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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>X-CAR: An Experimental Vehicle Platform for Connected Autonomy Research</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2173242</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Autonomous vehicles (AVs) promise a future with safer, cleaner, more efficient, and more reliable transportation. However, the current approach to autonomy has focused on building small, disparate intelligences that are closed off to the rest of the world. Vehicle connectivity has been proposed as a solution, relying on a vision of the future where a mix of connected autonomous and human–driven vehicles populate the road. Developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as a reusable, extensible platform for controlling connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs), the CARMA Platform, is one of the technologies enabling this connected future. Nevertheless, the adoption of CARMA has been slow, with one contributing factor being the limited, expensive, and relatively old vehicle configurations that are officially supported. To alleviate this problem, the authors propose the eXperimental vehicle platform for Connected Autonomy Research (X-CAR). By implementing the CARMA Platform on more-affordable, high-quality hardware, X-CAR aims to increase the versatility of the FHWA platform and facilitate its adoption for research and development into connected driving automation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Oct 2023 13:37:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2173242</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Study on the Drivability of Hybrid Electric Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1815981</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper studies the drivability of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), and presents some methods to improve the drivability based on experiment results. First, the working principle of HEV is introduced and the hybrid powertrain is modeled. The jerk of vehicle is applied in this paper to evaluate the drivability of HEV. After studying the cause of jerk, a series of experiments of vehicle starting, state-changing, shifting and braking are designed and implemented on a parallel HEV with an automated mechanical transmission. Analysis of these experiment results shows that optimization of clutch control and cooperation of the engine and the motor on speed and torque are effective in reducing the jerk of vehicle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Aug 2022 09:11:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1815981</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A 5KW PEM Fuel Cell Power System for Mini Car Application</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1815951</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The mini passenger cars powered by clean energy are forecasted as a trend for city traffics in the next 20 years in China. In this paper, as an alternative energy supply, a small fuel cell power system applied on two demo mini cars for China Industry Exhibition 2007 is introduced. Test results show that the developed fuel cell power system can satisfy the requirements of mini car's powertrain.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Aug 2022 09:11:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1815951</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The competencies of Brazilian's experimental engineering in planning and realization validation's tests of the vehicles during the phase of project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1822184</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The advancement of technology leads the auto industry to develop new products and increasingly with greater speed and quality assured to meet the needs of the consumer market, ensuring the competitiveness of automakers.  The reduction of costs and time for the development of new products are highly desired items and the phase of validation/testing is an important step in this process to ensure compliance and quality of the product since its launch.  Among the various activities that integrate the process of developing a new vehicle, the management of validation tests has become increasingly strategic to the automaker, contributing to realization of the tests with the least number of prototypes or pre-series vehicles, optimizing in this way, the costs and available resources.  This article aims to present, in general, the competencies of Brazilian's experimental engineering PSA Peugeot Citroën in the management of validation tests for a new project vehicle for Mercosur.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jun 2022 13:26:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1822184</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Flat-upper-surface wing for experimental high altitude unmanned aerial vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1778497</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Technology of photovoltaic cells and lithium batteries is developing rapidly. As a result, more and more attempts are made to build solar high altitude long endurance airplanes. Unfortunately, data on altitude impact on photovoltaic cells and batteries performance are not easily available. Moreover, acquisition cost of cells is still high. As a result, high altitude long endurance airplanes design is expensive and risky. Therefore, a tool for inexpensive testing of cells is needed. A small and very light unmanned aerial vehicle can be used for this purpose. It could fly as high as the envisaged high altitude long endurance airplane with a small number of cells and batteries, providing valuable information on them. The weight of such an experimental unmanned aerial vehicle could be minimized because long endurance would not be required, so heavy load of lithium batteries could be minimized, reducing also weights of other components. Wings of this unmanned aerial vehicle should enable installation of various