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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Land Suitability Assessment for Industrial Development Using GIS: A Case Study of Rohtak and Jhajjar, Haryana</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655515</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates land suitability for industrial development in the Rohtak and Jhajjar districts of Haryana using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. The analysis integrates spatial data on key factors, including proximity to transportation networks (highways, railways), existing industrial clusters, and environmentally sensitive zones (forests, canals, and groundwater recharge areas). Buffer zones are applied to define no-development areas, ensuring ecological preservation while optimizing industrial site selection. A weighted overlay analysis is used to put land parcels into five groups based on how suitable they are: Highly Suitable, Suitable, Moderately Suitable, Less Suitable, and Not Suitable. The results show that transport corridors are the best places for industrial growth, while forest reserves and areas that are sensitive to water are not. This study gives policymakers and urban planners in new urban-industrial areas a way to make decisions about how to plan for sustainable industry that balances economic growth with protecting the environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:20:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655515</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Valuing urban forests in a dense Asian metropolis: Evidence from travel cost and choice experiments in Taipei</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644239</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban forests, functioning as multifaceted ecosystems, are vital for maintaining ecological balance, enhancing livability, and supporting outdoor recreation. Despite growing interest in urban green spaces, limited research has evaluated urban forests through integrated economic valuation methods, particularly in densely populated Asian cities such as Taipei. This study addresses the research gap by applying both the travel cost method and a discrete choice experiment to comprehensively assess the economic and preference-based values of urban forests, specifically examining residents' preferences for attributes in Taipei. The travel cost method was used to estimate the recreational economic value of urban forests, while a choice experiment elicited residents' preferences for forest attributes. Findings from the study, which used Daan Forest Park (the largest and most popular urban park in Taiwan) as a case study, reveal that a per capita benefit amounts to USD 5.92 per year, corresponding to a total economic value of USD 375,522.35 annually. Regarding attribute preferences, this study applies both a random parameters logit model and a latent class model. Specifically, 38.9 % of respondents express a significantly positive preference for urban forests with diverse tree species and heights, while 43.1 % favor high-density forests. Furthermore, demographic factors such as age, education, income, and recreational frequency significantly affect residents' willingness to pay for attributes. These results emphasize the importance of designing urban parks with diverse features that foster forest diversity and cater to varied preferences. This study offers valuable perspectives on the management and enhancement of urban forests in promoting long-term resilience and well-being.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 14:47:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644239</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>WildlifeRailGuard: A novel conservation technology to mitigate train-animal collisions in forest regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2640786</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The escalating incidences of train-wildlife collisions, especially with elephants, are a real blow to forest-based wildlife conservation efforts. To enable real-time detection of wild animals such as elephants and promptly alert train operators, this study utilizes advanced deep learning algorithms integrated with camera systems installed at strategic locations along the railway tracks. The research proposes the use of WildlifeRailGuard as an innovative solution to address this issue effectively. To enable real-time detection of wild animals, such as elephants, and promptly alert train operators, this study utilizes advanced deep learning algorithms integrated with camera systems installed at strategic locations along railway tracks. Upon receiving alerts, train operators can immediately reduce speed, ensuring the safety of both passengers and wildlife. The proposed WildlifeRailGuard system also contributes to wildlife conservation by leveraging data analytics to generate valuable insights into animal behavior and movement patterns. The use of data analytics tools helps mitigate the negative effects of railway expansion on various animal species, fostering hope for achieving a sustainable balance between railway development and forest conservation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 09:47:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2640786</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Green Construction of Expressways Based on the Whole Life Cycle ESG Concepts: A Case Study of the Construction of the Xingyi Ring Expressway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2529789</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The concept of green highway construction has been a hot topic in the construction industry by integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations into construction projects. This paper studies six most widely recognized international standards for sustainable highway construction, concludes ESG topics from different rating systems, and embeds the most frequently mentioned ESG indicators into an innovative ESG management system from strategy to implementation for the Guizhou Xingyi