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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Dynamic and Static Behavior of a Curved-Girder Bridge with Varying Boundary Conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810817</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A curved, three-span continuous, steel I-girder bridge in Salt Lake City was tested in order to determine its dynamic and static load carrying properties for three boundary condition states. For each of the three boundary condition states, two dynamic forced vibration methods were applied to the bridge as well as a static live-load test. The first forced vibration method used an eccentric mass shaker. The second method involved striking the side of the bridge with an impact hammer. The live-load test was performed by slowly driving a truck at a crawl speed across the bridge. Velocity transducers, accelerometers, and strain gauges were utilized to record the response of the bridge. The analysis and compilation of recorded dynamic response of the bridge enabled the preparation of mode shapes and natural frequencies for each boundary condition. This paper discusses the resulting changes in relevant dynamic properties and compares them with the changes in the static properties that were determined from the bridge response recorded from the live-load tests.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Jun 2007 08:27:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810817</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nondestructive Assessment of Timber Bridges Using a Vibration-Based Method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/783540</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes an effort to develop a global dynamic testing technique for evaluating the overall stiffness of timber bridge superstructures. A forced vibration method was used to measure the natural frequency of single-span timber bridges in the laboratory and field. An analytical model based on simple beam theory was proposed to represent the relationship between the first bending mode frequency and bridge stiffness (characterized as EI product). The results indicated that the forced vibration method has potential for quickly assessing superstructure stiffness of timber bridges, but improvements must be made in measurement system to correctly identify the first bending mode frequency in bridges in the field. The beam theory model was found to fit the physics of the superstructure of single-span timber bridges and could be used to correlate first bending frequency to global stiffness if appropriate system parameters are identified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jul 2006 07:08:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/783540</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FORCED VIBRATION TESTING OF THE I-15 SOUTH TEMPLE BRIDGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/679799</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this research program is to investigate the potential for using system identification as a non-destructive evaluation technique.  This research examines the feasibility of performing system identification on a large, multi-degree of freedom structure and a simple, single span structure.  The testing consisted of performing sine sweeps over a range of excitation frequencies, with the excitation induced in the horizontal direction by an eccentric mass shaker.  The response of the two bridge structures was recorded with accelerometers. The simple span structure was tested in seven condition states that included post-damage testing.  In the case of the nine-span bridge the lowest five response modes and frequencies were determined, demonstrating that system identification of large bridge structures is possible.  For the simple span structure the lowest three mode shapes and frequencies were determined for each condition state.  The change in the natural frequencies for each condition state demonstrated the new condition of the bridge, whether it was post-damage or post-repair.  This indicates that system identification (modal analysis) has potential as a non-destructive evaluation method for determining structural integrity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/679799</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>I-15 NATIONAL TEST BED FOR ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH &amp; TESTING, PHASE 2 PROGRAM REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/679808</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Phase 2 of a program is detailed that will perform research during the design/build reconstruction of over 16 miles of Interstate 15 in Salt Lake County, Utah.  The program is funded through a research grant from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) authorized by TEA-21 legislation specifically targeted to the I-15 National Test Bed Consortium.  The program is administered jointly by the Utah Transportation Center, the Utah Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration.  Included in the program are technology transfer efforts beyond distribution of the final report.  This program is a follow-on to a Phase 1 research program, a summary of which is also given.  In addition, a summary is given of the steps taken to accommodate research in a design/build environment. Detailed work plans are given for six research studies that are to be performed under this Phase 2 program.  These six studies are: Push-Over Test of Bridge Bent with Advanced Composite Reinforcement, Phase 2; Evaluation of Geopier Foundation Systems, Phase 2; Lateral Load Field Tests on Pile Groups, Phase 3; Field Testing and Computer Modeling of a Curved Steel Girder Bridge, Phase 1; Forced Vibration as a Nondestructive Evaluation Technology, Phase 2; and Existing Column / Beam Evaluation, Phase 1.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/679808</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FORCED AND AMBIENT VIBRATION TESTS OF HAKUCHO SUSPENSION BRIDGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/491762</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Full-scale forced and ambient dynamic tests were carried out on the Hakucho Suspension Bridge to study its dynamic behavior. The emphasis is placed on measurement of natural frequencies as well as vibration shapes of high modes of the bridge using dense instrumental array.  The natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained from the forced and ambient vibration tests agreed well with those calculated from three dimensional finite element model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Oct 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/491762</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIELD TESTING OF BRIDGE DESIGN AND RETROFIT CONCEPTS. PART 1 OF 2: FIELD TESTING AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A FOUR-SPAN SEISMICALLY ISOLATED VIADUCT IN WALNUT CREEK, CALIFORNIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479171</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The opportunity for the field testing of an isolated viaduct arose out of the demolition and reconstruction of the I-680/R-24 interchange in Walnut Creek, California.  