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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Preparing Today’s Workforce for Tomorrow’s Autonomous Transportation: Bridging Electrical and Civil Engineering Disciplines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2746300</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to transform transportation systems and reshape workforce needs across engineering and related fields. Although existing AV workforce development efforts often emphasize electrical engineering, computer science, and mechanical engineering, transportation engineering remains underrepresented despite its importance to infrastructure, traffic operations, safety, and mobility integration. This study addresses that gap through the development, implementation, and evaluation of an interdisciplinary certificate program, Workforce for Autonomous Vehicle Engineering (WAVE), at California State University, Sacramento. The program was designed to bridge transportation engineering and electrical engineering through a two-step curriculum model consisting of theoretical educational modules and hands-on laboratory activities. Transportation engineering modules covered traffic control devices, traffic signal timing and phasing, traffic flow theory, roadway geometric design, and supplementary topics such as human factors, level of service, and intelligent transportation systems. Electrical engineering modules addressed signals and systems, sensing technologies, sensor fusion and artificial intelligence, control systems, and communication systems. The program was delivered over seven weeks to 53 civil and electrical engineering students through a customized Canvas platform and laboratory sessions using the QCar AV platform. Program effectiveness was evaluated using a three-layer framework: pre- and post-surveys, student program evaluation, and review by a panel of industry experts. Results showed substantial improvement in both student competence and confidence, strong positive student perceptions of the curriculum and laboratory experience, and strong validation from industry experts regarding the program’s interdisciplinary structure and workforce relevance. The findings demonstrate that integrating transportation engineering with electrical engineering through theory-based and experiential learning provides an effective model for preparing students for emerging careers in the AV workforce.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 08:44:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2746300</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2021: Rail Transportation Information Processing and Operational Management Technologies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2684504</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book reflects the latest research trends, methods, and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians, and industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and government will also explore an insightful view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation and electrical and information technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 16:59:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2684504</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Multi-location Scenario-based Serious Game in a Virtual Ship Environment for Enhancing Electrical Troubleshooting Learning Process of Marine Electrical Engineers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573050</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One critical human factor that can jeopardize ship safety is failing to address known problems. Troubleshooting abilities are crucial for marine electrical engineers and electro-technical teams, yet this ability is typically developed gradually through field experience. Recent technology provides significant opportunities for creating advanced educational media in maritime education, such as full mission simulators for navigational training. However, its application in electrical troubleshooting remains limited. Serious games allow students to gain experience in troubleshooting without concern for safety or system damage, while also offering flexibility and accessibility from any location. This article proposes a representation of real-world troubleshooting involving multiple locations through a serious game simulator. The presented design framework facilitates clear communication between educators, experts, and game developers, especially for structured multi-location scenarios. As proof of work, an earth fault troubleshooting game was developed using Unreal Engine 5 and tested on 40 marine electrical engineering students, significantly improving test scores (t-statistic: 2.242; p-value: 0.031). In addition, the most significant impact is interest in further learning, scoring 4.4 out of 5, reflecting increased knowledge and confidence. These results underscore the potential of serious games for marine electrical engineering and broader maritime education and training applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2025 09:05:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573050</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Applicability Evaluation of Photovoltaic System in Integrated Transportation-Energy Scenarios</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475503</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An assessment method based on the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proposed, aiming at solving the applicability of photovoltaic systems in transportation energy integration. A key performance indicator of photovoltaic modules in integrated transportation-energy scenarios is first constructed in the study, and the evaluation system is then constructed. The evaluation system is based on the characteristics of the transportation system and is carried out in four aspects and involves 15 indicators. Furthermore, the hierarchical analysis method is used to analyze and determine the weights of the evaluation system, and the indicators at each level are evaluated layer by layer using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, which considers the uncertainty and fuzziness factors. The results of the study provide a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation basis for the adaptability of photovoltaic systems in integrated transportation-energy scenarios and provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale promotion of photovoltaic systems in transportation scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 09:58:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475503</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2019: Rail Transportation System Safety and Maintenance Technologies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417301</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book reflects the latest research trends, methods and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, Communication Technology, Automatic Control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and the government will also explore an insight view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation, electrical and information technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 16:53:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417301</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2019: Rail Transportation Information Processing and Operational Management Technologies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2420069</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book reflects the latest research trends, methods and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, Communication Technology, Automatic Control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and the government will also explore an insight view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation, electrical and information technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 16:53:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2420069</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reverse Characteristic Model of SiC MPS Diode</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the effects of applied voltage, temperature and structural parameters of MPS diodes on the reverse leakage current of these diodes are studied. A new analytical model for merged PiN Schottky (MPS) diodes is also developed to analyze and predict the reverse characteristics of these diodes. The model of the surface electric field is approximately solved by using the 2D Poisson equation. The reverse leakage current model of MPS diodes is analyzed and solved from the four parts of the thermionic emission, namely the leakage, tunneling, depletion and diffusion currents, based on the surface electric field model. The validated model and experimental results show good agreement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 15:26:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975870</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research and Application on Electric Vehicle Charging Communication Protocols Compatibility Detection</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975783</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electric vehicles are gradually favored by people for the advantages of low energy consumption, high energy efficiency, and zero emission. Whether charging facilities can properly charge electric vehicles is one of the factors that