Ring Expressway (hereinafter the “Project”), which is praised as the “most beautiful karst peak forest highway in the world.” Known as the “most beautiful karst peak forest highway in the world,” this Project’s planning, design, construction, and operation stages were guided by a top-down ESG strategy supported by green technologies. This case study highlights the Project’s exemplary green construction practices, culminating in the 2023 Global Road Achievement Award for Environmental Protection from the International Road Federation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 16:22:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2529789</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Road Expansion Risk Predicts Future Hotspots of Tropical Deforestation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646919</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Roads act as conduits for human incursions and hence underlie many of humanity’s impacts on nature, including deforestation, wildfires, and natural-resource overexploitation. Unfortunately, existing roadmaps often drastically underestimate the true extent of road networks and future predictions of road-related impacts rely on incomplete and outdated data, undermining development planning and conservation decision-making. Here, we develop a multivariate “road expansion risk” index to identify areas prone to road building and therefore vulnerable to road-related environmental impacts. Using a massive road dataset—137 million 1-ha raster cells drawn from three different sources arrayed across the Amazon and Congo basins and insular Asia-Pacific region—we predict road-prone locations via a statistical model that integrates a range of biophysical, socioeconomic, and administrative data. This highly integrative, large-scale approach allowed us to identify areas likely to experience future road building and regions that may contain unmapped roads. Importantly, our road expansion risk index is a strong predictor of forest loss and degradation and can hence identify future road building and deforestation hotspots, even for the many tropical forest locales with grossly deficient road data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 17:10:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646919</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of road density on the coupling of forest resilience and fragmentation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2628522</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road construction profoundly affects forest landscapes, but its impact on the coupling between forest resilience and fragmentation remains underexplored. Thus, we calculated kernel density estimation (KDE) as an indicator of road density and quantified spatiotemporal dynamics of forest resilience and fragmentation in China from 2010 to 2020. We further examined how road density influences the coupling between forest resilience and fragmentation. Results showed that: (1) Forest resilience increased nationally, and fragmentation declined in most regions. (2) Bivariate spatial autocorrelation between coupling dynamics and KDE revealed high–high clusters in the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas, and low–low in Daxinganling and southwestern Tibet. (3) SHapley Additive exPlanations showed that high KDE contributed positively and low KDE contributed negatively to coupling dynamics; multiscale geographically weighted regression revealed stronger synergistic effects in the pan-south and weaker in the northeast. This study offers quantitative insights into sustainable road planning and supports ecological restoration strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Dec 2025 11:19:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2628522</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Global Land Cover Changes Using Satellite Data: Intermittent and Long-Term Land Cover Changes From 2001 to 2020</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Global land cover has changed during the past decades, influencing biogeochemical cycles and the global climate system. This study aimed to improve understanding of global land cover dynamics to enable more effective future land management practices and conservation actions. This study quantified interannual changes in global land cover types from 2001 to 2020 and distinguished intermittent transitions from stable gains and losses. From the interannual perspective, the authors found that global barren lands, forests, shrublands, and snow-covered areas decreased by 5281, 1804, 952, and 188 kha yr⁻¹, respectively. In contrast, grasslands, croplands, urban areas, and water bodies increased at 6529, 1407, 237, and 51 kha yr⁻¹, respectively, from 2001 to 2020. According to the definitions provided in this paper, of the global forest areas, 75% was Stable (no change), 4% was Gain, 5% was Loss, and 16% was Unstable. Of the cropland areas, 56% was Stable, 9% was Gain, 9% was Loss, and 26% was Unstable. Hotspots for forest loss were Brazil, the Rest of South America, and Sub-Saharan Africa, and grassland was the most common land cover classification following forest loss. The global cropland expansion hotspots were Brazil, Canada, China, India, and the Rest of South America. The cropland gains were mainly converted from grasslands. On the other hand, barren areas in China and Middle Eastern and North Africa were changed to grasslands. A certain amount of shrublands were changed to forest in temperate regions. This paper provided land cover changes at a 500 m spatial resolution as a benchmark for future assessments. The findings showed that unstable pixels play an important role in determining the sources of uncertainty when assessing land cover changes using satellite data. Land cover assessments are sensitive to the time steps used for analysis and the definition of changes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Aug 2025 13:42:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582449</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Relocating the Forest to Minimise the Effects of