The southern section of the temporary separator bridge is seismically isolated, and this portion was the subject of a three-phase field study.  This viaduct is the first new bridge in California to be seismically isolated.  The primary objective of this investigation was to collect field data for the determination of the dynamic properties (mode shapes, modal frequencies, and damping ratios) of the viaduct, to assess the contribution of different structural components to the overall flexibility and damping characteristics of the structure, and to conduct analytical studies to verify the experimentally computed dynamic properties.  The field testing schedule was divided into three phases.  During Phase I, individual bents of the viaduct were tested.  From pull-over and snap-back testing of individual bents, experimental values for the bent frequency, damping ratio, and length to point of fixity were determined.  These values compared favorably with the analytical and design values. In Phase II, the steady state response of the viaduct was obtained for a wide frequency range using two vibration generators.  The experimental data was used to compute modal properties in the viaduct's three principal directions. Analytical studies provided satisfactory comparison with the computed values.  During Phase III, the viaduct deck was pushed longitudinally to about two-thirds of the isolation bearing design deformations, and then suddenly released.  The resulting free vibration response was used to compute the viaduct dynamic properties in the nonlinear range.  These properties were closely correlated by nonlinear dynamic simulations.  Due to amplitude dependance of the viaduct response, the computed vibration frequencies and damping ratios of the viaduct differed from design analysis values.  Ambient measurements were also recorded concurrent with the various stages of the field testing.  The obtained frequencies were close to other computed values.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 May 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479171</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIELD TESTING OF BRIDGE DESIGN AND RETROFIT CONCEPTS. PART 2 OF 2: EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF THE MT. DIABLO BOULEVARD BRIDGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479172</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Field testing and dynamic analysis of an elevated curved bridge arose out of the reconstruction and demolition activities at the Interstate 680 / Route 24 interchange in Walnut Creek, California.  Prior to its demolition, the bridge was subjected to forced vibration tests and ambient measurements.  During the forced vibration tests, vibration generators placed on the deck of the bridge were used to excite the bridge in its principal directions.  The resulting steady state response was recorded and used to evaluate the dynamic properties of the entire bridge.  For the ambient measurements, response to factors such as wind and local traffic were determined.  After the beginning of the demolition sequence, ambient response of partial frames of the bridge were measured.  The collected field data were used to determine the dynamic properties (mode shapes, modal frequencies, and damping ratios) of the bridge, and the frequencies of the partial structures.  Analytical models were developed according to the computed properties, and linear dynamic analyses were carried out to verify the measured dynamic properties.  From analysis of experimental data, a total of ten superstructure modes were identified.  The mode shapes, natural frequencies, and damping ratios obtained were consistent for both ambient and forced vibration tests.  The analytical models were calibrated from the test data for the partial frames.  These data aided in identification of effective column heights, stiffness reduction factors, and boundary conditions.  The analytically developed models, using one dimensional elements, were able to provide the modal properties of the bridge, verifying the accuracy of the measured data and the modeling techniques.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 May 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479172</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXAMPLES OF DRIVING SYSTEM STRUCTURES MODIFICATION BY USING MODE ANALYSIS METHOD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480084</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The dynamic characteristics of a modernised low pressure casing of a 13K215 turbine and a foundation frame of the large gabarite stand for testing multi-span rotary systems as well as the bending stiffness of a flexible coupling which connects rotors of the turbine set were investigated with the use of mode analysis.  Finite element analysis computer software was used.  The examples of the mode analysis application presented refer to real objects.  In all cases, information was gathered and utilized to modify the dynamic characteristics of the structures.  The practical applicability of the analysis method was confirmed,  particularly when combined with the FEM application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480084</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIMULATIONS OF FLOW OVER A FLEXIBLE CABLE: A COMPARISON OF FORCED AND FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480734</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents results of direct numerical simulation from an on-going investigation of flow over a flexible cable.  In particular, the forced cable vibration is compared with flow-induced cable vibration at Reynolds numbers 100, 200 and 300.  The cables are assumed to be infinitely long and periodic, two spanwise wavelength cases were chosen: the "short" cable (L/d = 12.6), and the "long" cable (L/d = 45).  The dynamics of the cable, concentrating on lift forces and the power produced by these lift forces were examined. Then the flow structures in the wake of the vibrating cable were examined.  A breakdown of a time-periodic cable and wake response going from Re = 100 to Re = 200 was observed.  At Re = 100 relatively similar responses were observed comparing the forced vibration case with the flow-induced vibration case, but at Re = 200 differences become larger.  