<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Bridging S-N Method and Fracture Mechanics in Fatigue Evaluation of Fillet Welded T Joints of an Oil Tanker</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2610734</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fatigue failure in fillet welded T joints is a critical concern for marine vessels, particularly for oil tankers which are constantly exposed to fluctuating loads in harsh sea environments. This paper explores the fatigue performance of those joints through a combined approach involving the hotspot stress method and fracture mechanics. The study followed the design provisions of Eurocode 3 for application of loads. Finite element analysis was used to calculate the hotspot stresses which were then applied in the S-N fatigue assessment. In addition, crack propagation of the joints was modeled using FRANC 2D with application of Paris Law. The objective is to predict fatigue life at critical locations susceptible to cyclic loading and verify whether the joints meet the code-specified design resistance. Under ship’s actual design load, the joints are expected to sustain more than 2.5 million cycles which is significantly exceeding Eurocode based estimation (as low as 0.5 million cycles) reflecting the conservative nature of Eurocode. The fatigue life under the simulation of crack closely aligns with the S-N prediction and previously published experimental findings, lending confidence to robustness and validating the accuracy of the adopted methods. Ultimately, the study identifies the fatigue critical zones with clarity and offers a practical framework for assessing the durability and safety of the welded joints in marine structures, contributing to the development of more reliable fatigue resistant designs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 08:44:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2610734</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fatigue Strength of Fillet-Welded Transverse Stiffeners with Undercuts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2570763</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Presently, wrapping of the welds at the ends of stiffeners is not done to avoid the undercutting of the stiffener corners and the attendant weld repair. The fatigue performance of stiffeners with undercuts was evaluated in a factorial design fatigue experiment. Undercuts at the flange edge and filling of the stiffener cope with the fillet weld were also evaluated. The undercuts did not influence the fatigue performance of the stiffener weld even when very large undercuts were purposely introduced. Filling of the cope with a continuous weld and flange undercuts also did not change the fatigue performance of the connection. Wrapping of welds in locations where corrosion at the stiffener to plate interface may occur should be allowed. The undercuts in the stiffener that may result are not of any consequence and may be left in place. Covering the stiffener cope by continuing the fillet weld is an alternate method of sealing the weld.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Aug 2025 16:09:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2570763</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Fillet Welds Properties Performed by Cold Metal Transfer Robotic Metal Active Gas Welding Technology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475204</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article is the result of research evaluating the quality of fillet welds used in the production of rear seat backrests for passenger cars and manufactured robotically by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) robotic Metal Active Gas (MAG) welding. When robotizing the process, parameters such as the speed of the process itself, accuracy and quality of the welded joints are important. Dual-phase ferritic-martensitic steel HCX 590X was used for the experiment and four weld nodes were evaluated. The quality of welded joints was evaluated by visual and capil-lary methods. Based on the metallographic analysis, the weld depth of the weld root was evaluated. The measured values were subsequently processed by statistical method ANalysis Of Variance (ANOVA). The research confirmed that the final quality of the welds depends on the depth of the weld root weld into the Base Material (BM). This parameter has the greatest effect on the welds made and results in the entire product being taken out of service.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Dec 2024 17:02:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475204</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Finite Element Analysis of the Stress and Life of Cylindrical Bearing Roller of High-Speed Railway Motor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article uses the contact theory to conduct a dynamic analysis of the cylindrical roller bearing firstly, describes the contact relationship between the roller and the inner and outer rings, and derives the calculation model of the fatigue life, then conducts finite element dynamic simulation based on ANSYS to establish the rigidity model of the bearing. Analyze the distribution of stress and deformation of the inner ring, outer ring and roller of the four kinds of rollers, and use nCode to calculate the damage and fatigue life of the bearing. The results show that a reasonable roller fillet can fully alleviate the end effect of the roller, disperse the load of the bearing, and increase the service life of the bearing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2023 09:11:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113911</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Feasibility Study on Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods to Characterize Weld Defects in Railroad Tank Cars</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2095013</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Under the sponsorship and support of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), with participation from the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of advanced nondestructive evaluation (NDE) equipment, NDE service providers, and other research institutions, conducted a feasibility study of applying advanced NDE methods to detect and characterize weld defects in railroad tank cars. Researchers evaluated the performance/capability of various state-of-the-art advanced NDE techniques for fatigue crack detection and characterization in railroad tank car butt welds and fillet welds. The team determined that advanced NDE methods could detect toe fatigue cracks with acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while demonstrating challenges with accurate flaw sizing. Further, based on the false positive results obtained from this study, the team found that detailed attention and efforts are required to reduce the false positive rate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 08 Jan 2023 18:06:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2095013</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DOT-117 Tank Car Flaw Library Development for Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2058573</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tank car nondestructive evaluation (NDE) research efforts by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Association of American Railroads (AAR) are focused on increasing the safety and reliability of fusion welded tank cars for rail transportation. In a FRA-funded study started in October 2019, researchers at Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) created a new set of master gage test panels for DOT-117 tank cars and expanded the tank car flaw library at FRA’s Transportation Technology Center (TTC) near Pueblo, CO. Standardized tank car defect samples are essential for qualifying the NDE methods used for tank car inspection. For this phase, six sets of new butt welds, fillet welds, and corrosion master gage (MG) test panels were created from one of the DOT-117 tank cars. These panels included Electrical Discharge Machined (EDM) notches of various shapes, sizes, and orientations created at the toe of the welds to simulate corrosion on the tank car shells. Several NDE methods were used to characterize the notches and corrosion on these MG test panels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Nov 2022 17:11:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2058573</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of Crack Propagation Behaviors in a Fillet Welded Joint Employing X-FEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1875830</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A fillet welded joint has been used for ship and offshore structures. During the welding process, unwelded parts remain in the structure. When a crack propagates from the web plate to the joint across the unwelded part, interesting crack propagation (CP) phenomena, i.e., crack front separation and crack coalescing, were observed. In the present study, three-dimensional CP simulation is carried out to carefully investigate the fracture behaviors. X-FEM, a powerful computational fracture mechanics analysis method, is adopted. A crack option in an open source CAE software Code Aster is chosen. It is found that a modification is needed to analyze the complicated fracture behaviors appropriately. The analysis control file and source code have been modified to improve accuracy for the evaluation of fracture mechanics parameter and crack path. With the present approach, the complicated fracture phenomena can be solved effectively. The fracture behavior is discussed well with the crack trajectories and history of the fracture mechanics parameters for the propagating crack.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Oct 2021 17:21:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1875830</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of easement geometry on rail end fillet stress at bolted rail joints for transit track</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1866617</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Continuously welded rail (CWR) has become more popular than bolted joints because of the advantages of continuous geometry and stiffness and the resulting maintenance savings. Due to a variety of reasons, a considerable number of bolted joints are still in service in rail transit systems. With the high frequency of impact loads, rail at bolted joints are vulnerable to defects, such as cracking and head-web separation that could lead to more drastic failures and consequences (i.e. derailments, etc.). To prolong the service life of joint bars and rails, rail-end easements in the center of the bar were proposed and became standard in some freight rail companies. However, the effectiveness of a joint bar easement largely depends on the geometry of the easement. Therefore, the easement designed for freight track may not be effective for rail transit infrastructure. Further, the effect of easement geometry has not been thoroughly investigated and documented. Therefore, this study investigates the stress distribution at the rail end bolt-hole and upper fillet areas for joint bars with different easement geometries through a parametric analysis performed with Finite Element (FE) modeling. The FE model used in this study was developed specifically to study rail joints and was validated through full-scale laboratory testing. Results from this study show that a deeper easement yields lower contact stresses, while a longer easement does not necessarily reduce the contact stresses with the studied combination of rails and bolted joints for transit track. An easement may reduce the service life of the joint if the geometry of the easement is not properly engineered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Sep 2021 09:30:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1866617</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Historical Non-Destructive Evaluation Probability of Detection Data for Railroad Tank Cars</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1846483</link>
