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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF MITSUBISHI ADVANCED WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR MOTOR SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/166170</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Following the oil crisis in 1973, energy saving has become one of the most important world-issues.  In marine transportation and shipbuilding, energy saving for ship machinery can be achieved in two ways: by the adoption of a Diesel engine with low fuel consumption as the main engine and by the recovery and effective use of waste heat from the main engine.  This paper describes the Mitsubishi Advanced Waste Heat Recovery System for motor ships, which has been developed from the waste heat recovery system so far used and features a comparatively large output through application of a dual pressure type exhaust gas economiser.  Order from BSRA No. 54,775.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/166170</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>"ONE-FUEL" SHIP TO RETURN AN OVERALL AT-SEA CONSUMPTION OF 125G/BHP H</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168458</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mr. H. R. Selby, director (marine engineering) of London-based naval architects Hart, Fenton and Co. Ltd., details the company's approach to evolving a ship which will need to bunker only one fuel grade (cSt 380 viscosity) and aims to yield at sea an overall specific consumption of 125 g/bhp h for both propulsion and electrical requirements by eliminating diesel-alternator sets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168458</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AUXILIARY BOILERS AND WASTE HEAT SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160809</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the deteriorating quality of fuels, the sizes of waste-heat units will have to be increased.  This means higher costs and increased maintenance unless more attention to initial planning and design.  There are two classes of auxiliary boiler, those that supply steam on motor ships for cargo heating, pumping, and other services, and those that can power main propulsion units as "get you home" facility.  Among the types of boiler discussed are the Monomall and the Aalborg water-tube boilers.  The main dimensions of the Monomall can be altered to suit the particular ship and designers are now being asked for units of higher efficiency.  Fitting an economiser can raise efficiency from 80 to 85%.  The Aalborg is a less conventional type of water-tube boiler, more in the style of a smoke-tube or fire-tube boiler.  The water is inside the tube and the gas circulates round the outside and leaves tangentially after giving up its heat.  This boiler is available supplying steam from 10 to 35 t/h, and it can also work in conjunction with exhaust-gas heat exchangers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160809</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MARINE STEAM POWER PLANT ALTERNATIVES IN THE DEGRADING FUEL QUALITY AND INCREASING PRICE ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/161812</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Residual oils, along with escalating prices, are progressively degrading in quality.  This is occurring and will continue to occur due to increased demands on refineries for more distillants from a given barrel of crude oil.  Degraded residual oils can be utilized by a steam propulsion plant.  The present design marine boilers will accomplish this with slight increased maintenance and new boilers can be designed to maintain or lower present levels of maintenance.  The paper addresses the various aspects of burning this degraded fuel, plus it gives design considerations for accommodation of this fuel for new construction.  The present and future price of residual oil coupled to degradation of its quality introduces the alternate of coal burning which is viable from practical and economic considerations.  The paper gives information on a coal burning boiler and a proposed plant.  A comparison of the economics of this plant to an oil burning plant is made, plus a diesel plants fuel costs are given to emphasize  the obvious cost advantage of coal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/161812</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTIVE ENERGY SAVING FOR MOTOR SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/161820</link>
      <description><![CDATA[After a comprehensive study on the feasibility of various kinds of working media including organic media, water has been finally selected as the most suitable working medium for Ranking cycle plant of waste heat recovery on board motor ships from a practical point of view.  Hence, efforts to optimize the steam bottoming plant have led to the adoption of the dual steam pressure system, where the recovered electric power generation can be increased by 20 to 30% more than of a conventional single steam pressure type system.  The system is designed to recover the main engine exhaust gas heat solely in order to simplify the system configuration and operation.  Seventeen (17) sets of the system have been completed by May, 1980 and are running satisfactorily at sea.  In addition, thirty eight (38) sets are on order.  Several other improvements are newly proposed to be added to the present system to make it more effective in energy-saving and widen its application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/161820</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPROVED MARINE BOILED RELIABILITY--PHASE II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143023</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Presented in this paper are the results of a Maritime Administration-funded shipboard and laboratory test program the second phase of a project to identify and investigate design and operational parameters which have a significant impact on the performance, availability, and reliability of oil-fired marine boilers.  The research test results and engineering analyses are discussed as they pertain to the following task areas which affect marine boiler reliability: superheater corrosion rates; economizer corrosion rates; steam-side distribution in superheaters; stack gas analysis; thermocouple modernization and shipboard use; and boiler water and feedwater quality maintenance.  Recommendations based upon both phases of the program are presented which will enable the boiler purchaser or designer to specify certain materials, design features, and operating guidelines which should assist in establishing a predetermined level of boiler reliability for specific anticipated operating modes and environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143023</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPROVED MARINE BOILER RELIABILITY, PHASE II. VOLUME II: ECONOMIZER CORROSION RATES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/77700</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the corrosion potential of commercially available economizer materials in a modern marine boiler under shipboard operating conditions. A comparison of the wastage potential of economizer metals operating at normal temperatures and below acid dew point temperatures was accomplished by the use of controlled temperature probes. Physical measurements and metallurgical techniques were utilized to develop the results generated by these probes. This information can be used to establish safe operating temperatures and adequate materials of fabrication for the final stages of the economizer. