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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Seeing like a train: the viapolitics of emergency mobilities during Russia’s war against Ukraine</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663150</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article investigates the role of trains and railway infrastructure in Ukraine as a critical component of the emergency mobility of Ukraine’s population following the Russian full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022. Applying the concept of viapolitics, it explores how the railways became more than just a means of transport during the war, instead symbolising solidarity, struggle, privilege, and hope. The research situates Ukrainian railway mobilities within post-colonial and post-socialist contexts, examining how the infrastructures, rooted in Soviet-era practices, have been repurposed amid military aggression. Drawing on data from news reports, human rights organisations, and personal testimonies, the paper analyses the complex and multifaceted role of rail transport in the war context. The article reveals how emergency mobility, mediated through railways and political action, brings together spatial and temporal dimensions – linking Ukraine’s Soviet past, post-socialist independence, renewed Russian imperialism, and aspirations for a European future. These historical and geopolitical layers intertwine with the population’s self-organisation and resilience, while also colliding within the railway’s diverse vehicular and infrastructural meanings of mobility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 11:56:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663150</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Survey of Railroad AC Electrification Systems Throughout the World</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1480108</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the major features of various railroad electrification schemes for supplying the catenary from the source of power for ac operation. These features include: details of the power source, high-voltage substation connections, substation details, catenary-to-substation connections, track sectioning methods, and any other special electrification features. The ten countries surveyed for this report are: United States, United Kingdom, France, U.S.S.R., Japan, Federal Republic of Germany (W. Germany), Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and South Africa. This report is a compilation of available literature and is not an assessment or analysis of any electrified railroad system. The basic electrification parameters, as well as the similarities between systems are presented in the conclusions. Further work using this report as a basis is suggested in the recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Aug 2017 11:15:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1480108</guid>
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      <title>Soviet Precast Prestressed Construction for Airfields</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1428967</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Soviet Union used precast concrete slabs as routine pavement construction for roads and airfields and standardized the PAG-XVIII slab for airfields. These 2m x 6 m x 18 cm slabs are prestressed longitudinally and provide excellent load carrying capacity. In fact, an airfield in Uzbekistan supported intense US Air Force C-17 aircraft operations for several years without any structural distress. These slabs were even the thinner PAG-XIV slabs rather than the more robust PAG XVIII slabs (14-cm thick rather than 18 cm). Past history in the former Soviet Union found these precast, prestressed slabs to be structurally sound for aircraft operations and they also offered particular advantages for construction in adverse weather, rapid installation, maintenance on unfavorable soils, and construction in remote or environmentally sensitive areas. This paper will use the author's many years of experience with these slabs in Russia to describe the design, materials, construction, and performance of this precast, prestressed Russian concrete pavement technology that is little known in the West.