<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>SOME OBERSERVATIONS ON THE INTERPRETATION OF CREEP DATA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/120130</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SOME PUBLISHED CONCEPTS OF THE NATURE OF CREEP BETRAY MISUNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE PLAYED BY ABSORBED WATER. STRONGLY ABSORBED WATER IS A STRUCTURAL, LOAD-BEARING COMPONENT WHICH MUST CHANGE IN QUANTITY AS WELL AS IN THE STATE OF STRESS WHEN THE SYSTEM CHANGES FROM ONE STATE OF MECHANICAL EQUILIBRIUM TO ANOTHER. THIS CHARACTERISTIC OF ABSORBED WATER ACCOUNTS FOR REVERSIBLE CREEP. A SIMPLE, NEW RHEOLOGICAL MODEL SHOWS THE REQUIREMENTS FOR RE-ESTABLISHING MECHANICAL AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM AFTER A LOAD IS APPLIED, AND AFTER REMOVAL. REVERSIBLE CREEP INVOLES LOSS AND GRAIN OF WATER. CREEP DOES NOT TRANSFER THE STRESS IN WATER TO THE SOLID FRAME WORK. THE RELATION OF CREEP TO SHRINKAGE, AND SEVERAL OTHER ASPECTS OF THE TOPIC ARE DISCUSSED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:34:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/120130</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXACT METHOD FOR STATIC AND NATURAL VIBRATION ANALYSES ON BI-PERIODIC STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/635894</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U-transformation technique has been applied successfully to the analysis of periodic structures and nearly periodic structures.  In this study, the technique will be extended to the analysis of bi-periodic structures under static loading or natural vibration, since it is possible to uncouple the governing equation by applying the U-transformation twice.  To explain the method used in this paper, a simple cyclic system with bi-periodicity is considered first.  It helps to demonstrate the procedures for uncoupling the static equilibrium equation to obtain the closed form solution for displacement and the natural vibration equation to obtain the natural frequencies and modes. Then a continuous beam with equidistant rigid and elastic supports (a structure with bi-periodicity), subjected to a concentrated load, is studied and the generalized analytical solution is derived.  Some numerical results are also given. Though not illustrated, it is obvious that the arbitrary static loading condition can be dealt with in the same manner.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/635894</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/475964</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The current program of bridge assessments in the United Kingdom has presented bridge owners with a substantial problem as conventional analysis techniques have suggested that many structures have insufficient capacity for current highway loading.  With their general application, improved assessment techniques, which more accurately reflect the true capacity of structures, can prove highly cost effective in extending the useful life of structures.  The Wood-Amer equations were derived for the design of reinforced concrete slabs subject to complex loadings.  The equations ensure that the capacity of a slab is not exceeded in flexure by an imposed loading, wile minimizing the total amount of reinforcement required.  However, the use of these equations for assessment leads to a conservative estimate of structural capacity in all cases where steel is not distributed optimally.  The optimality condition is a constraint in design problems that is not relevant to assessment problems, and its use can lead to adequate structures being condemned as unsafe.  The present analysis is based on the same fundamental principles as those set out by Hillerbourg, which were extended by Wood and Amer in the derivation of the Wood-Amer equations, but it assumes that the reinforcement arrangement is already known.  The methodology provides a systematic approach to assess whether a reinforced concrete slab has sufficient capacity to withstand an imposed loading, quantified by determination of the factor of safety on that loading.  Examples are presented demonstrating how the method can readily be applied to the assessment of reinforced concrete bridge decks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/475964</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BEAM-COLUMN METHOD FOR TIEBACK WALLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/475423</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The beam-column method for the design of tieback walls is of intermediate complexity between the pressure diagram methods and the finite-element method.  A set of recommended P-y, F-w, and Q-w curves are presented for the soil model, and the P-y method is described to simulate properly the construction sequence of excavation and tieback stressing.  The recommended beam-column method is evaluated by comparing predictions with the measured behavior of four full-scale tieback walls in sand and in clay. The most influencing factors are identified through a parametric analysis and a comparison with four pressure diagram methods is presented.  The beam-column method is a deflection-based method that satisfies the vertical, horizontal, and moment equilibrium of the wall.  These significant and fundamental advantages over the pressure diagram methods make it a superior method, which should be used anytime the added complexity is warranted.  The most severe limitation of the beam-column method is its inability to properly account for mass phenomena, namely, mass movement and downdrag.  The most useful aspect of the beam-column method is its ability to give better bending moment profiles than the pressure diagram methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/475423</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ACI SHEAR AND TORSION PROVISIONS FOR PRESTRESSED HOLLOW GIRDERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/474922</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New torsion design provisions have been proposed for the 1995 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Building Code.  As compared with the 1989 provisions, these generalized 1995 provisions have three advantages: they are applicable to closed cross sections of arbitrary shapes; they are applicable to prestressed concrete; and they are considerably simplified by deleting the "torsional concrete contribution" and its interaction with shear.  