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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Life Cycle Carbon Emissions Assessment of Recycled Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613318</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the largest CO2 emitter globally, China faces an urgent need to reduce its carbon emissions. The effective use of recycled aggregate in concrete offers a promising approach to reducing carbon emissions. However, current research in China lacks a comprehensive evaluation of recycled concrete in terms of CO2 emissions. This study adopted a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, incorporating carbonation effects in recycled concrete, to establish a comprehensive carbon emissions quantification model. By substituting coarse aggregates in C40 concrete with recycled aggregates, the study calculated carbon emissions and revealed that carbon emissions decreased with higher replacement rates of coarse aggregates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 14:10:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613318</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identification of High NOx Emissions of Refuse Trucks Based on a Smoothed Z-Score Algorithm</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613193</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The NOx emissions from sanitation vehicles have been a key issue for urban air quality. This study collected driving operation data of a refuse truck based on the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) platform in Nanjing, China. By classifying certain operation modes (including garbage collection activity and garbage transportation under different conditions), a Smoothed Z-score Algorithm was applied to identify the high NOx emissions of refuse trucks. The results show that the high emissions extracted by the algorithm account for 8.2% of the total duration and covers 40.4% of the NOx emissions in the whole process. Besides, the probability of high NOx emissions in different driving scenarios from the perspective of conditional probability is obtained to achieve the identification of high NOx emissions scenarios, which include numerical features such as operation mode and the characteristics of driving condition parameters such as speed, acceleration, v·a+, and engine power.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613193</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring the Influence Path of the Built Environment of Residence and Workplace on Commuting Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of a Mountainous Big City</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613149</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The mechanism of the built environment in the mountainous cities on commuting carbon emissions is unclear. This study aims to explore the influence path of the built environment of residence and workplace on commuting carbon emissions in a big mountainous city in southwest China. A path analysis model of commuting carbon emissions was established based on the neighbourhood-scale built environment data of commuters in Kunming, China. The model estimated results showed that the distance from the residential location to the city center and the land use mix at the residential area had a positive direct effect on commuting carbon emissions, while the land use mix at the workplace had a negative direct effect on commuting carbon emissions; some other built environmental variables of residence and workplace (population density, road network density, and number of bus stops or subway stations) had indirect effects through the commuting behaviors (distance, mode, and car ownership). The study also found that there were differences in the influence pathways of the built environment of residence and workplace on commuting carbon emissions. When designing urban carbon reduction strategies, it is necessary to consider the direct and indirect effects of the built environment on commuting carbon emissions. In particular, attention should be paid to the difference in the influence path and effect of the residence and the workplace built environment on commuting carbon emissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613149</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on Pollution and Carbon Emissions Accounting and Reduction Effects in Typical Highway Bridge Projects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613142</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Highway bridges play a crucial role in transportation infrastructure, but their construction and operation also have significant environmental impacts. To achieve sustainable development, it is essential to account for pollution and carbon emissions and evaluate the effectiveness of emissions reduction measures. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the current status and challenges in pollution and carbon emissions accounting, as well as emissions reduction effect evaluation for highway bridges. An assessment framework for pollutants and greenhouse gases is established. Case studies reveal that raw material production contributes significantly to total emissions, accounting for approximately 75.7% (after normalization). Among greenhouse gases, CO2 emissions dominate, accounting for about 45.3% of normalized emissions. Various optimization strategies are proposed and evaluated. The integrated application of these strategies can lead to a pollution and carbon reduction effect of approximately 3% (after normalization) of total emissions across different emissions reduction scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613142</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing the V2G Potential of E-Fuel-Based PHEV</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613126</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have dominated the discussion of end-use technologies for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration and even transportation decarbonization. Nonetheless, other vehicle