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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Thermal Runaway Propagation of Prismatic Lithium Ion Battery, whose Cell Case was Made by Steel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2505959</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aluminum is the main material of cell case of prismatic lithium ion battery, but using nickel electroplating steel sheets is expected to improve safety, increase volumetric energy density, reduce costs, and so on. In this study, prismatic lithium ion batteries using a nickel electroplating steel plate as a cell case was fabricated, and thermal runaway propagation was evaluated, it was confirmed that thermal runaway time was extended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2025 16:57:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2505959</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Validation of Numerical Electrodeposition Model for Various Paints and Pretreated Steel Plates and Its Application to Actual Carbody Simulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2296463</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors developed a numerical electrodeposition (ED) model and validated its accuracy by comparing experiments and simulations using various kinds of paints and pretreated steel plates. The model was implemented in a next-generation finite element code (ES-FEM), which achieves high accuracy even with 4-node tetrahedral meshes. Besides, it was demonstrated that the difference in paint and pretreatment properties can be simulated adequately in large-scale analysis using actual paint process and car body models.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2023 08:58:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2296463</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>New High Performance Process of Decorative Trivalent Chromium Plating</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1814490</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new decorative trivalent chromium electroplating process was developed and recently introduced to the market. The aim of the present paper is to discuss and compare the properties and operation conditions of the new process with the classical hexavalent chromium process and other types of trivalent electroplating processes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Sep 2022 11:26:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1814490</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Study on Selective Electroplating for Pattern/Lighting on Plastic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1847633</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For making metal touch feeling and lighting simultaneously, selective electroplating is widely applied in button, panel and etc. in interior/exterior parts of automotive. In this paper, new selective electroplating with printing are suggested as an alternative manufacturing process of two shot molding, PC (Polycarbonate) and ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene). Manufacturing process of selective electroplating with printing is as follows: For preventing to plate metal layer in area of letter or symbol, masking ink is printed on parts, button, panel, etc., with electroplatable PC+ABS. After conventional electroplating process, the part has electroplated metal layer except for the printed area. It had been studied the composition of ink and PC+ABS for obtaining skip plating and light transmittance on printed area. Main resin of ink for preventing electroplating had been chosen transparent PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), which does not react with chemicals of etching and electroless plating, so the metal layer by electroplating is not formed. And new PC+ABS is developed for reducing the yellowness and increasing light transmission. The authors are expecting to apply this new selective electroplating for reducing cost and improving the manufacturing process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Oct 2021 14:30:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1847633</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of an In-Situ Diagnostic to Detect Lithium Plating in Commercial Automotive Battery Cells</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1847338</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Lithium plating refers to the phenomenon where lithium metal is deposited onto the surface of the anode instead of being intercalated into the carbon sites of the graphite. The lithium metal will cover a portion of the surface area of the anode, which blocks intercalation sites and increases charge gradients. Lithium plating most often occurs when charging the battery at low ambient temperatures or at a high current rate, but lithium plating formation has also been linked to solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth towards the later stages of life. Lithium plating may significantly reduce a battery cell’s performance in terms of charge capacity, and if severe enough, the lithium metal may form a bridge across the separator of the cell, leading to short circuits and potential safety concerns. The internal research performed by Southwest Research Institute explored how to create a battery model to detect the formation of lithium plating in real time. In conjunction with the battery model, a controller was developed to help define a safe and fast charge profile. The controller used a cost function to balance the coulombic efficiency versus lithium plating to ‘learn’ an optimized charge profile for a nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) pouch cell used in a passenger vehicle. Results have indicated the optimized charge profile is capable of reducing the overall charge time by approximately 37% when compared to the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) Level 3 fast charge profile, and it showed significantly improved capacity retention when compared to a constant current