These new provisions are suitable for application to concrete guideways and bridges, because these large structures are always prestressed and are often chosen to have hollow box sections of various shapes. This paper discusses the background of the new code provisions, suggests modifications to code formulas, and illustrates the application of the code provisions to prestressed hollow girders by way of a guideway example.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 28 Dec 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/474922</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE OF NONLINEAR CONSTITUTIVE LAW ON MASONRY PIER STABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/577539</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The stability condition of cantilevered masonry piers subjected to their own weight and to a concentrated compressive top load is investigated, considering no-tension material with nonlinear stress-strain law in compression, of an experimental nature, and including softening behavior.  The analysis is carried out by improving a numerical approach adopted in previous works where stability problems were solved assuming an infinitely elastic linear constitutive law in compression.  Before the geometrical nonlinearity is considered, the limit equilibrium of a typical pier rectangular cross section is detected assuming unlimited available compressive strain.  This preliminary analysis allows one to determine analytically the limit value that has to be imposed on the eccentricity of the resultant compressive force and to derive the moment-curvature relationships on which the second-order effects depend.  Then the stability domains are derived in dimensionless form, and their boundaries are modeled by analytical approximate expressions of practical use.  Some numerical examples show that, depending on the average normal stress level, the assumption of an approximate linear constitutive law in compression, affected by the same elasticity modulus as that at the origin of the actual stress-strain law, can provide an unacceptable overestimate of the critical load.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Nov 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/577539</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SECOND-ORDER ELASTIC PLANE-FRAME ANALYSIS USING FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/577516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Members of a plane-frame structure may be subjected to a combination of lateral loads, end moments, and axial forces. Analysis of such a structure may be classified as elementary, first-order, or second-order, depending on the load conditions, magnitude of displacements, and method of solution.  A numerical procedure is presented for the solution of geometrically nonlinear problems considering second-order effects.  After a brief literature review, the paper presents the assumptions pertinent to the research; the relationship between the engineering strain and Green strain tensor considering small strain and moderate to large rotations; finite-element consideration in the derivation of the incremental stiffness matrices using increments of total potential energy and the concepts of a variational method; a procedure for the solution of the nonlinear problems and its algorithm; numerical examples and comparison of the numerical results with published literature; and conclusions and results.  The algorithm that is presented is useful in identifying the differences between the first- and second-order analysis of structural systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/577516</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MODERN FORMULATION FOR PREELASTIC THEORIES ON MASONRY ARCHES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/482330</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors investigate the masonry arch--a system of rigid voussoirs subject to unilateral constraints--by applying the principle of virtual work to define a general criterion providing the necessary and sufficient conditions for the equilibrium of the arch.  Because the assumptions of the formulation coincide with the assumptions of the preelastic theories, the historical approaches were reviewed, which reveal that their criteria are encompassed in the present expression.  A parametric analysis was conducted with reference to geometry and friction for a semicircular arch of constant thickness and subject to its own weight.  The value range for the thrust at the crown required for the equilibrium to exist was determined and a geometric safety factor was defined.  A comparison of the results for the arch of minimum thickness with those derived from the historical theories and more recent expressions was made.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 20 Apr 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/482330</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PSEUDOSTATIC SEISMIC STABILITY OF SLOPES: DESIGN CHARTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/409539</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors of this technical paper modify a variational limiting equilibrium method to include a pseudostatic seismic force to assess the stability of simple slopes.  The minimum factor of safety is determined via the mathematical computation of the normal stress distribution over the potential slip surface.  The equation describing this distribution contains terms related to seismicity and makes the problem statically determinate without a priori statical assumptions.  A closed-form solution is obtained and a parametric study of the effects of pseudostatic seismic force is conducted easily.  In addition, design charts for assessing the seismic stability of simple slopes are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/409539</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SEISMIC BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENTS OF FOUNDATIONS. DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/409532</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by Richards, Elms, and Budhu, published in this journal (Volume 119, Number 4, April 1993), is presented.  