to the DWTRs. Overall, the two systems reduced total P loads by 65-78% during the monitored events. This field study indicates that including DWTRs in sand filter media is an effective way to couple both physical and chemical P removal mechanisms and thereby enhance water quality improvement performance. We provide guidance on future use of DWTRs in stormwater infrastructure based on our findings. We also present stormwater chloride data from the monitored events, which can be used in future efforts to assess road salt effects on stormwater characteristics in Vermont.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 08:39:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659359</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Minskad spridning av mikroplastpartiklar från däckslitage : åtgärder på fordon, på väg samt i den vägnära miljön</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666540</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Microplastic particles from tyre wear are estimated to be one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions in Sweden and globally. These particles can accumulate in the environment as they are toxic and difficult to degrade. They can be transported via air, water and snow, and spread in the ground. The spread can pose risks to ecosystems and human health, which justifies measures to reduce emissions and spread. The purpose of this report is to compile knowledge about measures aimed at reducing the spread of microplastic particles from tyre wear to the roadside environment. The focus is on techniques and strategies that are relevant to and can be implemented in a Swedish context. The method is based on a literature review, but above all on results from research projects that have been funded and carried out in collaboration with the Swedish Transport Administration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 08:33:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666540</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Calibration Strategies to Overcome the Challenges for Naturally Aspirated Off-Highway Engines for TREM V Emissions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663548</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The transition to TREM V emission norms presents significant challenges for naturally aspirated (NA) off-highway engines. Off-highway applications like construction and agriculture segments require high load variability and extended duty cycles with increased BMEP resulting in high PM emissions, and increased exhaust temperatures with lower lambda levels. Given the cost-competitive nature of the segment, it also requires designing leaner intake and exhaust system. To overcome above mentioned challenges, holistic calibration strategies need to be adapted during development phase.To meet TREM V emission norms, solutions like advanced combustion, high-pressure fuel injection, EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), and optimized calibration had to be explored along with aftertreatment systems like Diesel Particulate Filters and Diesel oxidation catalysts. Implementation of aftertreatment systems for TREM V pre-dominantly with naturally aspirated engines will result in challenges associated to soot accumulation and thermal management.This paper attempts to examine, the key technical challenges coming from the market towards use of large implements and heavy soil with NA engine demanding high BMEP, and challenges associated to aftertreatment system due to low operating lambda, smoke emissions and high exhaust gas temperature under different use cases. The research identifies the strategies, such as optimized air-fuel management, optimal specific soot load adaptation and multistage thermal control, to enhance system safety and reliability. Ultimately, the paper provides a strategic roadmap for industry stakeholders to achieve TREM V emissions while ensuring durability, efficiency, and economic viability in off-highway applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 16:36:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663548</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leveraging AI/ML Algorithms for Analyzing Fleet Vehicles In-Use Performance Ratio Monitoring Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663399</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent times, the governments are pushing for stringent emission regulations. These regulations call for reduction of pollutants as well as monitoring of engine components which are critical for emission control. Monitoring these emission critical engine components are to be done in real world driving conditions. The In-Use Performance Ratio Monitoring (IUPRm) framework quantifies how often onboard diagnostic systems check these components within defined boundaries for each vehicle. IUPRm is divided into several monitoring groups like catalyst monitoring, oxygen sensor monitoring, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) monitoring, gasoline particulate filter monitoring and others. These groups are differentiated based on fuel type, engine technologies and exhaust treatment system configurations. For an Automotive manufacturer analyzing these parameters across large vehicle fleets is a complex and data intensive task. To address this, a user-friendly application was developed in-house, which includes the new method based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms for automating complex IUPRm Data analysis. This method contains techniques, such as structured decision tree based classification and rule based logic algorithms for automating classification of vehicles into a particular OBD family from a large and mixed fleet data and filtering all anomalies in the data. The K-Means clustering along with the elbow logic, groups the vehicles with similar IUPRm ratios and checks if selected vehicles meets the compliance requirement. This application enables to automate and speed up large scale IUPRm data analysis by reducing manual effort and enhancing overall efficiency. The newly developed method also provides automated reports. This paper explains selection and working principles of different algorithms and techniques used in development of this application for efficient IUPRm monitoring.