Finally, a comparison with the experimental results of forced vibration by Ramberg and Griffin is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480734</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE LIFT FORCE ON A VIBRATING CYLINDER IN A CURRENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434692</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper reports an extensive program of forced and free vibration tests on a single circular cylinder moving mainly perpendicularly to a uniform current. For both free and forced vibration tests two cases were investigated, one in which the cylinder was restrained in the in-line direction and the other in which it was supported on suitable springs. The cross-flow vibrational response and hydrodynamic forces on the cylinder were measured. Results are given and conclusions are drawn.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434692</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FORCED VIBRATION OF PLATES WITH ELASTICALLY RESTRAINED EDGES BY THE SPLINE FINITE STRIP METHOD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/444617</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The spline finite strip method applied  to the free vibration analysis of plates with classical boundary conditions has been extended to the forced vibration analysis of plates with edges elastically restrained against both translation and rotation.  The steady-state response of plates under harmonic excitation is studied in this paper.  The formulation has been generalised, so that arbitrarily shaped plates with restrained curved boundaries can be handled.  The contribution of the edge restraining has been incorporated in the structural stiffness using a consistent formulation. Deflection and bending moment amplitudes have been determined for different edge restraints, aspect ratios, forcing frequencies and plate shapes, as available in the literature, and comparison of the results indicates good accuracy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/444617</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FORCES ON VIBRATING CYLINDER NEAR WALL IN CURRENT AND WAVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/446364</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Forces on a vibrating pipeline have been measured by measuring the instantaneous pressure in eight pressure cells around a vibrating cylinder.  The cylinder can only vibrate in the cross-flow direction.  The vibrations are forced.  The waves are introduced by the carriage technique.  For the current-alone case it turns out that the drag and the lift increase significantly with increasing amplitude of vibration.  The influence is most pronounced at small values of the reduced velocity, where the increase can be up to a factor 3-4 for a free cylinder.  Closer to the wall the influence is smaller for the drag, but very large for the lift.  In the wave case, the drag, the inertia force, and the lift increase when the pipe is vibrating; the increase in drag is most pronounced for small KC-numbers while the opposite is the case with respect to the inertia coefficient.  The increase in the drag coefficient for a free cylinder is 50-200% for KC about 10 and nearly negligible for KC larger then 60.  The similar (opposite) variation is smaller concerning the inertia coefficient where the increase can be up to 30%.  Regarding the lift force, an increase up to 200% is observed.  Increase in the force coefficients becomes similar to the current-alone case; smaller increase with decreasing gap, however.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/446364</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MACHINERY HULL INTERACTION VIBRATIONS, 3D</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/392203</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document consists of a collection of papers prepared by members of the Bureau Veritas Senior Technical Staff. Titles of the papers are as follows: Forced Vibrations Resonators and Free Vibrations of the Hull; Hydroelasticity and Vibrations of International Steel-Work of Tanks; Interaction between Machinery and Hull and their Free and Forced Vibrations; Experience with Marine Engineering Systems over the Last Thirty Years; Integrated Treatment of Static and Vibratory Phenomena of Third Generation of Container Vessels Leading to Vibration and Noise Free Ships; Behaviour of White Metal Bushes for Different L/D Ratios and Misalignment Conditions; Extreme Conditions of Operation of Stern Gears; How to Adapt Vibration Studies to Shipbuilding Sequence Requirements; Actual Dynamic Behaviour and Calculated Approach to Stern Tube White-Metal Bush; Correlation between Theory and Reality in Alignment of Line Shafting; How to Build Vibration Free Propulsion Plants and Ships.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/392203</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MODE COUPLING IN TORSIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL SHAFTING VIBRATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/392736</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effect of propeller coupling on the torsional and longitudinal vibration of marine propulsion shafting is studied. Recent research on the nature and computation of propeller added mass and damping is reviewed. Regression equations suitable for estimating the torsional and longitudinal added mass and damping of 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-bladed Wageningen B-Series propellers are presented in an appendix. The torsional and longitudinal modeling of a typical marine propulsion plant is reviewed. The numerical techniques and computer programs used in solving the free vibration problem for natural frequencies and mode shapes and the forced vibration problem for vibratory response are introduced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/392736</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY ON THE VIBRATION AND STRENGTH OF THE LONG STROKE DIESEL ENGINE CRANK SHAFTINGS, 2ND REPORT: PROPOSAL OF A CALCULATION METHOD FOR THE COUPLED AXIAL-TORSIONAL FORCED VIBRATION OF SHAFTINGS AND INTRODUCTION OF MEASUREMENTS ON ACTUAL ENGINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/401420</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As a follow up to a previous article that proposed a new calculation model for crank shaftings of long stroke marine diesel engines and a method for evaluating the stiffness of crank throws, this article presents a method for calculating coupled axial-torsional forced vibration. The method newly introduces a technique for converting crank pin force into the equivalent axial force. Moreover, accurate axial torsional vibration measurements were carried out during both shop and sea trials. Minute analysis of the test results revealed the mechanism of the vibration. Calculated results obtained with the new method showed fairly good agreement with measured results except for higher harmonics oscillation at the resonance of 1-mode torsional vibration. This is recognized as being caused by the nonlinearity of the thrust block stiffness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/401420</guid>
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