types of photovoltaic cells including rigid ones. Therefore, it would be advantageous to apply an airfoil with a flat-upper-surface as large as possible. Unfortunately, flat-upper-surface airfoils are not popular in airfoils catalogs. Therefore, an attempt was undertaken to design an airfoil with 75% flat upper surface. The research focused on maximization of the lift-to-drag ratio and power factor assuming low Reynolds numbers conditions since it was designed for a small unmanned aerial vehicle for photovoltaic cells testing. This paper contains description of design methodology, design assumptions, and the obtained results. Moreover, the authors describe the experiment undertaken to verify the design. The wind tunnel and a semi-span model used for this experiment are presented together with the obtained results. The model has a similar structure to the envisaged structure of unmanned aerial vehicle, so flexibility of the wing is taken into account.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Jun 2021 18:38:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1778497</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of ground vibration testing in small manned or unmanned aircraft prototyping</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1778493</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article describes the vibration measurement technology used in experimental investigation of light aircraft and some series of exemplary results obtained during the prototyping process. The aim of investigations presented herein was to determine the resonant frequencies and natural modes of an aircraft or its selected structural components. Ground vibration testing is an essential dynamic structural test necessary to carry out before the aircraft certification. This test should be performed on the aircraft example which is predicted to be tested in flight. The measuring system used for ground vibration testing in the Institute of Aviation Technology of the Military University of Technology consists of a multi-channel LMS SCADAS analyzer, a set of piezoelectric accelerometers, two vibration exciters equipped with impedance heads and a computer with the Test.Lab Software. The aim of the article was to present the methodology of performing ground vibration testing tests. Having applied the equipment to measure an airplane or its airframe component, key vibration characteristics corresponding to specific resonant points can be determined. Not only completed aircraft can be tested but also its isolated fragments (wings, stabilizers, tail units) or just empty airframe. Testing separately supported components allows examining their aeroelastic properties at early stage of prototyping. Ground vibration testing technology applied in various stages of the prototyping process was demonstrated in four peculiar research cases. The testing examples presented herein were the following: the isolated strut-braced wing of a light reconnaissance airplane, the light drone imitating an aerial target for some on-ground anti-aircraft artillery sets, the empty airframe of a very light jet and the miniature UAV. Some exemplary results obtained from testing these objects were presented. At the end, some observations and conclusions were noted in the context of usefulness of conducted researches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Jun 2021 18:38:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1778493</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improved Joint Probabilistic Data Association Multi-target Tracking Algorithm Based on Camera-Radar Fusion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1847219</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A Joint Probabilistic Data Association (JPDA) multi-objective tracking improvement algorithm based on camera-radar fusion is proposed to address the problems of poor single-sensor tracking performance, unknown target detection probability, and missing valid targets in complex traffic scenarios. First, according to the correlation rule between the target track and the measurement, the correlation probability between the target and the measurement is obtained; then the measurement collection is divided into camera-radar measurement matched target, camera-only measurement matched target, radar-only measurement matched target, and no-match target; and the correlation probability is corrected with different confidence levels to avoid the use of unknown detection probability. The multi-target tracking algorithm, the multi-sensor correlation algorithm based on the correlation sequential correlation method, and the scalar-weighted Kalman fusion algorithm achieve stable tracking and accurate fusion of targets. Finally, the experimental vehicle equipped with millimeter-wave radar and camera was tested under real traffic conditions, and the test results show that the target is stably tracked and the fusion result has good accuracy, which solves the problem of effective target loss and verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 May 2021 20:20:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1847219</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Consideration of Effective Chassis Control in Electric