Earthworks and Accelerate the Restoration of Environmental Compensation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559557</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The construction of new roads or the widening thereof often has significant environmental impacts. To reduce these impacts, the approach used in environmental assessments is first to avoid them, then to minimise them through mitigation measures, and finally to compensate for any residual losses. In a context of climate crisis and biodiversity loss, the wooded natural habitat component is becoming increasingly important in environmental assessments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Aug 2025 09:19:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559557</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tragedy of the culverts? Characterizing the state of road infrastructure in public and private forests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2485956</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Forests are often crisscrossed by a vast road network due to extractive activity. Previous studies have shown that this network can include many abandoned logging roads and deteriorated culverts, which can disrupt aquatic habitat connectivity. Yet, there is still little known about the drivers of culvert condition. In the absence of accurate and up-to-date surveys of forest road infrastructure, understanding drivers of culvert condition is integral in informing restoration efforts. The authors' study evaluated and compared the condition of 121 culverts and the roads directly adjacent to them in public and private forests in southern Quebec, Canada. The majority (63%) of the culverts inventoried were in poor condition (‘Mediocre’ or ‘Critical’). Overall, 63% of culverts assessed along forest roads were in poor condition. The defects most frequently observed in poor condition culverts were: obstruction, perforation, and corrosion. When taking both culvert condition and culvert hang into consideration, this translated to one culvert in every 10.1 km of stream potentially posing a threat to aquatic habitat connectivity. Within the study region, land tenure (private vs public land) and road condition were both drivers of poor culvert condition. Culverts should be considered an action priority, given the magnitude of their impact on aquatic ecosystems and the dearth of information regarding their location and overall condition. The results of the authors' study highlight the necessity for standardized protocols and continued forestry infrastructure inventories. Improved knowledge of drivers of culvert condition and of their primary defects is also central to designing effective maintenance and restoration efforts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2025 08:55:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2485956</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of road infrastructure on wildlife corridors in Hainan rainforests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2480420</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Roads lead to habitat fragmentation, posing a major threat to biodiversity. This study aimed to refine environmental impact assessment (EIA) for road infrastructure in the Hainan tropical rainforest (Hainan Province − China − Asia) by focusing on the multi-scale impacts of different road types on wildlife corridors. Utilizing graph and circuit theories, the authors evaluated corridors for species with different dispersal capabilities (1 km, 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km). In the authors' results, highways significantly impacted connectivity, especially for long-distance dispersal species. Provincial roads reduced connectivity for species with 1–5 km dispersal. Complex changes were observed for species with 10–15 km dispersal at patch scale. High connectivity patches for species with a 1 km range were primarily within national parks, but overall connectivity between protected areas was insufficient. This research underscores the importance of strategic planning in optimizing protected corridors and offers suggestions to mitigate the negative impacts of road infrastructure on ecological connectivity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2025 08:55:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2480420</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tree Protection for Street Corridor Development in Massachusetts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2433975</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Massachusetts is home to millions of trees located not only in forests but also along streets and roadways in urban, suburban, and rural environments. The people living in these communities rely on street trees to provide necessary ecosystem services, such as shading and cooling, or stormwater mitigation. MassDOT has developed a comprehensive capital improvement project to facilitate the necessary improvements of pedestrian and cycling pathways statewide that will impact the existing urban forest ecosystem. MassDOT is seeking a cohesive collection of best practice standards to ensure that urban forest health and preservation remains a priority in these upcoming transportation improvement projects. The information gathered from the survey and discussion with the expert panel will be used to create a comprehensive guide that will be an overview of current best practices to inform planting and tree protection management techniques during construction. This review will inform strategies applied across the state that will prioritize street trees during development and foster thriving urban forests for all. This work will provide a framework for the reimagining of the Commonwealth’s transportation corridors as functional urban green spaces that will grow alongside their communities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Sep 2024 15:30:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2433975</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Amphibian roadkill patterns in an Asian tropical