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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>EUROPE FIGHTS OVER EXHAUST LAWS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/270202</link>
      <description><![CDATA[EEC proposed limits for car exhaust emissions are unacceptable to the British government which is backing a motor-industry argument for less stringent limits.  The disagreement centres on how to convert emission results from the United States test cycle to the European test cycle agreed by members of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE).  Britain says that a quarter of cars with engines over two litres would pass the US test but fail the ECE proposed limits.  Alternative limits proposed by Britain are compared with the commission's proposals.  Four lean-burn engines are being developed.  Ford has a prototype, Toyota has the only engine in production, Ricardo has an engine for the Dutch and Volkswagen has an experimental engine. Britain wants a standard based on a simpler lean-burn engine, with less complex ignition control.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:57:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/270202</guid>
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      <title>ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EVALUATION OF THE AUTOTHERM ENERGY CONSERVATION SYSTEM UNDER SECTION 511 OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE INFORMATION AND COST SAVINGS ACT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/267548</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The document announces the conclusions of the EPA evaluation of the "AUTOTHERM Energy Conservation System" device under the provision of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and cost Savings Act.  The evaluation of the "AUTOTHERM Energy Conservation System" was conducted upon the application of the manufacturer.  The device allows using the vehicle's heater while parked with the engine off. Using the device is claimed to: (1) conserve fuel, (2) eliminate the exhaust pollutants that are generated when vehicle warmth is maintained by idling the engine, and, (3) lower maintenance costs.  The device is also claimed to improve safety by eliminating the need to leave an unattended vehicle with its engine idling to maintain warmth.  Carbon monoxide poisoning risks are also alleviated.  EPA fully considered all of the information submitted by the applicant.  The evaluation of the "AUTOTHERM Energy Conservation System" was based on that information and the results of an Air Force test project. of an Air Force test project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:24:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/267548</guid>
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      <title>TECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCING AIR POLLUTION ON THE MOTOR VEHICLE SECTOR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/266768</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automobile traffic as a source of air pollution is compared with power plants, households, and industry. Some concepts for reducing pollutant emissions with car exhaust are presented, e.g. 1. shifting of the ignition point witt lower peak temperatures of combustion and higher exhaust temperatures, 2. exhaust gas recirculation, and 3. catalyst technology.  The article discusses the technical side of these concepts as well as their advantages and shortcomings with regard to emission, fuel consumption, and driving performance.  Finally, the problems of introducing new laws on exhaust emissions in the EC and the role of speed limits are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:11:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/266768</guid>
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      <title>EMISSION CONTROL IN PASSENGER CARS--A CONTRIBUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/265829</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A survey on various methods of exhaust gas purification of passenger cars and on consequences of technical solutions. The international emission control laws are described, then details are given on emission control of passenger cars with Otto- and Diesel engines.  Emission control of old cars requires refitting with suitable parts and measures such as CO-idle setting, NOsub(x)-emission control by checking and setting measures. A final summary deals with developments and tendencies in the FRG and Europe in general. the FRG and Europe in general.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 20:55:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/265829</guid>
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      <title>LEAD IN PETROL AND VEHICLE EMISSIONS. SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES SESSION 1984-85. 5TH REPORT WITH MINUTES OF EVIDENCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/214409</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Part 1 of this report examines the background of earlier legislative controls of vehicle emissions in Europe and elsewhere, and considers the content of the current proposals.  Part 2 discusses the issues arising from the directive on the lead and benzene content of petrol which was agreed in council on 6 December 1984.  Part 3 considers the environmental need for control of gaseous emissions from motor vehicles; the specific requirements of the emissions directive; the possible technological routes for achieving those requirements; and the respective merits of various drive cycles for testing and monitoring emissions from individual vehicles.  Part 4 contains the opinion of the committee and their recommendation.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 2004 01:33:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/214409</guid>
