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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Market Surveillance: Child Safety Equipment (CSE): Final Report: JACOP 2024</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681394</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this activity was to test child restraint systems in accordance with UNECE Regulation 129. The tested products are suitable for children from 0 to 15 months and older. They are rear-facing seats compatible with ISOFIX systems, seatbelts, or both. The project tested 12 child restraint systems: Nine stand-alone type-approved child car seats, including three seats in combination with a base in accordance with R129. Eight of the nine seats tested were not fully compliant with the static and/or dynamic test requirements and none of the bases were fully compliant. The static tests revealed widespread nonconformities, including incorrectly declared stature ranges, missing or non-permanent markings, incomplete or inconsistent user instructions, positioning issues during installation and evidence of corrosion on metal components. Only three of the nine fully tested seats passed all selective static tests, indicating deficiencies in meeting basic regulatory requirements. Dynamic tests, which assess the most safety-critical aspects, revealed major issues in seven out of the nine seats, meaning that almost all tested seats showed significant safety concerns. Failures were observed in one or more crash tests (frontal, rear, lateral), structural failures or component breakages (particularly headrests), and exceedance of biomechanical thresholds, compromising child safety during impact. These findings confirm that non-compliant child restraint systems are present on the EU market, posing serious safety risks to very young children. The project highlighted the importance of ensuring proper type-approval verification, clear consumer instructions, robust design and consistent quality control to prevent similar non-conformities in future market surveillance activities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:11:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681394</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Flight Test of Very High Frequency (VHF) Communication Frequency Antenna Radiation Signal Levels From the Washington National Airport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2705401</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of the test flight was to collect signal level data radiated from Very High Frequency communications antennas located at the Washington National Airport (DCA). The data were to provide information on the coverage at a range of 40 nautical miles (nmi) and at 8,000 feet mean sea level (m.s.l.) and all approaches and departures of the airport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 09:35:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2705401</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Improved Signalized Intersection Performance Using Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712641</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Signalized intersections are critical points in urban transportation networks where congestion, delays, and safety risks are most prominent. Traditional approaches for performance evaluation rely on manual field counts, loop detectors, or expensive infrastructure-based systems, which are often limited in accuracy, scalability, and adaptability. This project explored the use of computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) to develop automated tools for intersection performance analysis. Three primary methods were investigated: (1) a vehicle counting framework based on detection–tracking–counting pipelines; (2) a queue detection approach integrated with traffic light state recognition; and (3) pedestrian behavior and interaction. Vehicle counting was implemented using a virtual line-crossing strategy combined with advanced detection and tracking models, enabling accurate measurement of turn movements across multiple lanes. Queue detection, in turn, was achieved by associating detected vehicles within lane-specific regions of interest with real-time traffic light states, providing insights into demand and delay at intersections. The pedestrian-vehicle interaction is based on trajectory extraction at the intersection. All methods were tested on drone- and camera-based video datasets collected from Louisiana intersections. Results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieved high accuracy, robustness to environmental variations, and efficiency suitable for near-real-time applications. A user-friendly graphical interface was also developed to allow engineers to apply these methods to raw video data, facilitating data-driven decisions for signal timing, intersection design, and congestion mitigation. The study highlights the feasibility of AI-based computer vision systems as cost-effective, scalable, and reliable alternatives for traffic performance monitoring.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 07:28:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712641</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>First Quarterly Data Report for the Reliability and Maintainability Evaluation of the Basic Wide Microwave Landing System at Wallops Island, Virginia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703707</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is the first quarterly data report on the reliability and maintainability evaluation of the Basic Wide Microwave Landing System located at Wallops Island, Virginia. Chargeable and nonchargeable failures are defined. Chargeable failures are listed, and calculated reliability values are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2026 09:20:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703707</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Overview of Automated Terminal Services (ATS) Testbed Hardware</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automated Terminal Services (ATS) is a concept which was developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to enhance the ability of pilots to see and avoid other traffic, in accordance with existing Visual Flight Rules (VFR) procedures, at certain busy nontowered airports. It involves the use of a minicomputer, interfaced with an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) ground station, to track beacon-equipped aircraft operating in the vicinity of these airports. By the use of computerized voice transmissions, the minicomputer offers information such as weather data and issues traffic advisories. Following laboratory investigations utilizing flight simulators, a testbed was constructed by the FAA Technical Center and later removed to Miller Air Park near Toms River, New Jersey, for the purpose of evaluating the ATS concept (not the hardware or software per se) through the participation of volunteers from the flying public. This will be