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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Evaluation of Occupant Response in Component and Full-Scale Aircraft Crash Testing and Simulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1848361</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, the capability of component fuselage testing and finite-element models (FEMs) to predict occupant injury risk in a full-scale aircraft crash test was evaluated. Component and full-scale crash tests of a Fokker-F28 aircraft were performed in conjunction with representative FEM simulations. Lumbar spine injury risk calculated through anthropomorphic test device (ATD) outputs measured in the full-scale test was compared with predictions made by component testing and simulation. A quantitative assessment of FEM prediction accuracy was made using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Report (TR) 16250 curve comparison methodology. Lumbar load injury risk measured in the full-scale test configuration was found to be significantly higher than the component tests performed. The FEM was found to provide a closer prediction of occupant injury risk than component testing but exhibited limitations in the multi-axis load environment. This work will help inform the application of component testing and FEM simulation when used to evaluate aircraft crashworthiness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 May 2021 16:20:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1848361</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Anthropomorphic Test Device Response in Full-Scale Regional Jet Crash Tests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1848359</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Aviation Administration has regulations designed to protect aircraft occupants in the event of a crash. Two drop tests of barrel sections and a full-scale test of a Fokker 28 (F-28) small regional jet airframe performed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration provided full-scale crash data on the performance of transport category aircraft seating systems. The crash pulse measured at the floor and the performance of the seats differed from the certification tests. To assess injuries, lumbar loads, neck loads, and head accelerations were collected for most anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), and a range of occupants were included for comparison. Overall results were positive in that the seats were able to maintain their attachment to the aircraft with the ATDs measuring head accelerations that would be considered acceptable during certification testing; however, most had spinal loading above the lumbar load criteria. This testing demonstrated that seats dynamically qualified for lower impact severities (14 G) were able to maintain structural integrity but were not able to control injury risk in all seating configurations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 May 2021 16:20:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1848359</guid>
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      <title>Development of a Full-Scale Finite Element Model of the Fokker F28 Fellowship Aircraft and Crash Simulation Predictions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1848352</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In June 2019, a full-scale crash test of a Fokker F28 Fellowship aircraft was conducted as part of a joint National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Federal Aviation Administration (NASA/FAA) project to investigate the performance of transport aircraft under realistic crash conditions. The test objectives were to provide data for assessment of transport aircraft crashworthiness under realistic impact conditions and to generate test data for model validation. The test article was loaded with transport aircraft seats in a 3 + 2 configuration. A total of 24 instrumented ATDs were placed in the seats and restrained. The test article weighed 33,306-lb. (15,107.3-kg) and, during the crash test, impacted a 2-ft (0.61-m) high soil bed at 65.3-ft/s (19.9-m/s) forward and 31.8-ft/s (9.7-m/s) vertical velocity. The full-scale aircraft crash test was simulated using the commercial nonlinear explicit transient dynamic finite element code, LS-DYNA. This paper will provide a description of the test article and the crash test conditions, document the F28 full-scale model development, and present test-analysis comparisons. The test-analysis comparisons include inertial properties, kinematic responses, structural acceleration responses, and structural deformation and failure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 May 2021 16:20:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1848352</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fokker to emerge yet again?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1107065</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Jul 2011 11:59:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1107065</guid>
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      <title>Airliner conversions : the way to go</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1106789</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Jul 2011 11:26:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1106789</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Fokker's legacy lives on : its fleet may be dwindling, but the famed Dutch name is gaining altitude</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1101014</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 May 2011 12:38:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1101014</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Blast from the past : Fokker 100NG is well underway, but major challenges loom for NG Aircraft</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1100792</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 May 2011 12:11:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1100792</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fokker's fortune</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/915472</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Dutch government helps jump-start revival of narrowbodies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2010 11:11:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/915472</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Life is good after death</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/915196</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Fokker the airframer is long gone, but out-of-production aircraft are a growth business.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2010 11:05:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/915196</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VFW-614 : the first regional jet?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/837482</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Oct 2007 10:37:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/837482</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Meet the Focker</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/764038</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: The Fokker 100 survived the demise of its manufacturer and is attracting interest from airlines seeking to add quick capacity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Nov 2005 09:24:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/764038</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FOKKER AIRCRAFT: END OF THE LINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/610528</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Jul 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/610528</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>F100 CONVERSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/610953</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SUBTITLE: FOKKER SERVICES AIMS TO RETROFIT 20-30 F100S FOR USE AS EXECUTIVE JETS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Jul 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/610953</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>F100EJ BRINGS BIZLINER ROLE TO RETIRED FOKKER 100 TWINJETS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/611214</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Jul 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/611214</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FARE GAME</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/605071</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SUBTITLE: STARTUP CARRIER GERMANIA EXPRESS BUILDS FLEET TO CAPTURE DOMESTIC, EUROPEAN MARKETS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Oct 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/605071</guid>
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