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and white)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Dec 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/77700</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A PROPOSED COMBINED CYCLE MARINE POWER PLANT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/84003</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since 1975 Solar Turbines International has been developing a sophisticated combined cycle steam design which, when used in conjuction with Solar's new Mars gas turbine, can provide the military or commercial ship operator with a highly efficient yet straight-forward power plant.  The specific fuel consumption of this engine system is competitive with the most advanced diesel engines.  The system design philosophy followed is discussed and the major system components described.  Installation and operational considerations are also presented and discussed.  System performance is briefly covered as it relates to economy of ship operation.  Control and monitoring philosophy are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/84003</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS IN MARINE DIESEL ENGINES POWER PLANTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/85476</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Heat consumers, heat carriers and heat producers are reviewed.  The energy balance of a marine diesel engine is discussed, and steam generation in the waste heat boiler is described for four different cycles with or without economizer.  Application of the steam produced in the waste heat boiler is then dealt with.  Combined plants in which a waste heat boiler and an auxiliary boiler are working together are discussed.  Order from NSFI as No. 16423.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Apr 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/85476</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUXILIARY STEAM GENERATION FOR DIESEL SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/81416</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discussed the options available on diesel powered ships for the integration of waste heat recovery and auxiliary steam generation.  Described are various systems that range in complexity from that of a single natural circulation waste heat boiler to installations with multiple waste heat boilers, oil-fired auxiliary boilers, and dual pressure steam-to-steam generators.  Also discussed are aspects of boiler control, equipment redundancy, boiler circulation, feed water deaeration, and maintenance of gas side cleanliness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Mar 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/81416</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFICIENT STEAM GENERATORS FOR MODERN MARINE CYCLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69108</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the advent of inflated oil prices, an urgent demand has developed throughout the marine industry for more efficient steam plants to reduce the impact of high fuel costs.  The Maritime Administration (MARAD) has undertaken with ship designers a number of studies of ways to reduce fuel consumption.  Ship operators are studying their present plants and looking for more efficient new cycles to reduce their operating costs.  However, they are approaching the new cycles cautiously in a desire to avoid higher maintenance costs, traditionally associated with lower flue gas temperatures and higher steam temperatures, when burning low grade oils.  These varied interests are looking to the major propulsion plant equipment manufacturers to provide the technology for meeting the industry's new needs. Manufacturers of steam generating equipment are cooperating to provide many advancements to maximize efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, improve reliability and reduce maintenance costs.  This paper discusses boilers and the related equipment required for the improved cycles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 03 May 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69108</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFICIENCY OF WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS IN MOTORSHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57460</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of different waste heat boiler arrangements for the main Diesel engine types, taking into consideration the influence of the more important design parameters such as live steam condition, condenser pressure, heating steam rate, feed-water temperature and engine loading on the electrical power produced.  A thermodynamic comparison is made of four arrangements in general use(1) Exhaust-gas boiler without economizer; (2) Exhaust-gas boiler with economizer cooled by the feed-water flow; (3) Exhaust-gas boiler with economizer cooled by the recirculating flow; and (4) Exhaust-gas boiler with integrated economizer.  An investigation has also been made of the efficiency of a turbo-generator comprising a reaction type condensing turbine with nozzle group control and thermal-elastic supported guide-blade carrier.  The results of both investigations are presented in a series of design graphs to allow quick and reliable determination of the best waste heat boiler arrangement for the particular electrical energy requirements of the ship.  Order from: BSRA as No. 47,171.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57460</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MST-21 STEAM TURBINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/60726</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Brief information is given on the MST-21 geared steam-turbine plant, which is now available from General Electric Company (of USA) and its associates and is designed to compete with the marine Diesel engine in the 9,000-19,000 shp range.  It has an all-purpose fuel rate below 224 g/shp-hr, and a number of options, including reheat, are available which can improve this figure by as much as 19%. The plant can be operated without special crew skills. Bridge control is standard.  The MST-21 has a cross-compound configuration, and is constructed in modular form.  Standard (non-reheat) initial acciditions are 60 atm and 510 deg C, with 0.52 atm vacuum.  There are four stages of feedwater heating, dual economisers, a steam/air heater, and cascaded bled-steam extractions.  Though the plant is designed for single-screw ships with two boilers, the options include twin-screw and "one-and-a-half" boiler arrangements.  The article includes fuel-consumption curves and a basic cycle diagram.  Order from: BSRA as No. 47,167.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/60726</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIRE IN ECONOMIZERS AND AIR HEATERS ABOARD SHIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/19801</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The problems of fighting fires in the economizers and air heaters aboard ship are briefly outlined and discussed. General guidelines on the prevention, detection, and fighting of such fires are offered, with factors contributing to the start of these fires also discussed. Specific indications of economizer fires, as well as precautions which should be observed to prevent such fires, are also listed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/19801</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FOSTER-WHEELER ESD III BOILERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2530</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The construction of the Foster-Wheeler External Superheater D-type boiler is discussed.  Method of firing,with its advantages, casing construction, method of securing waterwall tubes, gas flow with flame distribution is described, with supplementary diagrams.  Superheater construction materials and configuration are explained, with reference to diagrams supplying superheater output characteristics.  Economizer arrangement is also discussed. Comments on re-heat design with this type boiler and future trends are included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 12 Aug 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2530</guid>
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