types, such as Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), represent viable alternatives, particularly considering their growing market penetration and the adoption of low-carbon Electro-fuels (E-fuels). E-fuels, produced from combining hydrogen and captured carbon, enable PHEVs to operate with low or even zero carbon emissions. However, the specific role of PHEVs in V2G systems utilizing E-fuels has not been adequately analyzed. This study develops a multi-objective energy management model for assessing the economic and decarbonization potential of E-fuel-based PHEV in workplace V2G applications. The results reveal that while E-fuels can significantly reduce carbon emissions from PHEVs, they also impose higher operational costs. In the case study, E-fuels demonstrated the potential to reduce carbon emissions by approximately 50% compared to conventional gasoline. The cost-effectiveness of carbon emissions reduction for mixed fuels containing E-fuels was estimated at 0.401 ¥/kg CO2, fairly low as compared to other decarbonization pathways. Moreover, when the price of E-fuels decreases below 9 ¥/L and the drop-in rate of E-fuel increases to 0.5, mixed fuel starts to be used in PHEV.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613126</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preventive Maintenance Strategy for Port Collection and Distribution Roads Based on Benefit and Emissions Indicators</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613067</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Accurately predicting the optimal timing for preventive maintenance of road pavements aids road management and maintenance departments in developing effective maintenance plans and guiding the actual work on port collection and distribution roads. In this study, we propose an optimal preventive maintenance timing model based on benefit and emissions indicators. For benefits, a pavement performance degradation model for port roads is established by comparing and contrasting an optimized cosine function model, an exponential model, a linear model, and a logarithmic model. Regarding carbon dioxide emissions, the composition of emissions during the operation and maintenance phases is analyzed and defined. The emissions factor and quota methods are used to quantify carbon emissions and establish the emissions model. Finally, using port collection and distribution roads as the research subject, we constructed a multi-objective decision-making function aimed at maximizing benefits and minimizing carbon dioxide emissions. The eligible Pareto solution set was solved using MATLAB to optimize the timing of preventive maintenance. The optimal maintenance plan was then determined through marginal effect analysis, validating the feasibility and rationality of the proposed model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613067</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on Low-Carbon Multi-Modal Transportation Path Optimization: Incorporating Fuzzy Demand into Decision-Making Processes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613041</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the context of increasing emphasis on low-carbon transportation and the challenges posed by uncertain demand, this study applies TOPSIS fuzzy theory and NSGA-III algorithm to optimize multi-modal transportation paths. By integrating these methods, we develop a novel approach that simultaneously considers carbon emissions, costs, efficiency, and customer satisfaction under conditions of fuzzy demand. The proposed method is evaluated through a series of experiments, which demonstrate that it significantly enhances optimization performance, reducing average costs and average emissions by 33.62% and 31.79%, respectively, compared to existing methods. Furthermore, the approach provides robust solutions that are resilient to uncertainties in demand. This research contributes to the advancement of low-carbon multi-modal transportation and offers practical insights for decision-makers in the transportation sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613041</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-objective optimisation of recycled asphalt mixture considering strength, cost and carbon emission: a new framework based on life cycle assessment and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643685</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To achieve the durable and low-carbon balanced design for recycled asphalt mixture, this study developed a multi-objective optimisation framework that integrates non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO), back propagation neural network (BPNN) and life cycle assessment (LCA). Firstly, the prediction model of freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio (TSR) of recycled asphalt mixture was established based on PSO and BPNN hybrid model (PSO-BPNN). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the TSR prediction by PSO-BPNN is higher than 0.92. Then, the carbon emission and cost objective function of recycled asphalt mixture were calculated. NSGA-II was used to obtain the Pareto optimal solution set of TSR, carbon emission and cost of recycled asphalt mixture, and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was used to sort the pareto optimal solution set. The results showed that the first-ranked Pareto solution has the DRAP and the dosage of rejuvenating agent (DRA) of 60% and 9%, with TSR, carbon emission, and cost being 88.75%, 38.53kg, and 333.01RMB. The results of carbon emission analysis showed that the proportion of carbon emission in the mixing stage is the largest.