The discussion focuses on a method to evaluate the seismic response of foundations on nonliquefiable granular materials.  Fernandez and Shahien write that the approach presented is based on a series of incorrect assumptions, which would lead to underestimating significantly the stability of the foundations.  Soubra disagrees with the classification of the approach as upper-bound method of limit analysis, suggesting that the method is one of limit equilibrium.  Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 24 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/409532</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STIFFNESS ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES BY ITERATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/105429</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE STIFFNESS METHOD IS APPLIED TO THE NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES BY MEANS OF SUCCESSIVE ITERATION. THE INTERNAL BAR FORCES ARE EVALUATED ON THE DEFORMED SHAPE OF EACH MEMBER AND THEN THE EQUILIBRIUM IS TESTED AT EVERY JOINT BETWEEN THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL LOADS. IF THE JOINT IS NOT IN EQUILIBRIUM, THE UNBALANCED FORCES ARE TAKEN AS THE NEW JOINT LOADS AND THE LINEAR STIFFNESS ANALYSIS IS REPEATED AS MANY TIMES AS NECESSARY, UNTIL THESE UNBALANCED JOINT LOADS DISAPPEAR. A SMALL NUMBER OF CYCLES IS SUFFICIENT TO OBTAIN THE EXACT RESULTS. /RRL/A/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 18 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/105429</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LATERAL STABILITY OF LONG PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS - PART 2</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/378348</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A theory for evaluating the lateral stability of long prestressed concrete I-beams supported from below is developed. The same principles are also applied to hanging beams.  The theory includes consideration of post-cracking behavior of prestressed concrete beams under lateral loads.  Data from the testing of a full-sized prestressed concrete beam are presented to verify the theory.  A method of computing factors of safety related to lateral stability is presented.  A numerical example is included, giving computations for the factors of safety for both hanging and bottom-supported beams.  A computer program in BASIC is furnished to facilitate these computations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jun 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/378348</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE APPLICATION OF PARALLEL PROCESSING TO TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT FOR USE WITH ROUTE GUIDANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/365828</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main objective of the work described in this paper was to investigate the potential for applying parallel processing to the traffic assignment process with special reference to its use with route guidance.  Existing traffic assignment methods and techniques are discussed.  Parallel processing is introduced and suggestions made for distributing the existing techniques as well as for developing new parallel methods.  Initial estimates of performances have been made for each, and preliminary recommendations made as to the best approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 May 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/365828</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT FOR URBAN ROAD NETWORKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/305315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) algorithm for urban road networks.  The DTA algorithm is intended for application to large transportation planning networks with flow dependent travel costs and multiple origin and destination zones.  The static user-equilibrium assignment problem (SUE) is a nonlinear programming problem with linear constraints that is typically solved by methods of linear combinations.  The dynamic user-equilibrium assignment problem with multiple origins and destinations (DUE) is a nonlinear programming problem with nonlinear constraints that cannot be solved by these methods. Moreover, the constraints needed to ensure temporal flow continuity at the nodes cannot be properly specified with DUE.  DTA is not a solution algorithm for DUE, but was designed instead to produce assignments that approximate the optimality conditions of DUE.  Alternative approaches to dynamic assignment are discussed, including those that have been formulated as optimization problems and others that have been developed to simulate or approximate observed traffic conditions.  Test results presented in this paper show that DTA generates both static and dynamic assignments that approximately satisfy the user-equilibrium of those problems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/305315</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ESTIMATING DEPARTURE TIMES FROM TRAFFIC COUNTS USING DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/305317</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A dynamic traffic assignment algorithm and observed traffic counts are used to estimate the distribution of departure times in a trip matrix.  The objective is to find the maximum entropy distribution of departure times by origin zone subject to observed traffic counts on a subject of network links.  The procedure results in the esti mated number of trip departures from each origin in 10-15 minute time intervals of the full analysis period.  Such an analysis period will typically range from one to three hours long. We first review the dynamic assignment algorithm developed and tested in a previous paper, and then describe its use with traffic counts to estimate the departure times of a trip matrix.  We present an application to a Pittsburgh network in which trip departures are estimated for each 10-minute interval of a peak-hour survey trip matrix. Computat ional advances such as parallel computing will enable the procedure to be run on large networks while counts are being monitored.  Such an application may provide near real-time detection of temporal trip departure profiles by origin zone.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/305317</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>