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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Transportation Infrastructure and College Admissions Quality: Evidence from China's National College Entrance Examination</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686684</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We exploit the unique context of China’s National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) to investigate the impact of transportation infrastructure on college admissions quality. Our analysis focuses on China’s rapidly expanding high-speed rail (HSR) network. We provide empirical evidence that the opening of HSR significantly improves the quality of college admissions, as reflected in higher admission scores. We examine three potential mechanisms: (1) HSR promotes local economic development, (2) HSR enhances college strength, and (3) HSR improves transportation accessibility. We present evidence suggesting that the first two mechanisms cannot account for our main findings, whereas the third mechanism can. Moreover, our results imply that HSR may widen regional disparities in college admissions quality: Colleges in developed regions benefit from HSR by attracting higher-quality students from developing regions, while colleges in those developing regions do not experience similar gains. Using data from the Chinese population census, we further corroborate this finding by showing that, relative to developing regions, developed regions attract a larger inflow of highly educated individuals from HSR. Within the context of China’s higher education in this paper, these findings provide new empirical evidence on how HSR affects college admissions quality, talent mobility and the spatial distribution of talent.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:31:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686684</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A Programmatic Approach for the Delivery of Public Transport Policy in Ireland</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671079</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Moving from plan to action seems a trivial affair. However, when vast resources are mobilised to deliver the transformation to sustainable mobility this is not so trivial. The Government of the Republic of Ireland is currently investing around €165 billion for infrastructure development over the next 10 years, with more than 20 percent allocated to the transport sector. Key policies provide the ambition and direction for such mobilisation: the National Sustainable Mobility policy (NSMP) and the National Investment Framework for Transport in Ireland (NIFTI). In addition the Infrastructure Guidelines (IG) provides the rules of approvals in the public sector to ensure value for money. From all this, a number of programmes and projects to deliver such policies emerged, such as BusConnects, Metrolink, DART+, and Active Travel programme to name a few. This paper delves into the literature of project management and institutional economics, and presents the case study of the National Transport Authority in Ireland to assess determinants affecting the degree of effectiveness in its delivery. Using an adapted PESTEL analysis, we conducted interviews to selected experts to determine the likelihood of such determinants. Lessons learned offer insights to policy makers and managers of public transport programmes elsewhere.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671079</guid>
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      <title>Economic Model for Welding Natural Gas Pipelines in Mountainous Areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604190</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Welding of long-distance pipelines is a crucial step to ensure the safe operation of pipelines. In mountainous regions, the actual welding efficiency is often significantly lower than the theoretical efficiency, and the lack of standardized guidelines for on-site selection leads to a general preference for more mature semiautomatic welding combinations. This tendency hinders the broader adoption of automated welding technology for pipelines. To address this issue, we established cost functions for individual welds and total welding costs, clarifying the proportion of labor, equipment, and material costs in different welding methods. We developed a total welding cost function for various welding methods, forming an economic welding matrix to recommend welding techniques suitable for different terrains and construction segment lengths, providing a reference for selecting on-site welding methods. Additionally, an economic model for welding natural gas pipelines in mountainous areas was established from the perspective of engineering economics. This model not only considers the direct costs of the welding process but also reflects the impact of terrain and project scale on economic efficiency, offering guidance for selecting welding methods in complex environments. Finally, the accuracy of the economic model was validated using a specific construction segment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 13:22:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604190</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-Criteria Data Analysis of China-Europe Railway Express – an Integrated Network Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666467</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study introduces an innovative, integrated approach to analyse the China-Europe Railway Express (CRE) network, combining the entropy weight method, improved gravitational model and social network analysis. These methodologies can provide a comprehensive comparison and reveal structural differences between Chinese and European railway segments. Through quantifying logistics industry development levels, inter-city connection intensities and network centrality, the study provides insights into the CRE network’s operational dynamics. Key findings include the identification of critical nodes, cohesive subgroups and contrasting network structures between China (centralised) and Europe (decentralised). The improved gravitational model, incorporating GDP proportions for asymmetrical attractions and time distance measurements, represents significant advancements in spatial interaction analysis for logistics networks. The study proposes prioritising electrified rail sections between high-attraction pairs (Chongqing-Duisburg) and adopting solar-powered terminals at hubs like Wuhan and Duisburg for sustainable networks. It is