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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Sustainable Development Performance of Maritime Companies Using the AHP-Topsis Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sustainable development has recently become a crucial concept, with numerous global efforts to promote it. The maritime transport sector, as a key participant in global commerce, bears significant responsibilities for sustainable development. However, this responsibility extends beyond a single dimension, such as economic sustainability. This study aims to select sustainable maritime transport performance criteria and rank them by their significance. Additionally, it seeks to determine which maritime transport company has performed better in terms of sustainable development over the years. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to weight the criteria, and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to evaluate the sustainable development performance of maritime transport companies over time. Three main criteria and eleven sub-criteria were identified through the literature and weighted using AHP. The sustainable development performances of three maritime transport companies were then analyzed by year. The results indicate that the economic dimension is considered the most important in evaluating sustainable development performance, while the social dimension is viewed as the least important. These findings provide a comprehensive approach to understanding and evaluating sustainable development performance in the maritime transport sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 09:10:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698315</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrated green supply chain system development with digital transformation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673058</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) integrated with digital transformation (DT) presents a twin transition opportunity for balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability. This study addresses leveraging digital technologies to reduce carbon emissions while enhancing operational efficiency, reflecting the global emphasis on green transformation as seen in UN Climate Change Conferences (COPs) and policies like the EU's Carbon Boundary Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Using a combination of science-based system dynamics (SD) modelling approach and case study, the authors develop a comprehensive green supply chain zero carbon emission management system with DT. The selected case company exemplifies successful integration of green supply chain strategies and DT, demonstrating twin transition strategies that strengthen the synergy between green and digital transformations. Six scenario analyses highlight that adopting green eco-strategies promotes both economic growth and environmental sustainability, offering a win-win solution for global supply chains and providing practical guidance for sustainable business transformation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 15:44:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673058</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Temporal heterogeneity in sociotechnical urban mobility systems: Evidence from distributed lag models in Curitiba, Brazil</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2670036</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the temporal dynamics that link economic growth, vehicle fleet composition, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in urban mobility systems. Applying distributed lag models (DLM) to longitudinal data from Curitiba, Brazil (2008–2023), the analysis reveals mode-specific temporal mechanisms. The optimal model (“Motor_Heavy”) incorporates motorcycles with two-period lags and heavy vehicles with contemporary plus one-period lag effects (R² = 0.9529). Model robustness was confirmed through bootstrap validation, with a p-value of 0.632, indicating low overfitting (R = 0.12) and stable out-of-bag performance (RMSE = 5.13). Motorcycles exhibit oscillating temporal patterns—non-significant contemporary effect, significant positive lag-1 (p < 0.01), and significant negative lag-2 (p < 0.05)—yielding a positive long-run multiplier (+0.000320). Heavy vehicles demonstrate the most considerable impact (+0.000969) through highly significant immediate effects (p < 0.001) and non-significant lagged components. Light vehicles, GDP, and energy consumption show complete statistical neutrality, attributed to regulatory maturation, market saturation, and the clean energy matrix, respectively. The findings identify four distinct lock-in mechanisms: Adaptive (motorcycles), Structural (heavy vehicles), Neutralized (light vehicles), and Decoupled (GDP/energy). Building on these results, the study proposes a substantive theory of Temporal Heterogeneity in sociotechnical urban mobility systems, positing that modal subsystems embed distinct temporal logics shaped by their technical, behavioral, and institutional configurations. The study advocates for temporally calibrated, mode-specific public policies to enhance sustainable mobility transitions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 15:44:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2670036</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The role of container port traffic, global value chains participation and logistics performance in Tunisia’s inclusive growth: evidence from quantile on quantile regression and hybrid quantile causality analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2664109</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Maritime transport serves as a strategic foundation for international trade and economic development, providing essential channels for the efficient movement of goods across global markets. As trade volumes expand, maritime container transport emerges as a key driver of economic growth, job creation, and inclusive growth. Moreover, improved logistics performance and the integration of global value chains (GVCs) enhance maritime transport capacity to drive economic competitiveness and long-term prosperity. This study investigates the effects of container port traffic, GVC participation, and logistics