rainforest</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2427933</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wildlife roadkills have emerged as one of the most adverse impacts of road networks on biodiversity. Knowledge regarding amphibian roadkill patterns in Asian tropical rainforests is limited. Herein, the authors present the first assessment of roadkill patterns of amphibians in the Hainan tropical rainforest of southern China, based on extensive field surveys covering 58 road transects in 2021 and 2022. The authors investigated the effects of species characteristics, seasons, and environmental factors on amphibian roadkill patterns. The authors recorded 503 amphibian carcasses and identified 13 amphibian species. Abundant species are more likely to be killed. There were no significant differences in the roadkill observations between the dry and wet seasons. The number of roadkill observations correlated positively with the percentage of area with buildings. The authors' findings provide new insights into the ecological effects of roads and transportation in Asian tropical rainforests, which will help design and implement conservation actions. The authors suggest prioritizing permanent mitigation measures to reduce roadkill risk for abundant species on roads with a relatively high percentage of area with buildings in the Hainan tropical rainforest.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Sep 2024 09:06:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2427933</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of buildings, forests and cliffs on aircraft noise mapping: Case study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2395153</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Current best practice aircraft noise calculations primarily focus on strategic noise mapping to assess compliance with legal noise limits. To date, the effects of shielding by buildings or reflections from buildings, forests or cliffs have not been considered in noise mapping, despite their potential impact on results, particularly in mountainous and/or densely built urban areas. In this study, the effects of shielding by buildings and reflections from buildings, forests and cliffs on aircraft noise results were assessed. Calculations were performed with the sonAIR simulation tool for a residential area close to the runway of a military airfield in a mountain valley in Switzerland. The calculations revealed that shielding and reflections may locally strongly affect the results. While this may yield valuable insights for special investigations, calculations without accounting for these effects are still recommended for large-scale noise mapping, to obtain a better overview of the noise exposure and legal compliance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jun 2024 14:00:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2395153</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Forests as natural metamaterial barriers for urban railway-induced vibration attenuation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366114</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Noise and vibrations generated by railway traffic can seriously affect the adjacent buildings and their residents. Different mitigation methods have been proposed in the past decades to tackle this challenge. Despite many mitigation measures presented in the literature, some of these measures have shown limitations in their application, while for others their carbon footprint does not justify their implementation in real projects. This study introduces the concept of forests as natural metamaterials to attenuate the vibrations generated at the wheel–rail interaction. In particular, a group of natural metamaterials, in the form of a forest, is introduced into a vehicle/track/soil validated model based on the two-step approach. The ideal tree/soil unit-cell constituting the forest is obtained through a parametric investigation of the geometrical and material properties in order to have the first band-gap within the main range of frequencies generated by railway traffic in urban areas. The vibration attenuation levels obtained by the introduction of the natural metamaterial are then evaluated by considering a range of operational velocities for the T2000 Brussels tram LRV (Light Rail Vehicle). Finally, some insights on the attenuation efficiency of the selected forest towards vibrations generated by HSTs (High-Speed Trains) are given by considering a mono-wheel model with a higher range of vehicle speeds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2024 16:50:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366114</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and analysis of electric power-assisted steering in vehicles for mountain forests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2301517</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the problem of vehicle exploitation in the mountainous and wooded regions of the Russian Federation. Considering how critical rollover accidents are in the logging industry, it is vital to ensure safe and stable driving. This study aims to develop a model of electric power steering (EPS) control using a quasi-continuous sliding-mode controller in MATLAB/Simulink. Experiments were carried out under the following conditions: maximum slope angle, 30°; maximum steering angle, 30°; maximum driving speed, 7 m/s. The dynamic characteristics of the suspension and EPS systems were optimized using the receding horizon optimization technique. The theoretical and experimental results suggest that the model reaches its critical state of stability (−0.2) at a speed range of 0–7 m/s with a steering angle of 25°. After optimization, critical stability (0.3) occurs at the driving speed of 7 m/s when the steering angle is 30°. The paper discussed the possibility of installing the EPS control system into vehicles that operate in mountainous wooded areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 Dec 2023 16:08:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2301517</guid>
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