                    Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1576912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, we focus on “camber angle control” and “derivative steering                     assistance” using “steer-by-wire” as maneuverability and stability improvement                     techniques that are appropriate for the electric vehicle (EV) era. Movements                     that produce a negative camber angle generate camber thrust, and vehicle motion                     performance improvements extend from the fact that the tire side force is                     increased by the camber thrust effect. In our experimental vehicle, a                     proportional steering angle system was used to create negative camber angle                     control via an electromagnetic actuator that allowed us to confirm improvements                     to both the effectiveness and stability of steering control in restricted                     cornering areas. More specifically, we determined that it is possible to improve                     critical cornering performance by executing ground negative camber angle control                     in proportion to the steering angle. Steer-by-wire refers to an electrical                     steering technique that allows the steering angle of the entire vehicle to be                     controlled independently of the front wheel steering angle, thereby providing a                     high level of steering system control freedom. When derivative steering                     assistance control is applied, the phase of the front wheel steering angle                     advances faster in proportion to the steering angle velocity change than would                     normally occur based on the driver’s steering actions, which can improve ease of                     operation and maneuvering stability. In an experimental vehicle equipped with                     derivative steering assistance via a steer-by-wire system, the steer                     effectiveness was improved because the phase of the front wheel steering angle                     advanced due to the derivative steering assist, thereby improving the vehicle                     responsiveness.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Dec 2019 16:24:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1576912</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Platoon of SAE Level-2 Automated Vehicles on Public Roads: Setup, Traffic Interactions, and Stability</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1597739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An increasing amount of vehicles are equipped with driver assistance systems; many of the vehicles currently on the market can be optionally equipped with adaptive cruise control and lane centering systems. Using both systems at the same time brings the vehicle to SAE level-2 automation . This means a driver does not need to perform longitudinal and lateral operational driving, although the driver should be ready to intervene at any time. While this can provide comfort, the interaction between vehicles operated by these systems might cause some undesired effects. This becomes particularly relevant with increasing market penetration rates. This paper describes an experiment with seven SAE level-2 vehicles driven as a platoon on public roads for a trip of almost 500 km. The paper discusses how the experiment was organized and the equipment of the vehicles. It also discusses the interaction of the platoon in traffic, as well as, in basic terms, the interaction between the automated vehicles. The experiences can be useful for other studies setting up field tests. The conclusion from this platoon test is: intentionally creating platoons on public roads is difficult in busy traffic conditions. Moreover, interactions between the vehicles in the platoon show that the current SAE level-2 systems are not suitable for driving as platoons of more than typically three to four vehicles, because of instabilities in the car-following behavior.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 May 2019 08:50:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1597739</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Study of the Collective and Cyclic Pitch Propeller for an Underwater Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1585750</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A series of experimental studies of the innovative propulsor named Collective and Cyclic Pitch Propeller (CCPP) applied to an underwater vehicle were designed and performed at the Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania. The bollard pull and captive model tests were conducted to investigate the characteristics of CCPP and to examine the effect of different parameter settings to its performance. The results show that the CCPP is able to generate effective manoeuvring forces in various operational condition. In addition, the obtained results in the form of force coefficients provide a useful empirical model for the simulation and control of an underwater vehicle equipped with this propulsor.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1585750</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Vehicle-Based Experimental Platform for Quantifying Passenger Motion Sickness during Test Track Operations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1560472</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Motion sickness in road vehicles may become an increasingly important problem as automation transforms drivers into passengers. Motion sickness could be mitigated through control of the vehicle motion dynamics, design of the interior environment, and other interventions. However, a lack of a definitive etiology of motion sickness challenges the design of automated vehicles (AVs) to address motion sickness susceptibility effectively. Few motion sickness studies have been conducted in naturalistic road-vehicle environments; instead, most research has been performed in driving simulators or on motion platforms that produce prescribed motion profiles. To address this gap, a vehicle-based experimental platform using a midsize sedan was developed to quantify motion sickness in road vehicles. A scripted, continuous drive consisting of a series of frequent 90-degree turns, braking, and lane changes were conducted on a closed track. The route was selected to be representative of naturalistic urban driving conditions and parameterized in terms of lateral and longitudinal acceleration intensities likely to produce motion sickness. Vehicle instrumentation included simultaneous measure of vehicle acceleration, passenger head kinematics, self-reported motion sickness ratings and associated sensations, and physiological responses. A no-task condition involved normative passenger behavior and unconstrained gaze. During the task condition, passengers read a handheld mini iPad tablet. The resulting vehicle-based experimental platform provided a reliable methodology designed to quantify motion sickness. Knowledge generated from studies with this platform will inform the design of AVs and the development and evaluation of countermeasures.