performance on inclusive growth in Tunisia from 1990 to 2020. To ensure the reliability of the findings, the study adopts an advanced three-stage methodology that combines quantile-on-quantile regression, wavelet analysis, and hybrid quantile causality. The results reveal a significant positive impact of container port traffic, GVC participation and logistics performance on inclusive growth across various levels of economic development. Moreover, the quantile causality analysis in mean and variance confirms that these variables serve as essential determinants of inclusive growth across all quantiles of the distribution. The robustness of these findings is reinforced by the frequency domain causality test. This study recommends strategic investments in port infrastructure, expanded trade logistics, and the strengthening of international trade partnerships to improve Tunisia’s global competitiveness and accelerate its transition to inclusive growth]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 16:34:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2664109</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploratory analysis of periodic patterns in passenger aircraft orders and their associations with macroeconomic trends</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657081</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since the mid-20th century, global demand for air passenger transport has consistently increased, however, passenger aircraft orders have exhibited significant fluctuations. These fluctuations have imposed burdens on manufacturers, leading to instability and inefficiencies across globally integrated supply chains. This study applies Discrete Fourier Analysis and Cross-Correlation Analysis to passenger aircraft order data and global economic growth rates (1960–2020) to explore periodicity and macroeconomic associations. The results reveal a dominant cycle of approximately 8–10 years, consistent across aircraft types, and suggest synchronization with global economic growth patterns. These findings provide insights for long-term strategic planning in the passenger aircraft industries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 09:10:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657081</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Freight trip generation in metropolitan areas: an international perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2647715</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Freight transportation is essential for urban life and economic growth, yet cities continue to face persistent challenges in managing its impacts. Estimating Freight Trip Generation (FTG)—the number of freight trips attracted or produced by establishments—provides a foundation for urban freight transportation planning, helping cities estimate freight-related travel demand and evaluate targeted initiatives. This paper presents the first international comparison of FTG patterns across metropolitan areas worldwide, addressing the lack of comparative FTG research and examining the transferability of FTG models across contexts. The study enables benchmarking of freight activity and identification of structural drivers such as urban form and economic composition. Establishment-level analyses show that establishment size and industry sector are consistent drivers of FTG, while aggregate results reveal that freight activity concentrates in urban cores and is dominated by the Accommodation and Food Services, Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade, and Manufacturing sectors. In addition, the paper introduces a conceptual framework highlighting the multifaceted drivers of FTG and provides practical recommendations for harmonized data collection practices, which are essential for advancing FTG research and strengthening the empirical basis for urban freight transportation planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2647715</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Impact of Transportation Technologies, Technological Exports, Trade Freedom and Trade Globalisation on Transport-Based CO₂ Emissions in the Top 10 Emitter Countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686153</link>
      <description><![CDATA[High and medium technology exports play a crucial role in supporting economic growth, fostering international competition and potentially reducing carbon dioxide emissions through the adoption of advanced technologies. However, the environmental effects of such exports, particularly in the transportation sector, remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining how transportation technologies, high and medium technology exports, trade freedom, and trade globalisation affect CO₂ emissions from transportation. The analysis covers the ten countries with the highest transportation-related emissions over the period 1995–2020, employing augmented mean group (AMG) and common correlated effects (CCE) estimators. The results reveal heterogeneous effects across countries. Transportation technologies are found to increase emissions in Japan but reduce them in South Korea, the United States and Mexico. High and medium technology exports raise transportation emissions in China, France, Germany, the USA and the overall panel. Trade globalisation increases emissions in France, whereas it reduces them in Germany. These findings suggest that advancing transportation technologies, aligning trade openness with environmental goals and shifting exports toward higher technology products can support the reduction of transportation-related carbon emissions. Such measures are vital for progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 10:09:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686153</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The impact of seaport infrastructure efficiency on foreign direct investment in Africa</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2688646</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in promoting economic growth, the transfer of technology and skill, among other benefits, and its crucial role in the achievement of other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been largely discussed in the literature. Given the importance of FDI and the desire of all economies to ameliorate the level of foreign direct investment, a growing literature has engaged in understanding its determinants. This study attempts to contribute to this literature by examining, for the first time, the impact of seaport infrastructure efficiency on FDI using data from 32 African countries over the period from 2018 to 2022. The system generalized method of moments estimation method was used for the analysis. The empirical results show that seaport infrastructure efficiency enhances FDI inflows in Africa. In addition, the crucial roles of economic growth, trade openness, exchange rate, information communication technology, urbanization, and regulatory quality are equally affirmed. Based on these findings, the study recommends port policies that promote seaport infrastructure efficiency in Africa.