well anticipated that the methods, models and research findings from this study will contribute to network optimisation, policy formulation and sustainable development of international logistics systems, particularly within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, which is of rising significance for Eurasia geopolitical and cross-continental economic cooperation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 09:41:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666467</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of shared micro-mobility on local economy: Market sales and regional disparities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2669575</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We examine the impact of shared e-scooters on regional accessibility and local economic development, focusing on different types of commercial districts—alleyway markets, traditional markets, and developed districts—in Seoul, Korea. Using a two-way fixed-effects model to account for both time-specific shocks and time-invariant district characteristics, we find that an increase in e-scooter returns is associated with higher sales based on within-district variation rather than cross-sectional differences. However, the magnitude of this effect varies by district type. The findings indicate that the impact of e-scooter usage on sales growth is more pronounced in alleyway markets, where baseline accessibility is structurally limited and mobility improvements generate larger marginal gains. These districts benefit more significantly due to their reliance on local foot traffic and limited accessibility via traditional transit systems. In addition, the effect also varies by store type, with quick-consumption venues such as coffee shops and convenience stores showing stronger responses than full-service restaurants, consistent with the higher sensitivity of short-duration, convenience-driven consumption to improvements in short-distance accessibility. This study suggests that shared e-scooters may improve mobility and access in regions underserved by transit infrastructure. The findings suggest that shared micro-mobility may play a contributing role in fostering differentiated and economically meaningful improvements, particularly in walkable but commercially constrained districts, thereby contributing to more inclusive forms of urban economic development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 09:40:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2669575</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Logistics 4.0 adoption in emerging economies: An economic complexity perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2697261</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A dynamic and diversified economy can facilitate the adoption of Logistics 4.0 (L4.0). However, limited research exists on how economic complexity influences L4.0, either by facilitating or hindering its development. Therefore, this study investigates the drivers and barriers to the adoption of L4.0 by Logistics Service Providers (LSP), using an economic complexity approach. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with sixteen logistics experts operating within the context of an emerging economy (Brazil). Content analysis was applied to examine the data collected. The results reveal that the adoption of L4.0 is influenced by internal factors (i.e., cost reduction, productivity, quality, and increased competitiveness) and external pressures such as customer demands, regulations, competition, and technological advancements. Key barriers include resistance to change, limited technical skills, high technology costs, and inadequate infrastructure. The interdependence between technological transition and economic complexity underscores the need for context-sensitive strategies that align logistics practices with regional economic conditions. This study contributes to both theory and practice by offering guidance for managers and governments on the relationship between L4.0 and economic complexity, how to leverage its benefits, and how to overcome the challenges inherent in the process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 15:12:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2697261</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Shipping, carbon pricing, and inflation pass-through: The Silent Absorber hypothesis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665705</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study explores whether the recent introduction of CO₂ emission pricing in maritime transport has affected freight rates and inflation in the euro area. Focusing on the regulatory shift implemented in 2023, we examine whether the additional costs for shipowners have been passed on to shippers and consumers. Using a Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) model, we analyze the dynamic interactions between CO₂ allowance prices, freight rates, oil prices, inflation, and macro-financial variables from January 2023 to August 2024. The BVAR framework, suitable for small-sample analysis, allows us to trace impulse responses and uncover potential pass-through effects. Our findings challenge the common assumption that environmental taxation leads to inflationary pressures. Specifically, we find no significant increase in freight rates or inflation following a rise in CO₂ prices. Instead, the data indicate a slight drop in oil prices and a modest gain in shipowners’ revenues, suggesting that much of the regulatory cost has been absorbed within the sector. This implies that the short-term (1–2 years) inflationary impact of maritime decarbonization was limited. As the first empirical analysis of its kind using real-time data and a macro-shipping lens, this study provides timely insights for policymakers assessing the economic neutrality of green regulation in maritime transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 17:04:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665705</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Institutional Drivers of Green purchasing in Emerging Economies: A Framework for Sustainable Transportation in Nigeria</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683531</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Global transportation contributes 24% of CO₂ emissions, yet emerging economies such as Nigeria lack integrated frameworks linking green purchasing to environmental sustainability. While Institutional Theory has illuminated corporate sustainability adoption, limited research explores how coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures shape green purchasing in weak regulatory contexts. This study proposes a conceptual model connecting institutional drivers to green purchasing adoption, validated through policy analysis and interviews with ten policymakers and five certified suppliers across Nigerian state governments. Findings highlight the dominance of mimetic pressures over coercive ones, due to inadequate enforcement mechanisms. Contextual barriers: fragmented regulations, economic constraints, corruption, and infrastructural deficits mediate ISO 14001 adoption. We extend the Institutional Theory by developing a framework for harnessing environmental sustainability in emerging economies. It also offers an interdisciplinary contribution by integrating theoretical, policy, and stakeholder perspectives. Practical recommendations include harmonised legislation, supplier education, multinational partnerships, and judicial reforms to strengthen green purchasing in emerging economies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683531</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Governing the regional low-altitude economy: State-led development in emerging transport systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Emerging air-based transport systems are increasingly promoted as new drivers of mobility, logistics, and regional development, yet their governance remains insufficiently understood. This study examines the governance of China's low-altitude economy (LAE) through an in-depth qualitative analysis of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), a leading pilot region for low-altitude industry and urban air mobility development. Drawing on 52 policy documents and 147 semi-structured interviews, the paper analyses how inter-organisational relations, infrastructure conditions, market dynamics, and state-market coordination interact in shaping this emerging transport domain. The findings reveal a recursive governance configuration in which fragmented authority, infrastructural incompleteness, and policy-conditioned market behaviour mutually reinforce one another. State-led experimentation stabilises development and enables rapid resource mobilisation, while also constraining regional scaling through continued reliance on pilot-based authorisation and administrative coordination. These dynamics suggest that the core challenges of LAE development are institutional rather than technological and are not fully captured by existing transport governance and market-led innovation ecosystem models. The study contributes by refining innovation ecosystem theory through the concept of a state-dependent ecosystem, and advances debates on the regional governance of emerging transport systems by illustrating how experimentation, regulation, and market formation co-evolve under conditions of uncertainty and safety sensitivity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:58:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687383</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The role of regional economic conditions in active traveler injury severity: Accounting for COVID-19 pandemic disruptions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655764</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Regional economic disparities contribute to a disproportionate number of fatal and severe crashes among active travelers (pedestrians and bicyclists) in economically disadvantaged areas. Such road safety inequalities may be further exacerbated by external shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, due to regional variations in safety resilience. However, few studies have examined how the determinants of injury severity vary across regions with differing economic conditions, while accounting for COVID-contributing temporal shifts. This study uses North Carolina as a case study, classifying counties into three groups (i.e., highly, moderately, and least distressed counties) based on four economic indicators, and defining three pandemic periods (i.e., before, during, and after the pandemic). A partially constrained random parameter multinomial logit model with heterogeneity in the means and variances is estimated for crashes in each county group. Results show that the effects of factors are more stable in the least distressed counties, suggesting stronger safety resilience under external shocks. Additionally, during the pandemic, alcohol-impaired driving significantly affected injury severity only in highly and moderately distressed counties. Out-of-sample predictions further suggest that the probability of severe injuries among active travelers increases with rising regional economic distress and after the pandemic. Moreover, compared to the least distressed counties, the reduced safety resilience in highly and moderately distressed counties is attributed to weaker recovery and resistance capacities, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for formulating region-specific policies, detecting system vulnerabilities, and promoting equitable and sustainable active transportation systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655764</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrating Omics Concept into Asphalt Science: Current Applications and Emerging Opportunities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687010</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt omics is an emerging interdisciplinary field that integrates biology, materials science, computational science, and transportation science to address the complex properties of asphalt and the growing volume of high-throughput testing data. This study traces the early adoption of omics concepts in asphalt research, including asphalt fingerprinting, fractionation, and mixture design programming. It then outlines the core components of the asphalt omics framework, which operates across three levels: asphalt material, pavement, and environmental omics. Furthermore, a systematic architecture for asphalt omics is presented, comprising testing, analysis, and data platforms. Leveraging omics principles, this study examines the integration of multiscale asphalt information through advanced characterization techniques, the application of artificial intelligence for efficient data processing, and the development of a comprehensive smart asphalt omics database. As a transformative research paradigm, asphalt omics provides a data-driven approach that bridges empirical, theoretical, experimental, and practical insights, thereby accelerating the development of multifunctional asphalt