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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Which Criteria Characterize Economic Dependence in Subcontracting Relationships? The Case of Delivery Drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899533</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Outsourcing is increasing in all economic sectors, from big groups to very small firms. This is especially problematic for the latter because of their economic dependence on their clients. If one contractor abuses its dominant position, the dependent contractor should legal recourse. Today, however, the legal recourse for small subcontractors is. Economic dependence abuse exists in the Commerce Code, but, in practice, subcontractors cannot easily benefit. This paper aims to show the inadequacies of the only criterion adopted by laws and by jurisprudence (narrow definition, paradoxes related to the competition law) and proposes several other criteria, based on economic, sociological, and legal studies works as well as empirical surveys about subcontractors' practices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:49:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899533</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Inventory theory and freight transport modelling. In: Modelling Freight Transport, chapitre 5</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1681543</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Inventory theory offers many options to better understand and model the behaviour of shippers and carriers in freight transportation. This includes the choice of shipment size, the choice of vehicle type and the choice of transport mode. This document discusses how some models of inventory theory constitute a sound basis to extend freight transport modelling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2020 16:13:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1681543</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Endogenous value of time in freight transport models, In: Applied transport economics - A management and policy perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1673713</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The value of time, in freight transport, comes from how supply chains work. This chapter discusses this matter and some implications including the endogenous nature of the value of time.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Dec 2019 12:14:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1673713</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Jusqu'où infléchir l'approche libérale ? Contribution de deux rapports français à la redéfinition d'une politique européenne des transports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1575243</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A l'été 2014, l'installation de la nouvelle commission européenne sous la présidence de Jean-Claude Junker a relancé le financement des infrastructures d'importance européenne. Sur plus de 300 milliards d'euros d'investissements en trois ans, un tiers au moins devrait revenir au transport. Le mécanisme pour l'interconnexion en Europe (MIE) est quant à lui doté de 26 Mrd. Le triplement des montants de la période précédente ont pour objectif affiché de soutenir l'investissement et l'emploi européen. La somme avancée vise en partie à garantir les engagements privés ou les prêts de la BEI et doivent permettre d'accroître considérablement les sommes mobilisables grâce à un effet de levier.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2018 10:21:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1575243</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation des politiques de sécurité routière : Nouvelles technologies, enjeux économiques et communication</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1575100</link>
      <description><![CDATA[En 2016, 3477 personnes ont perdu la vie dans un accident de la route en France métropolitaine marquant une quasi-stabilisation après deux années d'augmentation. Ainsi, la poursuite de la baisse de l'insécurité routière devient de plus en plus difficile. Il ne s'agit plus seulement d'améliorer les infrastructures et les véhicules, mais aussi de changer profondément les comportements tout en accompagnant de nouvelles dynamiques de mobilité. Cet ouvrage rassemble 12 contributions originales, invitant à la fois le lecteur averti et le grand public à porter un regard différent sur la sécurité et ses enjeux.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2018 10:17:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1575100</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Approach to the links between urban freight transport, urban forms and congestion. The case of Ile-de-France</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1575074</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban goods movements (UGM) are essential for economic activities in urban areas, but they are also generators of negative externalities, including road congestion. However, while the measure of time losses is a common research practice, the contribution of UGM is less frequently studied. The reciprocal impact of congestion on UGM operations is also rarely addressed, especially from the perspective of urban planning and geographic analysis. Yet, road occupancy by freight vehicles, and their impacts on UGM operations and organization can be considered as the results of socio-spatial phenomena. This thesis proposes an analysis of road occupancy by freight vehicles, of the induced congestion costs, and of the impacts on UGM operations. From a theoretical perspective, we analyze UGM as various industrial processes (which should be considered in a wider perspective than mere transport operations), with diverse characteristics, implemented by companies to meet the supply needs of companies of an urban area. We also emphasize