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2016 13:43:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1428967</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Low-Cost Carriers in Post-Soviet States</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1406394</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research paper provides an overview of low-cost carrier (LCC) development in the post-Soviet states with a focus on the aviation market in Russia. The LCC model seeks to achieve a competitive advantage through the reduction of operating costs below the traditional airline model. While much of the global community enjoys the benefits offered by LCCs, the question remains why this model has not been successful in the fifteen newly formed countries, with the exception of the Hungarian low-cost subsidiary Wizz Air Ukraine. Despite an advantageous geographic location, large population with comparable GDP per capita, and strong passenger growth forecast, airlines operating in post-Soviet regions are faced with a high level of uncertainty associated with emerging economies, namely the strength of government involvement and regulation. The research addresses strategies employed by airlines as well as the challenges and opportunities that are presented to them. The airline classifications and data were collected using the Flightglobal database. Future business strategies and government legislation reformation are discussed in order to promote the LCC business model as a successful option to compete in these markets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 2016 09:21:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1406394</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-modal Transportation Investment in Kazakhstan: Planning for Trade and Economic Development in a Post-Soviet Country</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1280597</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The collapse of the former Soviet Union has created huge economic hardship for its Central Asian member states. The insertion of country borders at the pre-existing borderless territories has increased transportation cost, disrupted economic linkage, and weakened the country's capability to maintain and modernize an adequate transportation system. This legacy is still quite visible in today's Kazakhstan, a country at the cross roads of Europe and Asia. The authors developed a 40-year plan for the transport sector in Kazakhstan, Central Asia's largest country. Envisioning the desirability of increasing integration of the Central Asian territory, the authors examine the challenges and opportunities faced by the transport sector to carry out efficient domestic and regional shipment, and proposes a multi-modal investment program for Kazakhstan government. Comparison of different investment options indicates that investment in multi-modal facilities is more cost-effective compared to expensive infrastructure projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2014 14:29:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1280597</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The freight railways of the former Soviet Union, twenty years on: Reforms lose steam</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1266416</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Some of the countries of the former Soviet Union have taken steps toward reform of the vertically integrated monopoly freight railways that they inherited following the breakup of the USSR, while in others there have been discussions but nothing more. However, even in the countries most active in reform – Russia, Kazakhstan, the Baltic countries – the reforms have taken directions different from the reform models adopted in either Europe or the Americas, and governments have insisted on maintaining a significant degree of control of the sector, resisting any real yielding to the vagaries of markets. Furthermore, when there has been concessioning or sale of assets to private firms, these events have been marred by allegations of favoritism and discrimination. In recent years, reform momentum throughout the region has stalled, with policy discussions now more often focusing on ways to improve efficiency and increase traffic – especially lucrative transit traffic – with less emphasis on either competition or privatization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Dec 2013 09:29:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1266416</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Freight Wagon Business Moves East</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1107983</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes how there is considerable movement in the world market for freight wagons. The article shows how a major shift is taking place in the worldwide freight wagon market as sales in the former Soviet Union exceed those in both the Asian and North American markets for the first time. There are also major changes on the horizon in the European manufacturer landscape. Against the backdrop of a notable revival in demand, the insolvency of European market leader International Railway Systems (IRS), Luxembourg, has caused great uncertainty. The current global market volume for freight wagons is worth around 8.7 billion euro per year for new business and some 8.3 billion euro per year in the after sales segment. Following the 2009 downturn, new wagon business has recovered to two-thirds of what it was during the peak in 2008. The article describes how all markets were affected by the crisis, but the actual effects on market development vary considerably between areas. The main growth driver for the both freight wagons and diesel locomotives is the former Soviet Union.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Aug 2011 10:42:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1107983</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VITESSE CRITIQUE DU FRONT DE CONGELATION DANS LES MILIEUX POREUX FINS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081329</link>