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      <title>EFFECTIVEMESS, BENEFITS, AND COSTS OF MORE-STRINGENT NITROGEN OXIDE AND PARTICULATE EMISSION CONTROLS FOR HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/213703</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the benefits, costs and effectiveness of a 4.0/bhp-h nitrogen oxides (NO/sub x/) emissions standard and a 0.25 g/bhp-h particulate emission standard for heavy-duty engines (HDEs).  These standards were proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1981 and are still under review.  The proposed standards are stringent when compared with the NO/sub x/standard scheduled to take effect for all heavy-duty trucks on all test cycles in 1985 (10.7 g/bhp-h) and the current average particulate emmissions of heavy-duty diesel engines (HDDEs) (0.6 g/bhp-h).  There is no existing particulate standard. Hyudrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) standards are not directly examined in this study because the November 1983 EPA rulemaking will bring all HDDEs and most heavy-duty gasoline engines (HDGEs) into compliance with Clear Air Act HC and CO emissions, and these tradeoffs are examined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Nov 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/213703</guid>
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      <title>AIR POLLUTION FROM VEHICLES IN TRAFFIC</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/304911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report discusses pollution control of vehicles in use that are covered by more stringent exhaust gas purification demands from models 1989 and onwards.  In addition a system of spare part certification similar to the US system is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/304911</guid>
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      <title>CLEAN AIR THROUGH TRANSPORTATION: CHALLENGES IN MEETING NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/380836</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report, required by Section 108(f)(3) of the Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, addresses the issues of motor vehicles and air quality.  The report discusses the challenges faced in attempting to improve air quality through transportation programs.  It also provides a status report on meeting the transportation provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the air quality provisions of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991.  The contents are organized as follows:  (I) Introduction: A) Purpose and Scope of Report - The Provisions of Section 108(f)(3), B) Summary, and C) Background - CAA and ISTEA; (II) Challenges in Transportation and Air Quality Programs: A) MPOs Face Significant Challenges in Meeting New CAA Requirements, B) Reducing Vehicle Emissions Through TCMs is Difficult, C) By Themselves, Capital-Intensive Investments May Not Be the Best Way to Address Air Quality Concerns, D) Technological Improvements Have Reduced Vehicle Emissions Despite Increasing VMT, E) Better Data and Models Are Needed, and F) Beyond Transportation - Land Use, Public Acceptance, and Fiscal Constraints Figure Prominently; (III) Status of Programs:  A) Full Funding of ISTEA Would Help Meet Mobility and Air Quality Goals, B) Limited CAA Funds Exist for Air Quality Operations and Management, C) Regulations and Guidance Implementing CAA and ISTEA Have Been Issued, C) SIP Development, Revisions, and EPA Approvals Are Proceeding, and E) Transportation Plans, TIPs, and Conformity Determinations Are Also Proceeding; and (IV) Conclusions.  There are six appendices:  (A) Clean Air Act Section 108(f)(3); (B) Specific Transportation-Related Provisions of the Clean Air Act as Amended in 1990 for Ozone Nonattainment Area Classifications; (C) Transportation-Related Provisions of the Clean Air Act as Amended in 1990 for Carbon Monoxide (CO) Nonattainment Area Classifications; (D) Transportation-Related Provisions of the Clean Air Act as Amended in 1990 for PM-10 Nonattainment Area Classification; (E) Transportation Control Measures from Section 108(f)(1) of CAA; and (F) Transportation and Emissions Modeling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Dec 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/380836</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CATALYTIC CONVERTER INVESTIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/56488</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Starting with the 1975 model year, most California light duty vehicles came equipped with the catalytic converter as part of the emission control system. The catlytic converter is installed in the vehicle's exhaust system, upstream of the muffler. It promotes the burning of the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions from the engine, transforming them into relatively harmless carbon dioxide and water. Heat is generated in this oxidation process. The amount is dependent upon the combustible content of the exhaust gas entering the converter, the nature of the combustion product, and the air supply. With a normally functioning vehicle, the amount of combustible emissions is low and the heat generated, therefore, is relatively low. The harder the converter has to work to oxidize emissions, the hotter it becomes. In early 1975 both industry and government became concerned nationwide over fire incidents allegedly attributed to the catalytic converter. In light of this concern, in June of 1975 a Task Force was established through the Governor's Office to investigate the situation and determine whether a problem does in fact exist.