the need to analyze the links between those industrial processes and urban forms, and we focus on the difficult relationship between UGM and urban density. From an empirical perspective, we rely on several data sources (including the Urban Goods Movements Survey (UGMS) performed in Ile-de-France in 2010). While our framework is grounded in spatial analysis, our empirical analyses of road congestion induced by urban freight also borrow from several disciplinary fields, including traffic engineering and transport economics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2018 10:16:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1575074</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Empirical Analysis of Freight Transport Prices Using the French Shipper Survey ECHO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1575065</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents an empirical analysis of the prices' structure in the road freight industry. For that purpose, we use the French ECHO survey that provides detailed information on the characteristics of shippers and transport operators. First, we show that road freight prices are not a simple linear function of shipments' attributes. Second, the main determinants of these prices are related to 'technical' attributes of the transport services (load weight, travel duration, distance) but also to the characteristics of the shipped goods (density value, commodities constrains). Lastly, the influence of 'non-traditional' factors (intensity of the shipper-operator relationship, size of the shipper, intra-group shipments) is highlighted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2018 10:16:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1575065</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Insights: Interchange Management and Governance. In City-HUBs : Sustainable and efficient urban transport interchanges, Monzón, A., Di Ciommo, F., (Ed)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1491891</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Chapter 4 presents the rationale for promoting, developing and managing an intermodal interchange - the proposed City-HUB life cycle process. Identifying stakeholders and stakes. It analyses the interaction between the interchange and the city and impact on jobs, land use and city integration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2017 16:03:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1491891</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Les activités logistiques au Canada : innovation et technologies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1417758</link>
      <description><![CDATA[La chaîne d’approvisionnement représente le canal par lequel les entreprises canadiennes livrent concurrence dans l’économie. Les agences statistiques sont mises au défi pour la mesure des activités logistiques puisqu’elles ne représentent pas un secteur en soi, mais plutôt un ensemble d’activités dispersées à l’intérieur de plusieurs industries (McKeown, Ouellet, & Merilovich, 2014). Les efforts menés par Statistique Canada afin de fournir des données pertinentes sur la logistique1 proviennent entre autres d’enquêtes sur l’utilisation des technologies et l’innovation. La présente étude fournit une mise à jour des efforts de Statistique Canada dans ce domaine en présentant certains résultats de l’Enquête sur l’innovation et les stratégies d’entreprise ainsi que l’Enquête sur les technologies numériques et l’utilisation d’Internet. Il sera question d’innovation et d’utilisation de technologies au sein du secteur Transport et entreposage et d'industries liées à la distribution (Fabrication, Commerce de gros, Commerce de détail et Extraction minière, exploitation en carrière, et extraction de pétrole et gaz).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Jul 2016 17:04:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1417758</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Les circuits courts alimentaires : vers une logistique plus verte ?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1340250</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Les circuits courts alimentaires sont réputés plus vertueux d’un point de vue environnemental que les autres circuits de distribution, car ils s’inscrivent généralement dans une échelle géographique restreinte. Cette communication vise à vérifier cette bonne réputation environnementale. Nous nous appuierons pour cela sur une étude de terrain comparant circuits courts alimentaires et autres types de circuits courts. Nous montrerons  à l'aide d'une enquête qualitative que le bilan environnemental de ces circuits courts alimentaires est très variable. Cette variabilité s’explique notamment par le type de produit proposé, la clientèle visée, les ressources dont disposent les acteurs de ces circuits, de même que les contraintes territoriales avec lesquelles ils doivent composer. Cette enquête qualitative permettra également de distinguer trois grands types de circuits courts. Le premier est orienté vers des mesures uniquement liées au transport. Le second type ne comprend aucune mesure sur le transport. Le dernier type de circuit, plus élaboré, comporte des mesures liées à la fois à la logistique et au produit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2015 12:59:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1340250</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>City-HUB D5.1 Guidelines to achieve an integrated City-HUB model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1340236</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ce rapport de recherche propose un modèle pour la réalisation de pôles d'échanges multimodaux. Après une réflexion sur le concept de pôle d'échanges, le rapport décrit les services facilitant les transferts modaux et l'exploitation quotidienne. Il décrit les résultats d'une enquête réalisée dans 5 sites pilotes afin de saisir la satisfaction des usagers. Il fait état des différents types de management et de financement de ces pôles d'échanges. Le rapport montre les effets économiques et sociaux qui leur sont liés ainsi que leur intégration urbaine. Enfin, le rapport effectue des recommandations pour réaliser des pôles d'échanges multimodaux intégrés grâce au "modèle City-HUB".]