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 16:36:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663399</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reusable oil-coated hierarchical structures for passive urban particulate matter mitigation: A high-traffic road case study in Strasbourg, France</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618905</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is a significant public health concern in urban areas. This study evaluates a novel, passive air filtration prototype installed along a high-traffic ring road in Strasbourg, France. The filtration process focuses on a porous polyester fiber matrix coated with a thin layer of vegetable oil. Over a 14-week period, the prototype achieved a total PM capture rate of up to 84 ± 6 g·m ⁻³. Chemical analysis revealed that the majority of trapped particles originated from tire and pavement abrasion, with a minor contribution from metallic particles from the brake system. The filtration performance can be varied with meteorological conditions, which was explained by the use of weather monitoring and interpolation models. Regression models further demonstrated an influence of the oil viscosity on the captured PM quantity. Compared to existing passive air filtration systems, this concept offers a material with a very low-pressure drop, a critical factor for passive performance, enhanced by the coating liquid layer. Furthermore, the system addresses practical deployment challenges through its washability and reusability, significantly reducing waste associated with PM collection after filtration. These findings underscore the potential of this low-maintenance, scalable passive filtration concept for targeted PM exposure reduction near roadways and in sensitive urban settings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 14:44:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618905</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improving Vehicle Cabin Air Quality in Daily Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652182</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Drivers and passengers are exposed to traffic-related air pollutants during their ride. This exposure can be high even for a short ride if the driving route includes highly urbanized areas with a large amount of traffic. Unfortunately, the public is vulnerable to this type of exposure in the absence of proper regulations for vehicle cabin air quality. This project aims to assess the effectiveness of portable purifiers and adsorption type cabin filters and establish a test method. First, the study will conduct a survey on portable air purifiers and to identify widely used products. Second, the project team will evaluate the effectiveness of air purifiers when used inside vehicle cabin compared to the existing vehicle cabin filter for particles. Third, the project team will evaluate the effectiveness of air purifiers and adsorption type cabin filters for a gaseous pollutant—nitrogen dioxide—in vehicle cabin conditions. Fourth, the project team will develop a lab-test set-up to specifically evaluate the effectiveness of adsorption type cabin filters. This project will help mitigate the adverse health effects of traffic-related air pollution by reducing their concentrations in vehicle cabins using advanced filters or portable air purifiers.    ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2026 14:25:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652182</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating the Macrocrack Self-Healing Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt Incorporating Cigarette Filters as Microwave-Absorbing Additives</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Self-healing technology in asphalt mixtures offers significant potential for reducing construction, repair, and maintenance costs. While microcrack self-healing has been extensively studied, macrocrack self-healing remains largely unexplored. This study evaluates the use of discarded cigarette filters, containing heavy metals, as microwave-absorbing additives in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) to enhance macrocrack self-healing. Two incorporation methods, wet and dry mixing, were investigated. The semicircular bending (SCB) test, performed at 25°C and −12°C, assessed the self-healing performance using indices such as peak load (FMax) for microcracks, and fracture energy (Gf), crack resistance index (CRI), toughness index (TI), and balanced cracking index (BCI) for macrocracks. Results showed a 22% increase in Gf and significant improvements in BCI and TI by 25 and 22%, respectively, at 25°C with wet mixing. The wet mixing method demonstrated superior self-healing performance compared to the dry mixing method. Statistical analysis confirmed the significant effects of the mixing method and cigarette filter content on the TI and BCI indices. In addition, self-healing performance was better at 25°C compared to −12°C. Incorporating cigarette filters into SMA offers dual environmental and performance benefits, providing a sustainable solution for asphalt durability and waste management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 08:59:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620547</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Analysis of Hydrocarbon Injection Strategies and In-Cylinder Injection Impact on Oil Properties in Diesel Engines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2624026</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The engine has played a pivotal role in controlling regulated pollutants at the in-cylinder combustion level through strategies such as Direct Injection, Common Rail Systems, and Exhaust Gas Recirculation up to Bharat (CEV/Trem) Stage-III. With the advent of more stringent emission norms, specifically Bharat (CEV/Trem) Stage-IV and V, the importance of Exhaust After-Treatment Systems (EATS) in managing emissions outside the engine has significantly increased. The inclusion of Particulate Number (PN) limits in Bharat (CEV/Trem) Stage-V necessitates the use of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), which trap soot particles that must be periodically removed through a process known as regeneration. Regeneration requires elevated exhaust temperatures, typically achieved via exothermic reactions in the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), facilitated by diesel fuel addition through external injection or in-cylinder injection strategies. This study investigates both external and in-cylinder injection mechanisms, proposing an optimal system tailored to the intended vehicle application. During regeneration, late post-injections, especially those with retarded timing and increased fuel quantities, can lead to fuel dilution in engine oil, adversely affecting the oil properties and oil drain intervals. Experimental investigations were conducted on an engine test bench to evaluate the impact of post-injection parameters on fuel burn fraction, regeneration temperatures, and engine oil characteristics. Optimal parameter values were derived to balance regeneration efficiency and oil integrity. Additionally, real-world vehicle trials across different terrains and duty cycles were performed using the optimized post-injection parameters to assess the oil dilution effects on key oil properties such as kinematic viscosity, Total Base Number (TBN), and Total Acid Number (TAN). The results demonstrate that with optimized post-injection parameters, engine oil degradation remains within acceptable limits, supporting the target oil drain interval. Although wear element traces (e.g., Fe, Cu, Al) showed an increase, their concentrations remained within the oil specification thresholds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 08:57:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2624026</guid>
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