      <description><![CDATA[UN SOL GELIF SOUMIS A UN CYCLE DE GEL NE GONFLE QUE SI LA VITESSE DE PROPAGATION DU FRONT DE CONGELATION EST INFERIEURE A UNE CERTAINE VALEUR APPELEE VITESSE CRITIQUE. APRES UNE DISCUSSION DE QUELQUES MODELES SCHEMATISANT  LE PROCESSUS DE CONGELATION D'UN SOL SENSIBLE AU GEL ET METTANT EN EVIDENCE LES NOMBREUX PARAMETRES DONT DEPEND LA VITESSE CRITIQUE, LES AUTEURS PRESENTENT UNE METHODE PERMETTANT L'ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DE CETTE DERNIERE. DES PREMIERES EXPERIENCES REALISEES, IL RESULTE EN OUTRE QUE : 1) LA VITESSE CRITIQUE AUGMENTE AU FUR ET A MESURE QUE DIMINUE L'EPAISSEUR DE LA COUCHE NON GELEE COMPRISE ENTRE LE FRONT DE GEL ET LA NAPPE PHREATIQUE, 2) LA VITESSE CRITIQUE SEMBLE AUGMENTER AVEC LA PROPORTION DE PARTICULES FINES PRESENTES DANS LE SOL. CET ARTICLE REPRODUIT LA COMMUNICATION QUE LES AUTEURS ONT PRESENTEE A LA QUATRIEME CONFERENCE SUR LE TRANSFERT DE CHALEUR ET DE MASSE, A MINSK (URSS) EN MAI 1972.(A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:34:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081329</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MANUEL DE CALCUL CEB-FIP - STRUCTURES EN BETONS LEGERS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081321</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LE MANUEL DU BETON LEGER FAIT PARTIE D'UNE SERIE DE PUBLICATIONS TECHNIQUES DU CEB (COMITE EUROPEEN DU BETON) ET DESTINEES A AIDER LES PROJETEURS AINSI QUE LES COMITES NATIONAUX DE REDACTION DES REGLEMENTATIONS DANS L'INTERPRETATION DES RECOMMANDATIONS INTERNATIONALES FEB/FIP. QUELQUES MODIFICATIONS ET ADDITIONS AU PROJET ONT ETE EFFECTUEES AU COURS DE DISCUSSIONS A LA CONFERENCE DE LENINGRAD DU 18 AU 28 MAI POUR INCLURE LES RESULTATS DE RECHERCHES EN URSS. DE PLUS LES CHAPITRES 6 ET 9 CONTENUS DANS CE SECOND PROJET SONT INCOMPLETS ET LES TEXTES MANQUANTS SERONT AJUSTES ULTERIEUREMENT. L'OBJET DES DIFFERENTS CHAPITRES EST LE SUIVANT: LE CHAP. 1 (INTRODUCTION) CONTIENT DES CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES SUR LE BETON CONVENTIONNEL ET LE BETON LEGER. LE CHAP. 2 TRAITE DES GRANULATS LEGERS NATURELS ET ARTIFICIELS DE DIFFERENTS TYPES, LE CHAP. 3 DE LA COMPOSITION DU MELANGE, LE CHAP. 4  DU MALAXAGE, LE CHAP. 5 DES PROPRIETES DU BETON LEGER DES CONSTRUCTIONS,  LE CHAP. 6 DE CONSIDERATIONS SUR LA CONCEPTION DES PROJETS ET LES CALCULS, LE CHAP. 7 DES TECHNIQUES DE CONSTRUCTION, LE CHAP. 8 DE L'ECONOMIE DU BETON LEGER ET LE CHAP. 9 DU BETON A AIR OCCLUS TRAITE EN AUTOCLAVE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:33:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081321</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MANUEL DE CALCUL CEB-FIP - EFFETS STRUCTURAUX DES DEFORMATIONS DIFFEREES DU BETON (DEUXIEME PROPOSITION DE REDACTION - FEVRIER 1972).</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081308</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LE BUT DE CE MANUEL EST D'OFFRIR LES MOYENS D'EVALUER LES EFFETS STRUCTURAUX DU COMPORTEMENT DU BETON DANS LE TEMPS (C'EST-A-DIRE D'EFFECTUER UNE ETUDE DE FLUAGE DU BETON DES OUVRAGES); LE PRINCIPE DE BASE CONSISTE A PRESENTER DES SOLUTIONS MATHEMATIQUES A LA PORTEE DES PROJETEURS. ON TROUVE DANS LE PREMIER CHAPITRE UNE DISCUSSION CRITIQUE DES METHODES DONT ON DISPOSE ACTUELLEMENT POUR LES ANALYSES DE FLUAGE; ON RETIENT POUR LES APPLICATIONS LES METHODES PERMETTANT D'OBTENIR UNE INTERPRETATION SATISFAISANTE DU COMPORTEMENT DU BETON A L'AIDE DE FORMULES MATHEMATIQUES ELEMENTAIRES. ON PREND EN CONSIDERATION DEUX NIVEAUX D'APPROXIMATION. POUR LE PREMIER DEGRE,  ON PRESENTE UNE METHODE BASEE SUR UNE LOI DE FLUAGE SIMPLIFIEE. POUR LE SECOND, ON PROPOSE DEUX METHODES, DONT L'UNE NECESSITE L'UTILISATION D'UN ORDINATEUR. LE SECOND CHAPITRE EST DEVOLU A L'UTILISATION PRATIQUE DES METHODES PROPOSEES ET AUX CHOIX DES VALEURS NUMERIQUES A INTRODUIRE POUR LA RESOLUTION DES EQUATIONS. ON ETUDIE DANS LE TROISIEME CHAPITRE QUELQUES UNS  DES PROBLEMES LES PLUS USUELS DE L'ANALYSE DE FLUAGE ET EN DONNE LES FORMULES DE RESOLUTION SOUS UNE FORME PERMETTANT LEUR APPLICATION DIRECTE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:33:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081308</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARAISON DES RESULTATS OBTENUS PAR L'APPLICATION DES DIFFERENTES PRESCRIPTIONS CONCERNANT LE CALCUL DES ELEMENTS EN BETON ARME SOLLICITES A LA COMPRESSION.