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2015 12:58:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1340236</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>City-HUB D4.1 Integrated management of efficient urban interchanges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1340234</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ce rapport présente les résultats des travaux des chercheurs du projet City-HUB sur les bonnes pratiques de réalisation de pôles d'échanges. Il s'intéresse aux structures de gestion et de management de ces pôles. Il recense les différentes formes d'intégration des systèmes d’information, de billetique et autres services. Il décrit les impacts socio-économiques de ces pôles d'échange, leur impacts dans la planification urbaine et l'usage du sol. Il recense les empreintes environnementales de ces pôles d'échanges. 21 pôles d'échanges dans différentes villes en Europe sont décrits.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2015 12:58:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1340234</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Les organisations logistiques à promouvoir dans le cadre des Politiques de Transport Durable de Marchandises : la question des circuits de proximité</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1323479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Among the many virtues associated with short supply chains, the reduction of transport and logistics needs and the use of alternative coordination process are considered as potential positive effects for sustainable transport policies. This article aims at questioning this affirmation by studying different types of short supply chains, in several sectors. To do so, we will study the factors that determine the choices concerning transport and logistics in these chains, using a framework based on the theories of Proximities and Conventions. This will help us understand in which measure the logics and organisations in these  chains can or could lead to more sustainable choices concerning transport and logistics, and could be exemplary schemes for sustainable transport policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 2014 11:25:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1323479</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>La performance des organisations logistiques des circuits courts de distribution : une analyse des déterminants et leviers d’amélioration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1323478</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many studies have shown the need for improvement of the global performance of short food supply chains. Logistics appears to be one of the solutions to reach this goal. We thus try to understand which are the key drivers of performance of these supply chains and what could be done to improve it, considering these key drivers. Considering that standard theory, based on neo-classical principals, can’t properly answer these questions, we use a framework based on Economics of Conventions and Economics of Proximity. This PhD demonstrates that the logics behind logistics schemes of short food supply chains – including those bases on a strong reduction of geographical and relational distances – aren’t always different from the logics of other types of chains. They actually are embedded in different worlds of production whose characteristics and convention of performance determine the logistic scheme and its performance. Moreover, as other supply chains, they have to face an important need for fast and efficient circulation of flows. To reach their goals, they will thus employ tools that aren’t necessarily different from those used in other kinds of supply chains. But these means of improvement don’t always fit the actual stakes because of the size of the firms and the characteristics of the territories in which they are embedded. Coordination between firms – horizontal or vertical – is rarely used to improve performance and is even often considered as impossible to build. But it is, as a matter of fact, one the most relevant means of improvement that could be used. To do so, a real effort has to be done to promote this kind of solution, for example through public policies..]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 2014 11:25:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1323478</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Infrastructure de transport et développement économique : quelles dynamiques d’appropriation par les acteurs productifs ? L’exemple de la filière céréalière autour du canal Seine-Nord Europe</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1323476</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper offers suggestions for rethinking and reanalysing the relation between transport infrastructure and economic development. It shows the diversity of firms’ reactions to infrastructure, depending on the mechanisms of coordination at work between actors. Our research aims to show that investments in infrastructure will have an impact that is differentiated depending on the mechanisms of coordination at work and the competencies they draw on. The influence of investment policies is neither homogeneous nor uniform. We illustrate possible ways of appropriating the future Seine-Nord Europe Canal using the example of productive modes in the grain sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 2014 11:25:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1323476</guid>
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