the subject of the final report by the FAA's Office of Systems Engineering Management (OSEM), AEM-20, on the ATS project. In order to document the construction of the testbed hardware itself, this hardware description has been prepared. It gives particular emphasis to the nonstandard, noncommercial components which were developed for the testbed. It does not cover those items which are commercially available and documented in manufacturers' technical manuals, nor does it cover software, which was prepared (except for the Weather Subsystem software) by the MITRE Corporation, METREK Division, under contract to the FAA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 17:09:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703686</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Automatic Traffic Advisory and Resolution Service [ATARS] Test and Evaluation Program</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The mission objective of the Automatic Traffic Advisory and Resolution Service (ATARS) is to increase civil aviation safety by reducing the potential for mid-air collisions and near-miss encounters that can result from: a. Aircraft deviations from assigned altitudes and/or routes due to pilot error or equipment malfunction; b. Air traffic control (ATC) system errors; c. ATC system hardware or software failures; and d. The inability of uncontrolled aircraft using see-and-avoid techniques to maintain safe separation from other aircraft. Computer software, hardware, and man-machine interface procedures are being developed to accomplish this objective. This test plan describes the tests that are to be performed on the ATARS hardware and software. It does not address the computer simulation studies and algorithm development being performed by other organizations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 17:09:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703683</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimal Double-Layer Smart EV Charging Using a Portable Multiconnector System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665580</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The reluctance of clients to actively engage in electric vehicle (EV) charging, combined with the scarcity of EV charging stations (EVCS), creates accessibility challenges and inefficiencies that hinder EV adoption. Existing planning approaches rely on static queue structures and fixed infrastructure, limiting their responsiveness to real-time demand and user urgency. To address this gap, we introduce a patented portable multiconnector system (PMS) that reduces CAPEX by allowing multiple EVs to connect to a single charger without major infrastructure upgrades. The system is governed by a two-stage strategy: 1) a double-layer laxity-based allocation (DLBA), managed by a queue management system (QMS), enabling dynamic, nonpreemptive reordering of EVs based on urgency; and 2) an enhanced energy management system (EMS) with a penalty mechanism to discourage noncritical charging, thereby reducing energy costs and mitigating grid impact. Designed to improve user experience by increasing accessibility and reducing waiting times while ensuring efficient infrastructure utilization, the PMS-DLBA-EMS framework is validated through a shopping center case study, demonstrating substantial reductions in operational expenses and superior service delivery compared to traditional architectures and static scheduling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2026 09:33:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665580</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>High-Frequency Dynamic Stiffness Measurements of Automotive Elastomers for Electric Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712087</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the demand for advanced elastomeric materials capable of meeting stringent noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) requirements. Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, EVs lack traditional masking noise generated by the powertrain.In the automotive industry, the dynamic stiffness of elastomers in internal combustion engines has traditionally been determined using hydraulic test rigs, with test frequencies limited to a maximum of 1,000 Hz. Measurements above this frequency range have not been possible and are conducted only through computerized FE or CAE calculation models.Electric drive systems, however, generate distinct tonal noise components in the high-frequency range up to 10,000 Hz, which are clearly perceptible even at low sound pressure levels. Consequently, the dynamic stiffness characteristics of elastomers up to 3,000 Hz are critical for optimizing NVH performance in EVs.This study focuses on high-frequency dynamic stiffness testing of automotive elastomers using a specialized high-frequency test rig. According to ISO 10846-1 [1], there are two methods for determining the dynamic stiffness of elastomers: the direct method (part 2) and the indirect method (part 3). This paper presents measurements carried out using the direct method, employing an electrodynamic shaker and applying static preload conditions.The objective is to accurately determine the frequency-dependent dynamic stiffness and damping properties of elastomeric components, such as engine mounts, bushings, and isolators, which play a crucial role in mitigating structure-borne noise and vibrations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 17:05:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712087</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Comprehensive Analysis of Sealing Methods for EV Battery Packs - Trends and Insights</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712080</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has introduced distinct engineering challenges, particularly in the design of battery packs, which are crucial for vehicle performance, safety, and longevity. A critical requirement is maintaining ingress protection (IP) ratings of IP67 or higher to protect the high voltage battery packs against water and dust exposure. These ratings are crucial for ensuring compliance with homologation standards and meeting the demands of diverse terrains and operating conditions. Consequently, achieving effective sealing of EV battery packs is a fundamental aspect of their design and engineering.