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 16:48:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2688646</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The end of cheap flying? Decarbonization and capacity limits reshaping air travel growth in a mature market</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655838</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a long-term forecast for the Dutch aviation sector up to 2060, analyzing the impacts of scenarios involving international demographic and economic development, European and global climate policy, and local airport capacity constraints. The availability of sustainable fuels is assessed for the global market. Using four distinct scenarios, combining two dimensions of high / low economic and demographic growth and fast / delayed climate transitions, the study models future air travel demand, aircraft movements at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, energy requirements, and resulting CO₂ emissions. The modeling is conducted using the AEOLUS model, which relies on population and economic growth, alongside the costs of flying, to determine travel demand using, among other, income and price elasticities. The analysis reveals that in high-growth scenarios, unconstrained demand could lead to a doubling of aircraft movements to approximately 1 million per year at Schiphol by 2060. However, the current flight cap of 500,000 movements at Schiphol represents the most significant limiting factor, which would be reached before 2030 in these scenarios. This scarcity incentivizes airlines to deploy larger aircraft, allowing passenger numbers to increase even after the flight limit is met. All scenarios project a sharp decline in CO₂ emissions after 2030, driven by mandated blending of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) and efficiency gains. Consequently, a decades-long trend of falling airfares is expected to reverse, with ticket prices projected to rise across all scenarios due to higher fuel and carbon costs, compounded by capacity scarcity in high-growth scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 17:15:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655838</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>From ‘tale of two cities’ to ‘economic circle’: an assessment of the differential effects of high-speed railway on the economic growth of Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648334</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While numerous studies have investigated the regional economic impacts of high-speed rail (HSR), its role within “twin-core” urban agglomerations in topographically complex regions remains inadequately explored. This study addresses this gap by examining the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, a representative region characterized by complex mountainous terrain. Utilizing panel data from 2000 to 2020, apply both a multiperiod difference-in-differences (DID) approach and a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model. This methodology elucidates the causal mechanisms and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of HSR’s differential economic effects on core versus peripheral cities.Our findings reveal three key results: (1) Although HSR significantly fosters aggregate regional economic growth, its benefits are distributed highly unevenly, exhibiting a pattern of uneven spatial diffusion. While core cities capture larger direct gains, significant positive spillovers to peripheral cities are identified. This diffusion effect, however, is strongly moderated by rugged terrain, which attenuates spillovers and perpetuates core-periphery disparities. (2) The GTWR model further delineates the underlying causes of this spatial heterogeneity. The complex, rugged topography significantly escalates HSR construction and operational costs, thereby attenuating its positive economic spillovers. Topography thus emerges as a critical moderating variable, accounting for the stark disparity in HSR derived economic benefits between flat and mountainous areas. (3) Mechanism analysis indicates that HSR primarily stimulates economic growth by boosting tertiary sector employment.This study provides causal and spatial empirical evidence for the applicability of the “core-periphery” theory in settings with complex topography. Our conclusions underscore the imperative of incorporating geographical constraints into transportation infrastructure planning. Accordingly, we propose targeted policy recommendations to foster regional coordination, mitigate topographical disadvantages, and advance thesuperior, integrated development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 08:40:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648334</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Land Suitability Assessment for Industrial Development Using GIS: A Case Study of Rohtak and Jhajjar, Haryana</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655515</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates land suitability for industrial development in the Rohtak and Jhajjar districts of Haryana using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. The analysis integrates spatial data on key factors, including proximity to transportation networks (highways, railways), existing industrial clusters, and environmentally sensitive zones (forests, canals, and groundwater recharge areas). Buffer zones are applied to define no-development areas, ensuring ecological preservation while