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:02:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643685</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Properties and VOCs emission inhibition mechanism of UiO-66-(COOH)2 modified asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643650</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To promote green road development and reduce asphalt VOCs emission, this study synthesized a carboxyl-functionalized VOCs suppressant, UiO-66-(COOH)2, that integrates physical adsorption and non-covalent interactions. Analysis of UiO-66-(COOH)2 was performed using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA. Subsequently, the properties of the UiO-66-(COOH)2 modified asphalt were studied through penetration, ductility, and softening point tests, along with DSR tests. Finally, the suppression effect of UiO-66-(COOH)2 on asphalt VOCs was evaluated using GC-MS, and its suppression mechanism was thoroughly analyzed. The results demonstrated that UiO-66-(COOH)2 possesses carboxyl groups, high crystallinity, a well-defined crystal structure, and good thermal stability. The -COOH groups reinforce the asphalt's internal hydrogen-bonding network, thus suppressing VOC release. At the optimal content of 0.25wt%, the synergistic interactions between UiO-66-(COOH)2 and the asphalt network serve to reinforce the material's high-temperature stability and durability. UiO-66-(COOH)2 significantly suppressed asphalt VOCs emission; the number of species decreased by 25%, 37.5%, and 47.8% at 80?, 135?, and 180?, respectively. Notably, UiO-66-(COOH)2 showed selective adsorption towards the most hazardous VOCs, such as hydroxylamines, carboxylic acids, aromatics, olefins, and esters. This selectivity arises from its surface properties, pore structure, and non-covalent interactions with VOCs. This study provides innovative solutions and theoretical guidance for engineering low-emission asphalt binders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:02:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643650</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Towards an Integrated Environmental Modeling Platform for Sustainable Aviation and Urban Air Mobility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627805</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As aviation and urban air mobility (UAM) continue to expand, they create several challenges—ranging from environmental impact to infrastructure constraints—highlighting the urgent need for integrated and flexible solutions that can adapt to these evolving conditions. This paper presents the development of a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) that incorporates a selected subset of high-impact features from the broader RefMap platform—a modular suite of environmental modeling tools designed to support sustainability-oriented decision-making in both conventional aviation and UAM. Using a stakeholder-centered approach based on in-depth interviews, we identified and prioritized core functionalities across emissions reduction, noise mitigation, and trajectory optimization. The RefMap platform integrates real-time weather data, noise propagation modeling, CFD-based simulations, and multi-scale impact assessments to evaluate and enhance environmental performance. Findings reveal a strong demand for tools that bridge regulatory, operational, and environmental dimensions. This initial Minimum Viable Product (MVP) serves as a starting point for building a decision-support system that is easy to use, meets regulations, and potentially aligned with Europe’s sustainability goals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2026 16:16:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627805</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mitigation of Urban Air Pollution in Croatia: Current Trends in Establishing Low-Emission Zones</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627794</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Air pollution has been identified as a significant health issue, with road traffic being the primary source of atmospheric pollution in urban areas. To adopt those regulatory measures aiming to establish a framework based on sustainable urban mobility, Low-Emission Zones (LEZ) have been marked as the most effective traffic policy in urban spaces intended to tackle harmful emissions from road vehicles by providing a clear set of regulatory schemes to limit the access of non-compliant vehicles to the restricted area. This paper deals with the establishment of the LEZ in Croatia. The measures for stronger and specific public space preservation have been violated for years by intense traffic activities and congestion, as well as questionable urban space planning. By analyzing the best practices applied in various European cities and fundamental practical solutions for the successful implementation of LEZ in urban spaces, the designed model of LEZ has provided a defined methodology, objectives, and set regulatory policies. The establishment of an environmental area based on low emissions criteria could become an effective tool for urban space planning, which can significantly reduce acute exposure to external air pollution and other externalities. The implementation of specific air protection programs and analysis of relevant air quality data enables a determination of long-term development programs and future scenarios in establishing the LEZ.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2026 16:16:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627794</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Study on Vibration Aging Performance of Vehicle Carbon Canisters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2505883</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to the vibration of the vehicle, the performance of the vehicle carbon                     canisters will be changed, which will affect its control effect on the fuel                     evaporation emission. In this study, a vibration test platform capable of                     simulating vehicle vibration characteristics was used to simulate the possible                     vibration effects of the vehicle carbon canisters, and to analyze the absorption                     and desorption performance of the carbon canisters before and after long-term                     operation and its influence on vehicle evaporation emissions. The results show                     that the carbon canisters will