constant voltage (CCCV) baseline cycle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Jul 2021 12:34:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1847338</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Case Hardened Steel Fasteners</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1561538</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This work establishes the relationship between core hardness, case hardness, and case depth on susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of case hardened steel fasteners. Such fasteners have a high surface hardness in order to create their own threads in a mating hole, and are commonly used to attach bracketry and sheet metal in automotive applications. While case hardened fasteners have been studied previously, there are currently no processing guidelines supported by quantitative data for fastener standards. Through sustained load embrittlement testing techniques, the susceptibility of case hardened steel tapping screws to internal and environmental hydrogen embrittlement is examined. Further characterization of the fastener samples through microhardness testing, microstructure review, and fracture surface examination allows the investigation of susceptibility thresholds. It is shown that core hardness is the primary consideration for susceptibility. However, the fastener surface is prone to failure before the bulk section, up to the case depth, according to the case hardness. The zinc acid electroplating process used on the fasteners in this study appeared not to induce internal hydrogen embrittlement. However, baking durations commonly used for hydrogen embrittlement relief are shown to be ineffective and possibly detrimental.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Feb 2020 09:07:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1561538</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis on Salt and Soil Component on Corrosion for Decorative Chrome Plating</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1500159</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The specific dissolution and exfoliation of chrome plating in Russia is studied. As a result of investigation and analysis of organic compounds in Russian soil, it was found they contained high concentrations of fulvic acid. Additionally, it was found that fulvic acid, together with CaCl₂ (a snow melting agent), cause chrome plating corrosion. The fulvic acid generates a compound which prevents the reformation of the passivation film and which deteriorates the effect of sacrificial protection of nickel for corrosion.ロシア市場等における装飾クロムめっきの腐食についてメカニズム解析を行った．土壌成分中の有機酸の存在が明らかになり，クロムめっきのクロムと有機酸が錯体を生成することでクロムの不動態皮膜を破壊し，更にクロム層とニッケル層の電位変化によるニッケル層の犠牲腐食効果喪失が判明した．クロムめっき腐食はクロム層の腐食だけではなく，ニッケル層がクロム界面に沿って腐食し，クロムが脱落するという2つの原因で発生していることが明確になった．]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2018 16:47:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1500159</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improving Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pull-out Strength with Nanoscale Iron Oxide Coating</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1338151</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) has been extensively used all over the world for over 40 years. Steel fiber, being the first and most commonly employed reinforcement fiber, is always favored as the dispersed reinforcement for concrete accredit to the improvement towards toughness, flexural strength, tensile strength and impact strength, as well as altering the failure mode. This article depicts a nanoscale reinforcement by iron oxide coatings on steel fibers prepared by electrodeposition method. The results indicate that pristine Fe2O3, Fe2O3 nanorods and nanosheets were synthesized under different depositing current intensities. Corresponding pull-out tests revealed that iron oxide coating showed a strengthen effect up to 100% compared to the plain FRC sample.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2015 10:03:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1338151</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOLIDIFICATION OF ELECTROPLATING SLUDGE USING ALKALI-ACTIVATED PULVERIZED FUEL ASH AS CEMENTITIOUS BINDER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/744535</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigated the potential for utilization of alkali-activated PFA as solidification binder to treat electroplating sludge. The sludge was solidified using 30 wt. percent of lime and 70 wt. percent of PFA. Two alkali activators, Na(2)SiO(3) and Na(2)CO(3), were added at 0, 4, 6, and 8 wt. percent. Results showed that early strength development of lime-PFA cements with Na2SiO3 and Na2CO3 was considerably higher than those without. Addition of electroplating sludge resulted in reduced strength. The strength reduction was greater when 4 percent Na(2)SiO(3) activator was used than when 8 percent Na(2)CO(3) activator was used. A higher pH of Na(2)SiO(3) solution (pH=13.5) compared to that of Na(2)CO(3) solution (pH=11.9) resulted in resolubilization of metal hydroxides from the electroplating sludge, which competed with calcium ion for soluble silicate. In addition, Pb, Cd, and Cu were not found in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leachates. Cr, Zn, and Fe were detected and in some cases Cr exceeded U.S. EPA allowable limits.