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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>USE OF URETHANE FOAM IN PAVEMENT PRESSURE RELIEF JOINTS AT BRIDGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/110587</link>
      <description><![CDATA[STRUCTURAL BRIDGE DAMAGE, THE RESULT OF PRESSURE AGAINST THE STRUCTURE FROM GROWTH OR MOVEMENT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT, CAUSED THE IOWA STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT TO MAKE A STUDY OF MATERIALS THAT COULD EFFECTIVELY BE USED IN PRESSURE RELIEF JOINTS IN THE PAVEMENT NEAR THE BRIDGES. IT WAS FOUND THAT A 4-IN. WIDE JOINT, THE BOTTOM PART FILLED WITH A 4-LB PER CU FT RIGID TYPE URETHANE FOAM AND THE TOP PART FILLED WITH AN 18-LB PER CU FT FLEXIBLE TYPE URETHANE FOAM, WOULD MINIMIZE THIS STRUCTURAL DAMAGE. THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS ARE THAT MATERIALS MUST BE READILY COMPRESSIBLE, CHEMICALLY INERT, FLEXIBLE THROUGH FULL RANGE OF NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURES, READILY ADAPTABLE TO VARIOUS WIDTHS AND DEPTHS OF JOINT, CAPABLE OF REJECTING FOREIGN OBJECTS, AND EASILY USED BY LOCAL MAINTENANCE FORCES. THE LIQUID COMPONENTS FOR THE FOAM ARE WEIGHED AND MIXED AT THE WORK SITE AND POURED INTO THE JOINT . CHEMICAL REACTION OF THE LIQUID COMPONENTS RESULTS IN A POURED-IN-PLACE FOAM-FILLED JOINT. THE MATERIAL HAS BEEN IN USE FOR THREE YEARS AND RESULTS ARE SATISFACTORY.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/110587</guid>
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      <title>CRASH PADDING RESEARCH. VOLUME I: MATERIAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/273596</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The dynamic mechanical properties of Uniroyal Ensolite AAC, a viscoelastic closed-cell foam rubber, are investigated by means of materials tests.  Sufficient test data is presented to form a basis for one-dimensional (uniform compression) empirical constitutive equation models.  Results of some additional tests are presented to assess the potential usefulness of a one-dimensional constitutive equation for predicting response in typical occupant-to-vehicle impact situations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>CRASH PADDING RESEARCH. VOLUME II: CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION MODELS. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/273597</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Several simplified one-dimensional constitutive equations for viscoelastic materials are reviewed and found to be inadequate for representing the impact-response performance of strongly nonlinear materials.  Two multi-parameter empirical models are developed in accordance with consistency criteria which assure the existence of a constitutive equation.  Curve-fitting procedures are derived for each model, and the models are applied to test data previously developed for Uniroyal Ensolite AAC foam rubber. The accuracy of dynamic performance representation provided by each model is assessed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/273597</guid>
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      <title>NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF FOAM SIDEWALLS IN SUPER TIGER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/291506</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A nondestructive evaluation technique has been developed for determining the locations of anomalies in the foam sidewalls of overpack-type packagings used for the shipment of radioactive materials.  This technique involves heating the interior walls of the packaging, then scanning its exterior walls with an infrared-sensitive imaging system to detect anomalies that compromise the insulating capacity of the foam.  Infrared imaging test were conducted on operational packagings, as well as on specially fabricated test panels. This report describes the development, validation, and use of the nondestructive evaluation technique and presents test results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Mar 1989 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/291506</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SESSION 2B: POND LINERS AND FLOATING COVERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/216692</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The following papers were presented at this session of the conference: New Application for Geomembranes: Lining Solar Ponds (Attaway, DC); Field Studies of Geomembranes Installation Techniques (Schultz, DW); Containment of Magnesium Chloride Brine Solutions Using Hot Sprayed Elastomeric Membranes (Chambers, CC and Farr, J); An Unprotected HDPE Liner in a Subarctic Environment (Wallace, RB and Eigenbrod, KD); Floating Reservoir Cover Designs (Gerber, DH); Performance of Flexible Membrane Floating Covers (Kittredge, D); Foam Rubber Covers for Evaporation Control (Dedrick, AR); Design of a Geomembrane Floating Cover to Contain Methane Gas for Positive Energy Applications (Taylor, R and Ainsworth, JB). For the covering abstract of the conference see TRIS No. 394682.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jul 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/216692</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>1979 FIREBIRD -- AN ADVANCED (PART 581) SOFT BUMPER SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/145973</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Weight and performance characteristics of the 1979 Pontiac Firebird soft bumper system are compared to those for a typical new (1979) metal/hydraulic design to evaluate the effects of the new standard.  This study demonstrates the changing competitive environment in the automotive bumper market due to the introduction of the Part 581 Standard. The deep soft bumper concept is also discussed including its potential for achieving weight reductions in future elastomeric bumper systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Nov 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/145973</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>USE FOAM TO CONTROL FROST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/110828</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A REPORT ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN STREET IN GILMAN, WISCONSIN, WHERE POLYSTYRENE SHEETS, EACH 2X8 FEET IN SIZE, WERE BURIED IN THE BASE IS MADE. THE USE OF FOAM INSULATION HAS PASSED THE EXPERIMENTAL STAGE IN WISCONSIN, BUT THIS IS THE FIRST BUILDING-FRONT TO BUILDING-FRONT APPLICATION AND THE STATE'S FIRST URBAN PROJECT. IT INCLUDES CURB AND GUTTER AND NEW SIDEWALKS, AND CONCRETE SURFACING ON ABOUT FOUR BLOCKS OF THE MAIN STREET, HWY. 64. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 07 Mar 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/110828</guid>
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