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081288</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ON FAIT L'ANALYSE COMPARATIVE DES RESULTATS OBTENUS PAR L'APPLICATION DES  DIFFERENTES INSTRUCTIONS NATIONALES ET DES RECOMMANDATIONS INTERNATIONALES SE REFERANT AU CALCUL DES ELEMENTS EN BETON ARME SOLLICITES A LA COMPRESSION EXCENTREE EN TENANT COMPTE DE L'INFLUENCE DE LA FLEXIBILITE (FLAMBEMENT). ON A UTILISE: LES NORMES ROUMAINES 1546-50 ET 8000-67, LES RECOMMANDATIONS CEB ET CELLES DE STANDARDISATION CAER, LES NORMES SOVIETIQUES, AMERICAINES, FRANCAISES, ALLEMANDES ET BRITANNIQUES. ON A MIS EN EVIDENCE POUR  LES SECTIONS DE FORME RECTANGULAIRE, LES VALEURS N(N)/BH(O) POUR DIFFERENTES VARIANTES DE CONSTITUTION ET DE SOLLICITATION: BETONS DE QUALITE B 200 ET B 300, DIFFERENTS POURCENTAGES DES ARMATURES P ET P', EN ACIER ROND LISSE (OB 38) ET CRENELE (PC 52), EXCENTRICITES E(O) VARIANT ENTRE O,1 H(O)  ET 2 H(O), RAPPORTS (1)F/H ENTRE 14 ET 30. L'ETUDE COMPREND AUSSI LES RESULTATS DE QUELQUES CALCULS EFFECTUES PAR LE BUREAU D'ETUDE DES CONSTRUCTIONS - TYPE A L'EGARD DE DEUX SECTIONS I, AINSI QUE DES COMPARAISONS ORIENTATIVES AVEC DES DONNEES EXPERIMENTALES, FAITES PAR L'INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE TIMISOARA.(A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:32:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081288</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>POLYMER MATERIALS FOR EFFICIENT JOINTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081285</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE AUTHORS DISCUSS THE PROBLEMS OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL STRENGTH TO BE SOLVED IN CONCRETE SLAB JOINTS (PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE ACTION OF TRAFFIC, SLAB MOVEMENTS, TEMPERATURE, RADIATION, WATER ETC). RECENT RESEARCH CONDUCTED AT THE SOJUZDORNII LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS CONTAINING THIOCOL-RUBBER IN THE FORM OF POLYSULPHATES WHICH CAN BE VULCANISED WITHOUT SULPHUR AND TO WHICH ADDITIVES SUCH AS KAOLIN, EPOXY, CARBON BLACK, TALC, ETC. ARE ADDED. ADHESION AND COHESION PROPERTIES OF THE NEW PRODUCT ARE SATISFACTORY FOR A WIDE RANGE OF TEMPERATURES. THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS TABLES GIVING QUANTITATIVE DATA ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND COSTS OF THIS TYPE OF JOINT. THE PRODUCT, CALLED G1, IS COMPARED WITH PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED IN THE USA, FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:32:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081285</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DETERMINATION OF THE STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY OF SANDY SOIL (PROCEDURE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081024</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS BROCHURE SUMMARISES THE RESULTS OF A THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL STUDY  CONDUCTED TO SHOW THE INFLUENCE OF THE DENSITY OF SAND ON ITS SHEAR CHARACTERISTICS. THE FIRST PART DESCRIBES THE TEST PROCEDURES USED (BOX SHEAR,  TRIAXIAL SHEAR, CRITICAL DENSITY), THE SECOND DEALS WITH VARIATIONS IN DENSITY AND SHEAR STRENGTH, AND THE THIRD WITH DEFORMABILITY DURING SHEAR. THIS STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE-SCALE EARTH-FILLED DAM IN UKRAINE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:24:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081024</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IN-SITU TEST PROCEDURE FOR CAST-IN-SITU PILES WITH AN ENLARGED BASE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081022</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS MONOGRAPH DESCRIBES THE STATE OF THE ART OF TESTS ON PILES WITH AN ENLARGED BASE. IT DEALS WITH TESTS, VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL LOADING, AND EXTRACTION OF THE PILES.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:24:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081022</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROVISIONAL TECHNICAL DIRECTIVES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CONTACT PRESSURES AT THE SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERFACE BY MEANS OF SDKS (VTU 163-66) GAUGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081020</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS TEXT, PREPARED BY THE STRUCTURAL STUDY AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE IN KIEV (NIISK), DESCRIBES THE MANUFACTURE AND USE OF VIBRATING WIRE GAUGES FOR MEASURING CONTACT PRESSURES AT THE SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERFACE. THE MONOGRAPH  GIVES GENERAL DATA ON PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS, DESIGN AND CONTROL OF THE GAUGES, TEST PROCEDURES AND PROCESSING OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:24:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081020</guid>
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