materials, high-performance pavements, and sustainable road transportation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 09:37:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687010</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Economic Evaluation of Bus Fares Through Willingness and Ability to Pay Approaches: A Case Study of the Trans Metro Pasundan Bus Service</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659343</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study evaluates fare settings of the Trans Metro Pasundan Bus in Bandung, Indonesia, analyzing how fare changes affect mode choices. Using Ability to Pay (ATP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP), the research investigates fare elasticity and its impact on transportation choices among private vehicle users. Findings reveal that bus users have an ATP of IDR 6,800, while car and motorcycle users have ATPs of IDR 10,616.67 and IDR 4,731.88, respectively. WTP is established at IDR 5,000/passenger, with maximum sustainable fares of IDR 20,000 for cars and IDR 6,000 for motorcycles. However, the current fare of IDR 4,900 surpasses the ATP for motorcycle respondents, presenting a potential affordability barrier. The results suggest adjusting fares to better align with users' financial capabilities, recommending a maximum government-set fare of IDR 4,700. This research offers a framework to develop fare structures that enhance public transport appeal and promote urban mobility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:20:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659343</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Examining the dynamics of electric vehicle adoption using Malmquist-DEA: evidence from an emerging economy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2639404</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increasing interest in climate change and environmental protection has led to an increasing global emphasis on electric vehicle (EV) adoption. This study investigates the growth and efficiency of EV adoption across the different states in India. Using Malmquist-DEA, we assess the impact of technological advancements and regional-level policies on EV adoption. We discuss the role of different performance metrics as a key driver for EV adoption. Furthermore, by using the case of India and examining regional variations for EV adoption efficiency, we recommend differentiated policy approaches: maintaining and expanding existing infrastructure for stable regions and implementing targeted policy interventions for relatively low-performing regions. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop effective strategies that promote technological innovation, infrastructure development, and balanced EV adoption across different regions of a developing country.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:02:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2639404</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Beneath the surface: discovering the fascinating factors shaping blue economy investment behaviour and paving the way for sustainable performance: an empirical study of the marine shipping firms in Egypt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2632893</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The blue economy investment behaviour has become highly important in the past decades as it relies on making positive investment decisions which lead to the development and growth of sustainability of every country. This paper contributes to the literature through the investigation of the drivers affecting blue economy investments, and the overall impact on the sustainability of the supply chain performance of marine shipping firms in Egypt. Egypt has a strategic geographic location with long coastlines along the Red, Mediterranean and Gulf of Aqaba seas, in addition to around 50 marine ports to which logistics firms have access to. Relying on the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) theory and Appiah et al. (2023) model, this paper finds positive impacts of five factors – technological, organisational, environmental, cost spending and supply chain management on blue economy investment decisions in Egypt; however, it finds an insignificant impact of the regulatory factors on stimulating substantial investment. In addition, this paper finds an overall positive impact of blue economy investments on the sustainability of the supply chains of the Egyptian marine shipping firms. This paper suggests actions to be implemented by the Egyptian government to entirely switch to a blue economy to support the sustainability of its blue waters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 08:55:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2632893</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>New energy vehicle promotion, road transportation efficiency and regional economic growth: based on the PVAR approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625980</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New energy vehicle promotion (NEVP) is of considerable significance for improving road transportation efficiency (RTE) and promoting regional economic growth (REG). This study quantifies provincial RTE in China using panel data and employs a panel vector autoregression model to examine both static and dynamic relationships among NEVP, RTE, and REG. Through empirical measurement, it is found that the national RTE scores range between 0.80 and 0.86, exhibiting a non-monotonic trajectory. The eastern region recorded the highest average RTE of 0.86, while the central region showed the lowest, at 0.80. The northeastern region demonstrated the highest average NEVP at 8.31 %, whereas the western region had the lowest, at 2.73 %. According to REG indicators, the western region achieved the highest average annual GDP growth rate, reaching 9.18 %. The empirical analysis reveals that the relationship between NEVP and RTE is primarily characterized by mutual constraints. REG significantly facilitates NEVP, though with notable regional disparities: the promotive effect is stronger in both eastern and western regions compared to the central region. The marginal contribution of this study lies in employing the non-radial directional distance function to measure RTE, while integrating NEVP, RTE, and REG within a unified analytical framework for correlation analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2026 09:01:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625980</guid>
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