affect the electric vehicles travel. Communication compatibility issues of DC chargers will lead to failure of charging, which affect the user experience. In this paper, the communication protocol compatibility detection device of electric vehicle charger is proposed and designed. When the products in operation are in communication compatibility problem, the charging process can be directly detected to identify the problem. Compared with the previous independent testing of chargers and vehicles, it is more convenient and quicker to use and is suitable for on-site operation and maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 15:26:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975783</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on Active Power Factor Correction Technology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975780</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Current harmonic seriously endangers the safety of power facilities and power grid. Power factor correction (PFC) technology can effectively solve the problem of harmonic pollution. In this paper, the working principle of the full-bridge PFC converter based on the average current control is introduced in detail. The small-signal model of the full-bridge PFC converter under the current continuous mode is established based on the space state average method. The MATLAB simulation model of the system under the current continuous mode is built, and the control algorithm is verified by simulation. According to the characteristics of DSP, the system software is designed. Based on the test of the prototype with an output voltage of 400 V and a switching frequency of 100 kHz, the experimental results obtained verify the correctness of the design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 15:26:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975780</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on Ball Screw Wear Model Considering the Influence of Abrasive Particles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975776</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wear is the main cause of the failure of the ball screw pair, which seriously affects its accuracy and service life. Therefore, it is necessary to build and analyze the wear model of ball screw pairs based on analyzing wear mechanism in depth. At present, the study of ball screw wear model mostly adopts the theory of adhesion wear. It is believed that the wear amount during normal wear period is proportional to time. But in fact, this conclusion cannot express the change of the whole wear process. Based on the wear mechanism of the ball screw pair, this paper deeply analyzes the influence of abrasive wear on the ball screw during the entire life cycle. And according to the Archard wear theory, a wear model considering the impact of abrasive particles is established. In this model, the wear of the ball screw pair is exponentially related to time. The experiments verify the applicability and accuracy of the model set out in this paper, which provides a theoretical foundation for the following research on the accuracy maintenance of ball screw pairs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 15:26:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975776</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Improved Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter Based on Cascaded H-Bridge Converter and Its Generalized Inverse System Decoupling Control</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975777</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a novel improved shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) is presented based on cascaded H-bridge converter to compensate the harmonics on the grid. This improved structure of SHAPF can significantly reduce the 5th and 7th harmonics which mainly affect the power quality on the grid. H-bridge converter and passive power filter (PPF) are connected in series to compensate the harmonics together, passive power filter is mainly used to compensate 5th and 7th harmonics, and the other harmonics are compensated by the cascaded H-bridge converter. Furthermore, based on the generalized inverse system, a decoupling control method is proposed for the nonlinear and strong coupling characteristics of the 2-input 2-output improved SHAPF. After using an interactive algorithm and analyzing based on the operating principle, it is verified that the improved SHAPF model is reversible. The improved SHAPF-generalized inverse system is obtained, which is decoupled by the generalized inverse system theory after forming a composite system in series with the original system. Finally, by using an additional PI controller, the first pseudo-linear system that controls decoupling can achieve performance tuning of the subsystem. The effectiveness of this decoupling method is proved by MATLAB simulation that the decoupling subsystem has good performance, both dynamic and static.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 15:26:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975777</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Simulation Analysis and Experimental Verification of High-Speed Train Electromagnetic Disturbance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975771</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electromagnetic compatibility of high-speed railway system with military facilities, civil equipment and aviation equipment has been a research hotspot in recent years. The electromagnetic disturbance of high-speed train to the external environment is one of the important factors that affect the electromagnetic compatibility of high-speed railway system with other systems. Equipment and devices including inverters, wireless communication devices, high-power electrical equipment and electrical connection cables as well as circuit boards are all sources of electromagnetic disturbance to the external environment of the train. The type test of the whole train was carried out after installation of all devices and cables. The rectification will waste a lot of manpower and material resources if external electromagnetic disturbance exceeds the standards. Hence, in this study, the influencing factors of external electromagnetic disturbance of high-speed train are analyzed to identify the source and propagation path. The peak of electromagnetic disturbance is extracted and identified by means of simulation, so as to propose an improvement scheme of electrical design. The effectiveness of the simulation analysis is verified through the vehicle test, which provides a guiding reference for the electrical design and manufacture of the high-speed train.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 15:26:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975771</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Non-linear hydraulic system (MIMO) plant for optimal control and identification by hybrid BCMO-RERNN strategy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2377681</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This manuscript proposes a non-linear hydraulic system multiple input multiple output (MIMO) plant for optimal control and identification by hybrid BCMO-RERNN strategy. The BCMO-RERNN hybrid strategy is a combination of balancing composite motion optimization (BCMO) and recalling enhanced recurrent neural network (RERNN), therefore it is called BCMO-RERNN. The proposed adaptation process is executed by utilizing data occupied through the operation of control system, which plant is recognized and model is used for improving the controller. Plant is corresponding to MIMO hydraulic system, which containing 2 tanks fed through the pump and the 3 path valve. The first aspects are achieved by plant identification and controller training. Plant identification is performed in two ways: first one is offline by using BCMO technique and collecting data in an open loop, second one is online by RERNN, where training data is collected through control system operation in a close loop.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2024 17:06:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2377681</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2021: Rail Transportation System Safety and Maintenance Technologies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113871</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book reflects the latest research trends, methods, and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians, and industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and government will also explore an insightful view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation and electrical and information technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2023 09:11:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113871</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2021: Novel Traction Drive Technologies of Rail Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book reflects the latest research trends, methods and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians and industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry and government will also explore an insightful view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation and electrical and information technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Mar 2023 09:56:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113727</guid>
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