      <description><![CDATA[From 1996 to 2016, Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) analyzed historical probability of detection (POD) data for the fusion welded tank car butt welds (BW) and fillet welds (FW) inspection using Code of Federal Regulation (CFR)-approved nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. The research team analyzed a total of 197 POD datasets (i.e., for both the BW and FW) using 3 different statistical approaches: traditional statistics, logistic regression based maximum likelihood estimate approach, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) design of experiment POD (DOEPOD). The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsored this work and the railroad tank car industry participated by evaluating the capabilities of currently CFR-approved NDE methods on the railroad tank cars welds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2021 17:16:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1846483</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>New LTT Welding Material and All-Position Repair Welding with Elongated Bead for Super-Long Fatigue Life of Boxing Fillet Joints</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1844463</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this work is to obtain the supper long fatigue life of boxing fillet joints through simple repair welding. Firstly, based on the numerical simulation technology, an elongated bead method was developed and practically all position welding conditions suitable in ship yards were tested. Then, a low transformation temperature (LTT) welding wire having optimal phase transformation characteristics for generation of large compressive residual stresses was designed and manufactured, which is capable to all position welding using the low cost CO₂ shield gas. Compared with the conventional fatigue life of boxing fillet joints, the new elongated bead method using the newly manufactured LTT flux cored welding wire extended the fatigue life to more than 10 times at the joint by flat welding and 3-8 times at the joints by overhead welding, horizontal welding and vertical welding, respectively.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Apr 2021 17:48:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1844463</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Accurate FE Computation for Out-of-plane Welding Distortion Prediction of Fillet Welding with Considering Self-Constraint</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1667117</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Inherent deformation as key parameter plays an essential role in elastic finite element (FE) analysis for welding distortion prediction. In this study, the self-constraints supported by surrounding base material and lateral stiffener were presented, where their influences on magnitudes of inherent deformation components were qualitatively examined. In detail, self-constraint supported by the surrounding base material will distinguish the inherent deformation as an individual physical representation; and self-constraint supported by the lateral stiffener will significantly influence the bending component and final deformed mode. Taking into account fillet welding and orthogonal stiffened welded structure as the application, experiments were conducted for out-of-plane welding distortion measurement. Transient nonlinear thermal elastic-plastic FE analysis of fillet welding was carried out to evaluate inherent deformation after validation with the measured data; then, elastic FE analysis with inherent deformation was carried out to accurately predict the out-of-plane welding distortion and welding buckling behavior in fabrication of an orthogonal stiffened welded structure which is a part of typical ship panel, and there is a good agreement between the predicted and measured welding distortion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Dec 2019 16:24:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1667117</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Task 1 Final Report - Overhead Sign Failure Investigation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1649112</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A variety of structural supports exist to mount signs along highways. One type of support is a truss that spans the width of the highway that allows for the placement of overhead signs. These trusses are subject primarily to wind and gravity loads. The connections between the chords and the diagonals are typical fillet welded. Fillet welds are a fatigue prone detail and the welding potentially can leave a heat affected zone which affects the strength of the joints and the members. A truss with severe cracking near Obetz, Ohio was identified by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) and removed from  service. Research team  members inspected the trusses in the field on March 14, 2018 after they were removed from service. The cracking was mapped and elements of the truss including cracked and undamaged joints were removed from the truss and transported to the University of Toledo. The primary objectives of this study were: (1) Determine the cause(s) of the failure; (2) Determine the nature and