precipitate the carbon powder after the                     continuous action of the forward and backward vibration of the vehicle. As a                     result, the ultimate adsorption and desorption amount of fuel vapor decreased,                     and the adsorption amount decreased more obviously. In the 48-hour Diurnal                     Breathing Loss (DBL) test, fuel vapor diffusion is more difficult due to the                     increased flow resistance of the carbon canisters after vibration, and fuel loss                     is reduced under unsaturated conditions, resulting in lower actual evaporative                     emissions. In evaporative emission control, it is necessary to adjust the                     control strategy reasonably according to the change of the working state of the                     carbon canisters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 09:03:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2505883</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A novel low-emission road asphalt: Preparation, road performance, and emission reduction efficacy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2454688</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To efficiently reduce the release of hazardous substances from road asphalt (AHS) under high temperatures, a novel low-emission asphalt was prepared with tourmaline/biochar/diatomite (TBD) composite and base asphalt in this research. The testing and evaluation method for the emission reduction efficacy of AHS was proposed. The preparation process parameters of TBD modified asphalt (TBD-A) were optimized. The micromorphology and the road performance of TBD-A were deeply studied. The AHS emission characteristics and emission reduction effects of TBD-A were clarified. The optimal ratio of TBD was recommended. The results indicated that the optimal shear temperature, shear speed, and shear time for preparing TBD-A were recommended as 150℃, 3000 rpm/min, and 40 min, respectively. TBD was equally dispersed throughout asphalt and worked well with it according to scanning electron microscopy. TBD improved the temperature sensitivity, enhanced the high temperature and aging resistance, improved the deformation resistance, and promoted the low temperature cracking resistance of asphalt. TBD-A emitted fewer AHS than basic asphalt. Increasing temperature and TBD content enhanced the emission reduction effect of TBD-A. The highest emission reduction rate of AHS exceeds 70 %. Considering the road performance and emission reduction efficiency of TBD-A, the TBD content was recommended as 20 %.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2024 10:39:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2454688</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identifying Sources of Evaporative Emissions - Using Hydrocarbon Profiles to Identify Emission Sources</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1786516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The new California LEV-II regulations for “near zero” evaporative emissions require a 75% reduction from current emission levels for light duty vehicles. To meet the challenge of satisfying these new regulations, there is an immediate need for an increased understanding of the sources of evaporative emissions. Hydrocarbon speciation by gas chromatography is a powerful analytical tool for determining the composition of complex hydrocarbon mixtures. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in the evaporative emissions from a number of prototype and recent production model gasoline-fueled vehicles. For a “typical” evaporative emissions sample, more than 90% of the emissions were found to be fuel-type hydrocarbons. When emission profiles from 2-day diurnal (SHED) tests on different vehicles were compared in terms of their gross features, discernable patterns emerged which provide valuable information regarding the sources of emissions. These profiles can be used to identify the probable cause of a failed SHED test. This report describes the application of the speciation methodology, provides examples of information obtained, and establishes a case for collecting speciation samples from all developmental SHED tests.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 05 Oct 2024 11:51:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1786516</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Light-duty vehicle organic gas emissions from tailpipe and evaporation: A review of influencing factors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406467</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vehicle organic gas emissions are becoming an increasingly significant pollution source in many cities, leading to serious negative impacts on human health and the environment. However, interest in vehicular emissions is currently mostly focused on the emission characteristics of regulated gas, while little information is available on the systematic overview of organic gas emissions, particularly under different conditions. This review classifies the current status of research and control measures regarding organic gas emissions from light-duty vehicles. The key factors influencing tailpipe and evaporative emissions, including temperature, fuel composition, vehicle mileage, driving conditions, and road conditions, are identified. Building upon this review, the authors conducted a case study to comprehensively assess the impact of temperature and fuel on organic gas emissions. Looking ahead, future research on organic gas emissions from motor vehicles could delve deeper into the component characteristics, evaporative emissions, and model applications. Better understanding the effects of crucial factors on organic gas emissions from vehicles would aid in effectively managing and regulating tailpipe and evaporative emissions, thereby improving atmospheric air quality.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 2024 13:22:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406467</guid>
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