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Sep 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/56488</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AUTOMOBILE AIR POLLUTION: EXHAUST ANALYSIS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/82832</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Methods for analyzing the exhaust from automobiles are discussed in the citations. The techniques include gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Reports are presented on monitors, types of emissions, smoke measurement, and exhaust composition. The studies cover direct and remote sampling and analytical techniques. (This updated bibliography contains 198 abstracts, 18 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 26 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/82832</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXHAUSTION, A GUIDE TO TRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/536995</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This publication contains a series of fact sheets on the environmental impact of the automobile, addressing the issues of vehicle exhaust and its impact, alternative and cleaner fuels, and alternative forms of transportation.  The sheets are intended to serve as background information and reference material.  Specific topics include: components of car exhaust and other automobile-related emissions; air quality in Canada; smog; climate change and the greenhouse effect; acid rain; stratospheric ozone depletion; hazardous air pollutants and the automobile; health impacts; modifications and improvements of diesel fuels; reformulated gasoline; alternative fuels such as propane, ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, and methanol; emissions standards and controls; inspection and maintenance programs; transportation demand management; driving behavior and the environment; and indirect costs of the automobile.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/536995</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PORTABLE EXHAUST EMISSION TEST BENCH FOR FLEET ASSESSMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485392</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The measurement of exhaust emissions is becoming an increasingly important area of expertise because of their contribution to air pollution control and more stringent emission standards introduced worldwide.  Following the growing demand, equipment manufacturers are introducing new, more technologically advanced measuring instruments.  The new testing equipment described in this paper has been custom designed with two criteria in mind: suitability for both diesel and automotive applications and portability for field measurements.  On-site fleet assessment according to EPA and SAE specifications are now made possible with this system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485392</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL COST ESTIMATES USING A PART-PRICING APPROACH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/475312</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a systematic approach is developed to estimate per-vehicle emission control costs by vehicle size and by manufacturer. Control costs are estimated using a detailed survey of prices of emission control parts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/475312</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ISSUES IN EMISSIONS CONTROL TECHNOLOGY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/573245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contents include: Advances in Pd Containing Three Way Catalyst Activity; Exhaust Emission from Passenger Cars During Engine Cold Start and Warm-Up; Catalyst Technology Satisfying Low Emission of Natural Gas Vehicle; Study of NOx Trap Reaction by Thermodynamic Calculation; In-Service Smoke and Particulate Measurements; A Software Program for Carrying Out Multi-Purpose Exhaust Composition Calculations; An Improved Model for Spark Ignition Engine Exhaust Hydrocarbons; Transient Flow Characteristics Inside the Catalytic Converter of a Firing Gasoline Engine; Solid-State Sensing Techniques for Automotive Aftermarket Emissions Analysis; and, Evaluation of NOx Storage Catalysts for Lean Burn Gasoline Fueled Passenger Cars.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/573245</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ENERGY MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/572739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In today's environment-conscious world, increasing levels of automotive emissions have been recognized as a major source of pollutants and greenhouse gases.  Despite increasingly stringent tailpipe emission standards, the increased use of the automobile has more than offset the lowered per-vehicle emissions. Consequently, there is a great deal of interest in so-called zero-emission vehicles, such as electric and hybrid-electric automobiles.  Although very attractive in terms of emissions, these vehicles present some design challenges which are not generally part of conventional automotive design.  One such challenge is the development of an effective energy management strategy for the vehicle.  While a conventional automobile has an engine whose power output far exceeds the average vehicle needs, hybrid electric vehicles generally have very limited energy reserves, and efficiency in the use of these reserves is paramount if acceptable overall performance is to be achieved. Many aspects of the vehicle design strongly influence the overall vehicle efficiency.  However, the actual performance achieved by any given driver is strongly dependent on the driver's skills. One way to reduce the effect of differences in driving skills is to provide for automatic accelerator control, permitting the vehicle to be driven in an efficient manner without necessitating extensive driver training.  This report describes an accelerator/brake control system developed for use on the Zia Roadrunner, New Mexico Tech's entry in the 1993 Sunrayce for solar-electric hybrid vehicles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/572739</guid>
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