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Nov 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/744535</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REPAIRING AND REFITTING HYDRAULIC MACHINERY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391169</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Failure to achieve clean conditions is the cause of most breakdowns in hydraulic equipment. In repair the first precaution must be to prevent further contamination and then thoroughly to clean all the parts before re-assembly. Components which have deteriorated can be built up or fitted with oversize mating parts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391169</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT PROBLEMS WITH PLATED FASTENERS AND OTHER HARDWARE ITEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/406798</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A brief tutorial is presented on the hydrogen embrittlement of electroplated parts. Definitions are presented of embrittled classes and of the terms necessary to describe the characteristics of the various stages of hydrogen embrittlement. Problems associated with the electroplating of threaded fasteners are described, as is the baking operation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/406798</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WELDABLE PHOSPHATE COATING FOR STEEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/106812</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE FIRST WELDABLE COATING FOR STEEL HAS BEEN ANNOUNCED BY INTERNATIONAL RUSTPROOF CO. THE COATING DOES NOT IMPAIR THE WELDABILITY OF THE STEEL SUBSTRATE, AND LEAD PHOSPHATE COATING CAN BE APPLIED TO STEEL AT THE MILL DURING FABRICATION, SERVE AS A PROTECTIVE CORROSION BARRIER DURING TRANSIT AND STORAGE, AND THEN REMAIN ON THE STEEL DURING SUBSEQUENT FORMING AND DRAWING OPERATIONS. THE COATING AFFORDS GOOD PROTECTION AGAINST RUST, REDUCES FRICTION IN DRAWING OPERATIONS, CREATES A BASE FOR ELECTROPLATING OPERATIONS, AND IS HIGHLY RESISTANT TO REMOVAL BY ALL THE STRONGEST ALKALIES AND MINERAL ACIDS. THE COATINGS CONSIST OF HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS AND ARE SIMILAR IN APPEARANCE TO APATITE (A COMPLEX, CALCIUM FLUORIDE -- CALCIUM PHOSPHATE). THE COATING PROVIDES A GOOD PAINT BASE AND REDUCES POWER REQUIREMENTS IN ELECTROCOATING COMPARED WITH ZINC PHOSPHATED STEEL.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Feb 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/106812</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPROACHES TO THE BRUSH PLATING TECHNIQUE. SELECTED PAPERS ON HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH 1988</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/361115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The deposit process of brush plating and the fatigue strength of the deposition are studied in this paper.  A new presumption of brush plating deposit mechanism known as the mechanism of alluvial deposition is proposed according to the properties such as metallographic stratified deposition, small grain size, friction caused by relative motion between workpiece and anode, and high concentration of metal ion in plating solution.  During the deposit process, the metallic ions dissolved in the electrolytic solution are discharged and crystallized under the action of electric field force and the friction caused by relative motion, just as in the process of sand depositing in sea waves.  A new opinion is proposed that a brush plating deposition of 0.2 mm thick on No. 45 steel will reduce the fatigue strength of base metal by more than 30 percent. This does not agree with the conclusion in other papers published at home and abroad that the brush plating deposition only reduces slightly the fatigue strength of the base metal.  When the base metals are well behaved plastoelastic materials and their stress state is not complicated, the reduction of fatigue strength will be less.  On the other hand, when the base metals are brittle materials with high strength and are in complicated stress state, the reduction will be great.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Nov 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/361115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROPLATED TERNE SHEET</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/305111</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The electrodeposition behavior of Pb-Sn alloy and properties of terne (Pb-Sn alloy) electroplated steel sheet were investigated to develop electroplated terne steel sheet for automotive gasoline tank applications.  The electrodeposition of Pb-Sn alloy from fluoborate bath containing hydroquinon was of regular type of codeposition. The alloy composition was kept nearly constant in the wide range of manufacturing conditions, and high current density was applicable.  Thus, terne electroplating from fluoborate bath is advantageous.  Electroplated terneplate with the coatings containing 6% Sn or more met all the requirements for automotive gasoline tank material, such as corrosion resistance, solderability and weldability.  Electroplated terne steel sheet proved to be suitable for gasoline tank material by evaluating real gasoline tank made of electroplated terne steel sheet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 May 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/305111</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT AND PROPERTIES OF ZN-NI ALLOY ELECTROPLATED STEEL SHEET (DURZINKLITE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/272103</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based on studies on the corrosion control mechanism of metallic zinc in a neutral atmosphere, Nippon Steel developed Durzinklite, a steel sheet electroplated with a gamma-phase zinc-nickel alloy that contains cobalt, established technology for producing Durzinklite on a commercial basis, and practically applied Durzinklite as corrosion-resistant automotive steel.  Durzinklite combines good formability, weldability and corrosion resistance. Using a computer control system, Durzinklite of consistent quality is stably produced and supplied to customers.  The wet adhesion problem of cathodic electrodeposited film has been solved through the improvement of such application techniques as phosphating and primer coating techniques. The good automobile corrosion protection of Durzinklite is confirmed by cyclic corrosion test on body parts, running test on deicing salt-covered roads and monitor car running test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/272103</guid>
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