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of sealing technologies employed in EV battery packs, focusing on four primary types: adhesive-based sealants, Formed-In-Place Gaskets, foam cut seals, and rubber gaskets. Benchmarking data collected from over 100 vehicle models across more than 50 brands provides insights into adoption trends, historical shifts, and the evolution of sealing technologies within the EV industry. The study examines potential reasons driving the choice of specific sealing methods, considering factors such as material properties, manufacturing costs, ease of application, and design considerations. While the analysis is based on industry trends and technical knowledge, it acknowledges that inferred strategies and preferences may differ slightly from the actual intentions or proprietary decisions of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Ultimately, this paper serves as a benchmark resource for researchers and industry professionals, offering critical insights into trends, challenges, and innovations in achieving optimal sealing performance for EV battery systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 17:05:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712080</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A novel portable integrated hybrid active–passive heave compensator for offshore lifting operations: Design, simulation and validation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2710038</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Offshore lifting operations are highly sensitive to vessel heave motion and the heave compensation system is essential for ensuring operational safety and extending the weather window. A novel portable integrated hybrid active–passive heave compensator (PI-HAHC) is developed, which adopts the dual-piston accumulator to combine the passive and active heave compensation system. The simplified dynamic model of PI-HAHC is given and a numerical model based on the AMESim platform is established. The mechanical parameters of the device are optimized based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the performance under different sea states. Different control strategies are implemented to investigate the effect of active heave compensation. The experimental tests are conducted to validate the dynamic performance and compensation efficiency of the proposed PI-HAHC system, with heave compensation efficiency reaching up to 98.38% in the prototype experiments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 16:38:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2710038</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design Optimization of Aircraft Light Optics: Eliminating Fasteners by Flexure-Based Clamp to Mitigate the Crack Formation and Validation through HALT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712136</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aircraft lighting systems play a vital role in ensuring operational safety, visibility, and regulatory compliance. Exterior lighting systems are essential for aircraft identification, navigation, collision avoidance, and ground operations under varying environmental conditions. These systems typically include navigation lights, anti-collision lights, landing and taxi lights. An aircraft lighting system comprises light sources, optical elements, electronic control units, power interfaces, wiring harnesses, and mechanical mounting structures. Among these components, optics are critical as they control light distribution, intensity, color accuracy, and efficiency while withstanding harsh aerospace environments such as vibration, thermal cycling, and aerodynamic loads. Aircraft exterior lights are subjected to severe thermo-mechanical stresses due to aerodynamic loading, vibration, and thermal cycling. The use of high-performance optical polymers such as Cyclo Olefin Polymers (COP) provides excellent light transmission and stability; however, their relatively lower mechanical toughness makes them susceptible to stress-induced cracking during assembly. In the baseline configuration, the Circuit Board Assembly (CBA) was fastened directly onto the optic using self-tapping screws. During assembly, frequent crack initiation was observed in the optic around the fastener locations, leading to concerns regarding reliability and maintainability. To address this issue, a redesigned mounting approach was developed that eliminated direct fastener penetration into the optic. Instead, the CBA is retained using a precision clamping mechanism, thereby distributing assembly loads uniformly and avoiding localized stress concentrations. COP material was retained due to its superior optical characteristics and compliance with photometric requirements for aircraft lighting applications. The redesigned optic-CBA interface was validated through Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT), incorporating combined vibration, temperature, and thermal shock profiles. Test results confirmed that the new clamping design prevented crack formation, improved mechanical robustness, and ensured long-term optical performance. This paper presents the problem definition, root cause analysis of fastener-induced cracking, the design rationale for adopting a clamp-based mechanism, and detailed HALT validation results. The study highlights the importance of integrating material properties, fastening strategies, and environmental testing in the design of aerospace lighting systems. The proposed design methodology provides a pathway to enhance reliability and lifecycle performance of critical optical components in aircraft applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 13:27:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712136</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Electric Health-Monitoring Wiring (E-Wiring) for Aircraft</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712135</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Modern aircraft depend on extensive electrical wiring networks for power distribution, avionics, and control systems; however, these wiring systems are vulnerable to wear, insulation degradation, and arcing over time, leading to safety risks and costly unscheduled maintenance. This paper introduces an advanced Electric Health-Monitoring Wiring (E-Wiring) system that integrates temperature, current, insulation, vibration, and environmental sensors directly into aircraft wiring harnesses to enable continuous monitoring and intelligent fault detection. Data from these embedded sensors are processed through a distributed edge AI network, forming an Electrical Health Monitoring System (EHMS) capable of real-time diagnostics, predictive maintenance, and fault localization. The architecture comprises smart cable segments with sensor nodes, local harness gateways for edge processing, aircraft-level EHMS integration via AFDX/Ethernet, and cockpit or maintenance displays linked to ground-based cloud analytics for fleet-wide insights. We have an existing method to detect by using acoustic sensing method which can detect ongoing insulation chafing or a cut, they are limited in identifying pre-existing damages and by adding multiple acoustics in the existing wire harnesses it’ll add extra load to the aircraft. To overcome this, the system incorporates Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technology to detect both existing and potential wiring faults. The TDR circuitry interfaces with onboard devices, injecting test signals into wiring to pinpoint insulation anomalies or conductor breaks without adding significant weight or complexity. The proposed E-Wiring and EHMS solution enhances aircraft safety, reduces maintenance costs, and improves operational availability, offering a scalable approach for both retrofit and new-generation aircraft.