extent of load forces acting upon the truss; and (3) Propose to the ODOT recommendations based upon these findings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Sep 2019 09:44:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1649112</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Heat Source Modeling for FCAW of Fillet Joints using Artificial Neural Networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1583737</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present work deals with the prediction of heat source parameters of Goldak’s double ellipsoidal model for flux cored arc welded fillet joints through an artificial neural network (ANN). Extensive experiments were carried out on low-carbon mild steel plates of thickness ranging from 3 mm to 10 mm. In each case, welding current (I), voltage (V), and speed () were recorded as the welding parameters. The flux cored arc welding of fillet joint was carried out using 100% CO₂ as the shielding gas. This work is based on the simple and fundamental presumption that the weld pool is the primary source of heat which is delivered from the welding arc. Therefore, the magnitude and distribution of heat can be defined through the weld pool dimensions. Hence, these dimensions were directly considered for determining the heat source ellipsoid parameters. These parameters, namely, front double ellipsoidal length (C f), rear double ellipsoidal length (C r), half-width of the heat source (a), and depth of the heat source (b) were measured from the welded specimens. Furthermore, the ANN model was trained and tested for the prediction of the heat source parameters. The ANN predicted data were in good agreement with the measured values. Subsequently, the ANN model was used to predict the parametric dimensions of the double ellipsoidal heat source model for a set of welding parameters. The temperature history numerically computed with the ANN-predicted parametric dimensions of the double ellipsoidal heat source model compared very well with the measured data. The proposed ANN structure, therefore, can be gainfully used as a tool for the prediction of parametric dimensions of the double ellipsoidal heat source model in case of gas metal arc welding with 100% CO₂ as the shielding medium for a plate thickness range of 3‐10 mm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1583737</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aerodynamics of a stay cable with helical fillets - Part I: Stability and load characteristics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1580634</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aerodynamic behaviour of a bridge stay cable with helical fillets in smooth flow at high Reynolds numbers is presented in this paper. The cable response and related sectional load characteristics were studied experimentally on a 1:1 scale cable section model. The studies showed that a cable with helical fillets inclined 60° to the flow could experience large amplitude wind induced vibrations and that the occurrence of vibrations were highly dependent on cable surface irregularities. The ambition is not to explain fully the excitation mechanism, but to present global and local influences of the helical fillets on the flow field. It was revealed that the flow field around the cable shifted between semi-stable transition states which took place when the transition from laminar to turbulent flow propagated from the free shear layers to the boundary layer. The transitions would form locally and spread along the cable axis. The helical fillet appeared to dominate the local flow structures when located at an angular position between 40° and 130° from the stagnation region. In the stagnation and base regions, the surface irregularities appeared to dominate. Furthermore, the helical fillets displaced the mean stagnation line. The application of quasi-steady theory with the measurement data available appeared not to be able to explain the vibrations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Mar 2019 13:23:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1580634</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aerodynamics of a stay cable with helical fillets - Part II: Fluctuating load and wake characteristics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1580633</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the fluctuating load and wake characteristics of a bridge stay cable model with helical fillets in smooth flow at high Reynolds numbers. Over the Reynolds numbers tested, the frequency content of the lift coefficient in individual pressure tap rings, was dominated by low frequencies. At lower Reynolds numbers, these were caused by single separation bubble instabilities. At smaller spectral magnitudes, a vortex shedding process was observed, with a local Strouhal number dependent on the angular position of the helical fillet nearly normal to flow. For the average over the four rings, the low frequencies cancelled out, and left a high frequency vortex shedding process with a Strouhal number of 0.19 as the prominent load. The Strouhal number was maintained throughout the Reynolds number range tested. In dynamic tests, the pressure distribution was found to periodically rotate relative to the cable circumference at the natural frequency of the cable. Also, when observing the velocity components in the wake, a periodic motion of the wake synchronized with the cable motion was revealed. In static tests, the wake field instantly displaced towards the same side as the lift force generated by the asymmetric pressure distribution during boundary layer instabilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Mar 2019 13:23:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1580633</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>