optimizing industrial site selection. A weighted overlay analysis is used to put land parcels into five groups based on how suitable they are: Highly Suitable, Suitable, Moderately Suitable, Less Suitable, and Not Suitable. The results show that transport corridors are the best places for industrial growth, while forest reserves and areas that are sensitive to water are not. This study gives policymakers and urban planners in new urban-industrial areas a way to make decisions about how to plan for sustainable industry that balances economic growth with protecting the environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:20:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655515</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Economic Growth and Transport Emissions: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Austria and the Netherlands</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665985</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the relationship between economic growth and transport-related CO₂ emissions in Austria and the Netherlands using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. The analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship, where emissions initially rise with GDP (PPP) but decline after reaching a certain income threshold. Austria’s emissions show a gradual decline, reflecting its reliance on renewable energy, while the Netherlands exhibits a sharper rise and fall due to urban density and road freight reliance. These findings highlight the potential for sustainable growth, emphasizing the need for targeted policies to reduce transport emissions through green technologies and infrastructure investments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665985</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Infrastructure, growth, and regional disparities: Looking at efficiency, redistribution, and equity goals in road investments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633504</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper evaluates the role of transportation infrastructure policies in raising productivity by considering heterogeneities in efficiency, redistribution, and equity. Using a three-step instrumental variable identification strategy, we estimate the causal impacts of road investments on GDP per capita in Brazilian municipalities during the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC), implemented from 2007 to 2018. Our findings show that highway investments significantly increased productivity, particularly in less-developed and poorly connected municipalities. Conversely, returns were lower or insignificant in highly developed and efficient areas, likely due to infrastructure saturation and implementation inefficiencies. These results suggest that road impacts are not homogeneous and that spatial targeting matters. Building on these heterogeneities, we calculate regionalized return rates and identify “focal points” where road investments can achieve both economic efficiency and inclusion objectives. We find that Brazil could have achieved higher overall returns by prioritizing redistributive and spatially equitable investments rather than concentrating resources in already-developed regions. The paper contributes to the literature by jointly analyzing the efficiency, redistribution, and equity dimensions of infrastructure investment and providing policy-relevant evidence on how to improve the design and targeting of national transport programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:56:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633504</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PennDOT Act 130 Reporting: Evaluating the Impact of Connected and Automated Vehicles to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671996</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the findings from focus groups conducted in 2024. The primary objective of the research was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Act 130 within Pennsylvania's unique context. The study examines the specific benefits and challenges of Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs), with a focus on workforce development, economic growth, accessibility, and mobility improvements. The findings are intended to support the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) in its efforts related to HAVs and offer actionable insights and recommendations to policymakers, helping Pennsylvania maximize the benefits of HAV technology while addressing potential challenges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 16:28:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671996</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>High-speed rail and economic growth: A market access–based economic impact evaluation in China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659672</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Debates continue over whether high-speed rail (HSR) generates new economic value or simply reallocates activity across space. This study evaluates the national economic impact of China’s HSR system through a Market Access (MA) framework grounded in quantitative spatial economics. The authors derive and empirically estimate a log–log elasticity between MA and GDP using county-level panel data from 2007 to 2020 and an instrumental-variable strategy based on least-cost spanning networks. Results show that a 10 % increase in MA leads to a 0.89 % increase in GDP. Counterfactual simulations indicate that without HSR, China’s 2020 GDP would have been 3.31 % lower (≈6.7 trillion RMB). Temporal counterfactuals further reveal a strong network formation effect: economic gains rise sharply once previously fragmented corridors became an integrated national network in 2017. An economic impact evaluation suggests that aggregate gains exceed construction and operating costs, indicating positive net national value. By integrating transport planning, spatial economics, and infrastructure policy, this study provides network-level evidence that HSR can generate positive-sum national growth rather than zero-sum redistribution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:02:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659672</guid>
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