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 13:27:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712135</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparative Study between MQTT 3.1 and MQTT 5.0: Evaluating Theoretical Enhancements Through Practical Throughput Benchmarks for Aerospace IoT Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712095</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As aerospace platforms adopt increasingly interconnected architectures for avionics, telemetry, and predictive diagnostics, lightweight publish–subscribe protocols have become integral to communication efficiency. The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is widely employed due to its small footprint and low network overhead. The release of MQTT 5.0 introduces new control features—reason codes, session expiry, user properties, topic aliasing, shared subscriptions, and improved error feedback—aimed at enhancing scalability and diagnostic reliability. However, these benefits come with trade-offs in complexity and potential overhead, particularly in real-time and resource-constrained environments typical in aerospace. This paper evaluates MQTT 3.1 and MQTT 5.0 within aerospace IoT contexts using a Raspberry Pi–based experimental framework. The analysis is done using practical throughput benchmarks implemented via popular open-source tools like Eclipse Mosquitto Clients. Realistic aerospace communication scenarios are modeled for inter-module messaging, under varying QoS levels and payload conditions. Comparative throughput, latency, and broker resource utilization benchmarks were conducted under multiple QoS levels and payload sizes to quantify the trade-offs between functionality and efficiency. This research aims to empirically validate the theoretical improvements of MQTT 5.0 on realistic embedded hardware and under controlled network constraints, replicating operational aerospace environments. Results show that MQTT 5.0 provides measurable advantages in complex, multi-tenant environments but introduces moderate processing overhead. Recommendations are proposed for selecting the optimal MQTT version for aerospace deployments and strategies for seamless migration from legacy systems [8].]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 13:20:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712095</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Numerical Methodology for Aircraft Light Explosion Proofness Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712092</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increasing demand for safety and reliability in aerospace applications necessitates rigorous testing of aircraft components, including light units, for explosion proofness. Traditional explosion proofness tests are destructive, expensive, and time-consuming, requiring significant resources for test setups and prototypes. To address these challenges, this research presents a numerical methodology using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate the explosion proofness for aircraft light units. The primary motivation of this study is to establish a computational framework that supports early-stage design screening, reduces the number of physical prototypes, and enhances understanding of explosion behavior before formal qualification testing.This work contributes to advancing engineering practices in the aerospace industry by demonstrating the efficacy of CFD simulations in evaluating and enhancing the explosion proofness of light units. The proposed CFD model, implemented in ANSYS Fluent, adheres to the standards outlined in DO 160 for case setup, ensuring the accuracy and relevance of the simulation results. The methodology involves creating a simulation domain for the light unit, initially containing an air-fuel mixture with a localized high-temperature region to initiate ignition. This setup replicates the conditions of actual explosion proofness tests, providing a realistic assessment of light unit performanceThis CFD simulation methodology incorporates reduced chemical reaction mechanisms to model the explosion process effectively. By simplifying the chemical reactions involved, the computational load is minimized, making the simulations both accurate and feasible. This approach ensures that the CFD model can provide precise insights into the explosion dynamics while maintaining computational efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 13:20:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712092</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Non-Intrusive Fatigue Detection for Pilots</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712086</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pilot fatigue represents a critical concern in aviation safety, as it can significantly impair cognitive functions, decision-making abilities, and reaction times. In addition to decreasing performance, in-flight chronic fatigue has negative long-term health effects. Possible causes of fatigue include sleep loss, extended time awake, circadian phase irregularities and workload. Conventionally, the risk due to fatigue in aerospace is reduced by flight time limits and controlled rest requirements. Despite regulations limiting flight time and enabling optimal rostering, fatigue cannot be prevented completely. Hence, there is need to detect pilot fatigue in real time.There is ongoing research to detect pilot fatigue using devices that can capture Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG). Though these devices have high fidelity, they are intrusive and can limit pilot activity. This limitation could potentially be overcome by non-intrusive devices such as a smart watch/wrist band/goggles which can measure physiological parameters that provide insights into pilot’s mental health. Heart rate variability (HRV) is one such physiological marker of interest for detecting pilot fatigue in real time. HRV can be effectively derived by processing raw Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals to gain insights into the autonomic nervous system, enabling the assessment of physiological state. Wearable devices such as a wristwatch are used in the current study to measure PPG data. Time and frequency domain analysis were performed to evaluate the potential of HRV indices. The analysis of R-R intervals and the Low Frequency / High Frequency (LF/HF) ratio plots, derived from HRV signals, revealed distinct characteristics that differentiate between an alert and a fatigued pilot. This study demonstrates a reliable non-intrusive method for detecting pilot fatigue and enhancing flight safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 13:18:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712086</guid>
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