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2019 17:11:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1560472</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Possibilities to Reduce Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from Combustion Engines Specified for Experimental Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1569717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is focused on the systems of fuel maps and pre-ignition maps as well as on the possibilities how to reduce emissions by tuning of these maps. The experimental research was realized using a single-cylinder small-volume piston combustion engine installed in the experimental vehicle, which was specified for the international competition Shell Eco-marathon. The main purpose of the performed research and development activities was a minimization of the fuel consumption and reduction of the gaseous emissions. There were achieved significant positive results in this way, namely an improvement of the whole combustion process and increasing of the applied fuel efficiency by tuning of the fuel maps and pre-ignition maps. Very good results obtained by us at the international competition Shell Eco-marathon 2017 in London confirmed the above-mentioned achievements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Dec 2018 17:18:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1569717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safety Recommendation Report: Use of Recording Devices During Experimental Flight Test Activities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1497882</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The safety recommendations in this report are derived from the National Transportation Safety Board's (NTSB's) investigation of a July 6, 2016, accident involving an experimental research and development Bell 525 helicopter, N525TA, which broke up in flight and impacted terrain near Italy, Texas. The two test pilots received fatal injuries, and the helicopter was destroyed. The helicopter was being operated under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91 as a developmental flight test. As an experimental research and development helicopter configured to carry two pilots and with no passenger seating, the accident helicopter was not required to be equipped with either a flight data recorder (FDR) or cockpit voice recorder (CVR).  The NTSB concluded that recorded cockpit audio and images, whether recorded on flight recorders or ground-based telemetry systems, from experimental flight test aircraft such as the Bell 525 would help give manufacturers more information about experimental flight tests and would also help manufacturers and investigators better understand the circumstances of an accident. As a result of this investigation, the NTSB is issuing one safety recommendation to the Flight Test Safety Committee (FTSC) and one safety recommendation to Bell Helicopter Textron.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2018 10:35:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1497882</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Thermal Soak</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1429606</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper summarizes a common project of Mercedes-Benz and FKFS (Research Institute of Automotive Engineering) to apply numerical methods to thermal soak issues in a very early stage of the development phase of a new car. “Thermal soak” results from driving the vehicle at high load followed by shutting off the engine and a cool down phase. After stopping, the underhood flow is only driven by natural convection.         The thermal soak behaviour is discussed in principal and the numerical challenges are summarized. Four different issues are identified: the need for a transient computation including transient thermal load pattern, a method to compute natural convection in the underhood after the shutdown of the engine, the complex geometry and the lack of a single computational program to consider all three modes of heat transfer, which results in a coupled numerical approach. Based on these premises a numerical method is developed and validated for a simplified test case as well as for a full vehicle. Therefore experimental results are derived by measurements in the IVK / FKFS hot climatic wind tunnel.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Oct 2017 11:05:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1429606</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrated Longitudinal and Lateral Control for Kuafu-II Autonomous Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1413539</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Over the past decades, there has been significant research effort dedicated to the development of autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems. The driving control system, which is responsible for trajectory tracking and driving safety, is one of the most important technologies for autonomous vehicles. This paper describes the design of driving control system, including both longitudinal and lateral controllers, for the Kuafu-II autonomous vehicle. Compared with most of the previous researches that inevitably require a large amount of parameters, the presented control system design in this paper integrates several typical and efficient controllers to significantly reduce the system sensitivity to these parameters, and it is able to achieve the system robustness under diversified circumstances. The effectiveness of the presented control system design has been extensively evaluated under simulation and on road tests.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2016 16:31:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1413539</guid>
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